HU213778B - Method and equipment for render harmless groundwater's pollution - Google Patents

Abstract

 The essence of the process, that is, the contaminated groundwater-containing soil mass is surrounded by a quasi-watertight needle-like closure wall, and in this space the groundwater level is maintained essentially lower than the groundwater level, preferably 1–2 cm lower. The water that is needed for the internal water abstraction is cleaned. A leak (9) is provided in front of the front wall of the groundwater flow direction (i) of the plant that grapes the main body of this process, which is connected to the back wall (11) by the drain lines (10). Next to this rear wall, there is another leakage (7) inside which collects with a collecting pit (15). Water pumped therefrom is sprayed with spray nozzles (19), or treated chemically-biomolecularly. Another method of the invention relates to a quasi-water-tight closure wall which generates a flap (30) that is opened to the flowing groundwater, in which the surrogate groundwater is flown into an open-top collector 41) and the sludge pollutant is removed from the water surface. The balance of the water balance by the leak (31) in the bay (30) is facilitated by the pumping pump (32) from said collecting shaft (32). The main grape-growing facilities for this procedure are the open surface collector (41), the leakage (31) of the collecting shaft (32), and the pump (33) formed by the sink (38b) with the control unit nozzles (45a, 45b) is in a clipboard. Finally, the invention also relates to a method of dispensing compressed air fed into the soil mass containing contaminated ground water, to raise the level of contaminated groundwater to a height higher than the bottom level of the preferably open-surface recess (s), and the pollutant (s), for example. oil or hydrocarbon derivatives are forced to manipulate with the skins; in the recess (s), the contamination of the groundwater coming from the sink is removed from the surface of the groundwater. It is preferred that the recess (s) feed into a sinkhole for use as a sink, thereby generating the effect of the dispersed compressed air water level.

Description

The essence of the process is that the soil mass containing the contaminated groundwater is surrounded by a barrier wall with a quasi-waterproofing property, and in this space a groundwater level which is substantially 1-2 cm lower is maintained. The internal water extraction required for this purpose purifies the water.

The device for carrying out this process is provided with a leak (9) in front of the front wall of the groundwater flow direction (i), which is connected to the sinks (11) behind the rear wall via drain pipes (10). Near this rear wall, inside there is another leak (7) which travels with a manhole (15). The water pumped therefrom is sprayed with nozzles (19) or chemically-biologically treated.

In another method of the invention, a quasi-watertight barrier wall is provided to create a cavity (30) open to the flowing groundwater, in which the flowing groundwater is flushed into an open-surface collecting channel (41) and

Figure 2

Scope of the description: 18 pages (including 6 pages figure)

HU 213 778 B

EN 213 778 Β contaminants are removed from the water surface. The equilibrium of the water balance is achieved by pumping from a manhole (32) through a leak (31) in the cavity (30). The facilities for carrying out this process have an open-surface collecting duct (41) formed within the cavity (30) provided with the sealing wall, a leak (31) traveling with a collecting shaft (32), and a pump (33) having a sink (38b), a treatment unit and nozzles (45a, 45b).

Finally, the invention also relates to a method for feeding compressed air dispersed in soil mass containing contaminated groundwater, thereby raising the level of contaminated groundwater to a height above the subsurface, preferably open surface depressions, and such as oil or hydrocarbon derivatives being forced upward by manipulating air bubbles; contamination from the groundwater entering the depression (s) is removed from the surface of the groundwater. It may be advantageous to apply water to the recess (s) as a sink to enhance the water leveling effect of the dispersed compressed air.

The present invention relates to a method and an installation for the disposal of groundwater contamination.

It is known that, as a result of various human activities, the number and quantity of substances which, in their natural and / or processed state, pose a significant risk to the environment, such as surface water and groundwater (eg hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives), is increasing. On the other hand, in many places, the generation of waste and by-products that, even when temporarily deposited or disposed of, pose a threat to soil life and groundwater resources, careless handling, and possibly deliberate - but of course illegal - discharges into the terrain or and can cause minor or major environmental disasters in still waters.

The harmful components of solid hazardous wastes, often obscured in the field or near the surface, are usually leached out and washed into the soil, while liquid wastes penetrate directly.

A method and apparatus for eliminating, or at least reducing, the environmental impact of pollutants placed on the surface of the earth is known, for example, from U.S. Patent No. 197,779. Typically, high-mass contaminants transported to a designated area, usually by hydromechanization, e.g. The subsoil mass, which is a by-product of alumina production, is surrounded by a quasi-watertight barrier. The water that swells in the enclosed soil is collected and removed by internal belt traps. Water swollen by the barrier wall, swelling in the outer soil mass, is collected by an outer belt trap and led to a recipient of living water or to a place of use. In this way, contaminated and non-contaminated groundwater are separated, the contamination of the outer clean groundwater is prevented and the risk of groundwater rising outside the barrier wall due to the swelling effect of the wall, for example, marshland is eliminated.

This solution seems to be particularly advantageous if the leachate collected in the inner belts is utilized as process water (for example for hydromechanical purposes), as it is highly likely that the water flow in the storage space will be balanced. However, problems may arise in applications where the water content of the soil mass enclosed by subterranean walls and contaminated with pollutants needs to be maintained without recourse to retention water and the volume of water contained in the enclosed soil must be maintained under this condition. The underground wall is an obstacle to the flow of groundwater, and the level of flooded groundwater should be kept below a predetermined value by the outer belts, but not always to a depth sufficient to fulfill the function of the belts. It can also be detrimental to the exclusion of areas from potential agricultural use; and that maintaining a channel of this size will incur regular recurring costs for the operator.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide solutions for the disposal of groundwater contaminants which are capable of preventing and / or removing contaminants from groundwater more efficiently and economically than currently known processes and equipment of similar function.

The invention is based on the following discoveries: if the water level in a soil wall enclosed by a gap wall is maintained at substantially the same level as the water on the outside, the pressure difference between the two types of water will be practically zero; Thus, by storing hazardous waste on the surface above the mass of the soil enclosed by the slit wall from which potentially contaminating components may leach and leak into the soil, in the absence of flow, these contaminants may be prevented from escaping into the enclosed space and escaping to groundwater. The body of water within the gap wall can be cleaned by either aeration or filtration, and by evaporating the water sprayed for aeration and draining the purified water, if necessary using other means, the balance of internal water flow can be maintained even during critical periods.

It is further recognized that if contamination of flowing groundwater, such as oil, occurs, a slit wall can be used to form an underwater cavity open to the flow direction, with a combination of floating and dissolved impurities flowing or dissolving under the surface, it can be selected and neutralized by spraying dispersed air into the groundwater.

Finally, we discovered that spillage spilled into the surface and leaking into the soil with cavity walls is cassette-like2

EN 213,778 enclosed by the introduction of dispersed air and the opening of an open-surface trench, it can be selected by floating in this trench and removed therefrom by conventional means (such as a separator).

Based on the above findings, the object of the present invention has been solved by a method of encapsulating a body of soil containing contaminated groundwater with a quasi-watertight barrier and removing the groundwater from the groundwater within the enclosed soil mass to control its level. maintaining the ground water level (U _column) formed outside of the end wall ground water level (A _br, H) are identical, or nearly identical, and preferably lower than an external groundwater-level (U _column) soil mass, and to prevent in this way, or substantially prevent the enclosed soil crowd contaminated the passage of groundwater into the external groundwater through the quasi-barrier wall; optionally, the contaminated groundwater is purified on site by means of aeration and / or cascade treatment and / or sedimentation, preferably in the form of a removable treatment pad (s) located in a collection pit for pumping and / or surface spraying. Spraying ensures a high degree of aeration and significant evaporation losses.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the same or substantially the same groundwater level (hd, h _S7 ) is maintained on each side of the barrier wall, outside the barrier wall. Advantageously, the same or substantially the same water level is maintained in a drainage conduit connected to the groundwater flow direction (s) prior to the front barrier section (a) and in its initial direction and in the groundwater flow direction to the sinks installed after the rear gap section. This system is maintained by the force of gravity and results in a balanced groundwater level outside the barrier wall.

Another embodiment of the process is characterized by collecting the groundwater from the contaminated soil mass with a flat drain, preferably a gravel drain, or / and a point well or point wells, and / or removing the point well (s) directly. In the case of favorable soil conditions (large gap volume) or a balanced resting groundwater level (lowland area), the leaking function of the inner plane can be completely taken over by the point wells.

According to another feature of the invention, groundwater is removed from the contaminated soil mass by pumping it to provide air, such as an ejector pump or a mammoth pump. These pumping methods promote the vital activity of aerobic microorganisms.

According to the process of another preferred embodiment is controlled operated detected integrated external collectors on the way and this internal collectors pathway water level difference of a function of a pump, the water level after keeping the enclosed soil range near collector path of the groundwater level (U _column) in addition to the closure wall, preferably the inner szivárgóval flying.

The process facilities have a quasi-watertight barrier surrounded by a mass of soil containing contaminated groundwater, and the facility is characterized by the fact that the barrier wall is further distal to and perpendicular to the barrier wall section perpendicular thereto or / and one or more point wells are provided which are connected to the point collection point (s) and / or the water collecting device (s) in contact with the leak; optionally, a planar leakage is provided on the outer side of the anterior wall partition transverse to that flow direction, preferably at a distance parallel thereto, preferably parallel to this partition wall, from the bottom of which the drainage ducts run into said rear wall section They open into. It is preferred that the bottom of the leaks and / or point well (s) is below the minimum groundwater level (A _m j _nb u _m , _n a).

According to another feature of the invention, there is a level switch for sensing the difference in groundwater levels inside and outside the barrier and operating in connection with the water extraction device to control its operation on the basis of this difference. In this case, it is expedient to start from the level switch both the pipeline extending to the inner leakage manhole and the pipeline extending to the external manhole installed outside the rear slit wall section therein.

Another embodiment of the facility is characterized by the sumps at the ends of the outer leakage section extending over the length of the front barrier wall in the direction of the groundwater flow, on which drainage ducts are installed and drainage ducts therefrom; and also manifolds are located on the sumps into which the drainage ducts flow, and these manholes are located behind the closure wall in the said flow direction and viewed from the outside.

Preferably, the water extraction device has an ejector pump and / or a mammoth pump.

It is advisable for the facility to be in contact with the water intake nozzle. In this way, the highlighted contaminated water, such as a pollutant deposited on the site, can be sprayed while taking in oxygen from the air for biodegradation.

According to another aspect of the invention, there are replaceable filters and / or surfactant fillers and / or adsorbents and / or dispersing pads and / or means for adjusting the pH in the collection pit and / or point well (s) associated with the water collection device; and / or the facility has a water treatment device such as a cascade operator and a settler attached thereto.

It may also be advantageous for the barrier wall to be preferably an injection-cemented, one-or two-plate slit wall with cement binder and wells for sensing the water level, optionally in the space between the slabs and outside the slabs.

The invention also relates to a process for the disposal of contaminants flowing into groundwater, in particular hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives, such as oil, by separating the contaminants from water.

EN 213 778 Β and optionally subjected to chemical and / or biological treatment, characterized in that through a quasi-barrier barrier with a transverse barrier wall section transverse to the flow direction of the flow of groundwater, a cavity open to the flow direction is formed, wherein said barrier wall sections are provided with a flat leak or / and point well (s) traveling in a downward direction with respect to the downstream collector shaft (s), and therewith also spaced backwardly against the flow direction, preferably an open surface collector; with the groundwater flow maintained in the cavity, the groundwater, optionally swollen in the cavern, is passed to a level above the bottom of the collecting channel and the pollutant formed therein is removed from the groundwater flowing through the collecting channel.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, a water reflector is tensioned by a variable amount of water extraction from the collecting manhole and / or point well (s) traveling therethrough. In this case, it is expedient to create a swelling, preferably a few dm, along the transverse barrier section of the groundwater flow, and tap the groundwater from the collection pit and / or point (s) to utilize the energy provided thereby, preferably in the downstream direction. and adjusting the degree of swelling and the current flow-equilibrium state as a function of the water level within the cavity in the control wells installed at the entrance of the cavity by means of a control valve connected to the cavity.

According to another aspect of the invention, the manhole is fitted with a replaceable filter and / or surfactant fill and / or adsorber and / or dispersant pad and / or pH adjusting means.

A further embodiment of the process is characterized by spraying air dispersed in the groundwater body below or / and downstream of the manifold in order to improve the selection of contamination in the collecting channel. Further, water pumped from the manhole and / or the manhole (s) and / or manifold is absorbed ⁵⁶ and / or transferred to a treatment unit, such as a cascade settler, and / or sprayed to the surface within the culvert.

The apparatus for carrying out the above-described method is characterized in that it has a cavity, preferably lowered into a waterproofing soil, enclosed by a quasi-watertight barrier wall having a barrier wall transverse to the flow direction of the groundwater and a slant extending therefrom; a flat leakage or / and point well (s) running at a distance from the transverse barrier wall section to at least one manhole in the cavity is formed from the inside outwardly from the leak or / and point well (s), preferably an open surface manifold; the manhole or / and well being connected to the pump via a suction line; and the facility has sinks where appropriate.

In a preferred embodiment of the installation, a variable valve is provided in the pump discharge line to allow a variable amount of water to be withdrawn.

It is also advantageous to have one or more nozzles connected to the pump and a control unit, such as a cascade settler, and that the valves are fitted with shut-off valves, preferably with valves, in the lines connecting the pump to the nozzle or nozzles, the control unit and at least one sink. It may also be advantageous if the manifolds from the manhole and / or the manhole (s) are - preferably discharged into a sink and provided with at least one valve regulator operable in relation to the water levels detected in the control wells located in the entrance area of the cove.

The present invention also relates to a process for feeding compressed air dispersed in soil mass containing contaminated groundwater, thereby raising the level of contaminated groundwater to a height above the subsurface, preferably above the bottom level of the recess (s), ka) forcing oil, such as oil or hydrocarbon derivatives, upwards by manipulating the air bubbles; contamination of the groundwater entering the depression (s) is removed from the surface of the groundwater. In a preferred embodiment of this process, the recess (s) is used as a sink to inject water therein to enhance the leveling effect of the dispersed compressed air. It is also advantageous to surround the soil mass containing the contaminated groundwater, preferably with a waterproof bottom-quasi-waterproof barrier wall, preferably an injected slit wall.

According to another preferred embodiment of this process, the contaminated area is firstly surrounded at least in part by an air supply line for feeding dispersed air into the soil, at least in part, and preventing or at least greatly reducing the a body of groundwater is surrounded by a quasi-watertight barrier wall, and a deeper - preferably open surface - deeper than the elevated groundwater level by air injection, preferably a ditch, at the bottom of which is installed a ; and removing contaminated soil from the surface of contaminated groundwater, which has been manipulated by air bubbles and accumulated in a ditch, such as a ditch. It is expedient to supply the air diffusers with compressed air from, for example, a manifold duct connected to a mobile air compressor, and to leave the perforated pipeline in the recess after the groundwater contamination is disposed of and supply air to the soil for regeneration.

Finally, in another preferred embodiment of the process, the soil mass containing the contaminated groundwater is surrounded by a quasi-water barrier wall and at least one, preferably truncated, water sink is formed within the resulting cassette

Supplying water within the cassette by feeding at least one, preferably truncated, water sink into which the contaminated water level inside the cassette is raised to a level above the bottom level of the water sink (s); air is dispersed in the soil during and / or preferably through the air intake (s) located around the sink and manipulated by air bubbles and sludge (s) removed from the surface of the groundwater flowing there.

The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which include installations and equipment for various groundwater contamination cases.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of the installation of Figure 2;

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A in Figure 1;

2a. Figure 1 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in Figure 1, showing a preferred detail of the installation of Figure 1 and Figure 2;

a 3 a. FIG. 4A is a plan view of another facility for disposing of a disposal task other than that shown in FIGS.

3b. 3a. Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line C-C in Fig. 4A;

4a. Fig. 4A is a plan view of a groundwater purification plant according to the invention;

Figure 4b is a view of Figure 4a; Figure 6 is a sectional view taken along the line E-E in Figure 1A;

5a. Fig. 4A is a plan view of another groundwater treatment plant;

5b. 5a. Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line E-E in Figs.

1 and 2 are for the disposal of groundwater contamination from the presence of a deposit of solid hazardous waste on the (ferrous) concrete pavement 20 formed on the surface t. The soil mass below the area designated for the disposal of hazardous waste is enclosed by bottom walls 4 and 5 connected to the waterproof soil layer 6; this mass consists of layers 2 and 3 of different quality containing groundwater. Above the space t, in the line of the sealing walls 4.5, the area for the disposal of hazardous waste is surrounded by a fence 13 (not depicted in FIG. 1 for greater clarity).

As can be clearly seen in Figures 1 and 2, there are buildings 1 'covered in the fence area 13 for the storage of hazardous waste in containers (such as barrels). Precipitation falling therefrom is led through the pipes 8 outside the fence 13 into a gutter 24 formed above the leak 9. The outer leakage 9 is located in front of the barrier wall submerged below the surface t in the direction of the thin dashed / arrowed groundwater, which is perpendicular or substantially parallel to the barrier wall section on the flow side. The lower end of the leaky body 9a, for example, of pebble material extends into a drainage pipe 10 which is laid in a sandy bed of gravel 10a; leakage 9 is thus structurally a gravel drain leakage. The same drainage line 10 has sections substantially parallel to or substantially parallel to the cavity wall sections c extending substantially parallel to the groundwater flow direction i, starting from a solid particulate material 11 formed beneath the collector shaft 25a at the ends of the leakage body 9a. in the direction of groundwater flow i, into the sump 11 formed beneath the collector shaft 25b located after the b wall wall section b. This is it? the barrier section is parallel to the barrier section. As shown in Figure 1, the end wall sections c connect the ends of the end wall sections a and b. The manholes 25a, 25b are located in all directions outside the enclosed area.

Within the area enclosed by the fence 13, in the vicinity of the closing wall section b, a further leak 7 is installed in parallel with a length nearly equal to that of the closing wall section b (but not reaching the closing wall sections c). Inside the inner leakage channel 7, in the central region (Fig. 1), a manhole 15a is provided, which extends throughout the suction line 26 connected to the water extraction apparatus 12, preferably by injector 12; the manhole 15a travels with the internal leak 7. A manhole 15b is installed opposite the manhole 15a but outside the barrier section b. Pipes 27a, 27b extend into the manholes 15a, 15b, which are connected to a level switch NK above the surface t, which is operatively connected to the water extraction device 12. In the manhole 15a, interchangeable filters may be provided, the function of which will, of course, be returned to in the same way as the function of the wells 16 shown in Figure 1.

A water supply line 18 is connected to the discharge nozzle 17 of the injector water extraction device 12 at the top of the deposit 1.

Outside the depot 1, cascade control unit 21 and settler 22 are located on the space cover 20. The collecting shaft 25b on this side is connected by a conduit 23 to a settler 22 into which a locking device 23a is inserted.

In the installation of Figures 1 and 2, the disposal of groundwater contamination, including the prevention of the spread of contaminated groundwater, is as follows:

As generally everywhere, in the case of the present example, the natural groundwater flow processes always have a flow direction specific to the area, as indicated by the dashed arrows i in FIG. After the construction of the barrier walls 4.5, the external and internal balance of the groundwater is characterized by an altered equilibrium state, as a result of which it is clear that the original groundwater level swelling along the closing wall section (Figure 2) is swollen by the barrier effect of this barrier section; the elevated external groundwater level is indicated in Figure 2 _{by the} reference letter h _t . It also follows from the flow regularities that along the b partition wall opposite the a wall section a - the

EN 213 778 Β due to suction - the original exterior groundwater level _{2 is} reduced to h _S7 groundwater level (Figure 2).

In the area of soil enclosed by the wall sections a, b and c (which, of course, the wall sections are connected to each other), since the flow has ceased, the internal water level is equalized; this internal equilibrium water level is indicated in Figure 2 by _the reference letter h. As a result of the internal groundwater leveling, the quasi-watertight barrier wall (slit or curtain wall) will have surfaces where the load from the outside and from the internal water pressure is applied. At the border of the transition, the difference in water level is zero. Due to the altered equilibrium, the following differential pressure occurs along the b wall partition b:

ho h _sz ΔΚ _Γ , that is, the pressure difference increases to ΔΚ _{Γ in} Figure 2. This new equilibrium so would be detrimental to prevail and emerge deleted because along ab zárófalszakasz internal water containing the hazardous substance (s) levels lead to a water level difference - i.e. _ΔΚ Γ value could be so large - which is environmentally been unpermitted amounts could result in the outflow or leakage of hazardous material through the barrier into external, unpolluted groundwater.

However, the device according to the invention eliminates this danger. To solve the problem, as we have already pointed out, we proceeded from the well-known hydraulic principle that the flow of fluid is created only by a differential pressure. The present invention seeks to these laws limiting case for the creation, within the bounded b, c zárófalszakaszokkal region formed in an interior of the _column the water level and is maintained artificially, which is substantially identical to the external water level, preferably less 1-2 along the wetted end wall cm, so that the pressure difference from the water levels on both sides of the barrier wall is practically negligible, but only inward flow can occur. With the markings in Figure 2:

^ sz ^- ^ os ^- Ahb ·

With the difference between the waterproofing capacity of the barrier wall and the artificially maintained water level Ahb ⁼ 1 ~ 2 cm, the amount of water flowing through will be zero.

In the present example, the barrier sections a, b and c are formed as an injected curtain wall or gap wall launched from the space t and deep into the waterproofing soil 6. The trajectory of the barrier wall is here identical to that of the fence 13, and the continuous footprint of the latter is preferably connected to a barrier wall below it by means of a watertight connection. This design solution protects against the release of material discharged / discharged from the depot 1 and / or the hazardous waste stored in the buildings into the enclosure 20 and the release of external rainwater into the enclosure. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the bulkhead portion a and the larger portion (from the flow direction z) of the sealing wall sections c are formed as a single-plane slit wall 4, and a portion of the closure wall sections c connected thereto as a 5-plane slit wall. The latter has substantially better impermeability properties than a single-walled partition wall, is suitable for meeting stricter requirements and is particularly exposed to contaminants that are particularly hazardous to the environment and / or to sections with higher pressure differences. The technology and apparatus for making such a slit wall are described in Hungarian Patent No. 197,778. In addition to the higher water-tightness, an important advantage of the two-plate gap wall is that the material of the two sheets (membrane) can be selected according to the particular need for contamination since these sheets may be made of injection mortar of different composition and resistance. provides additional benefits for security. The mechanism of action shall be subject to ex post verification that, as in paragraph 2a. 1 to 2, where the previously used reference numerals have been used mutatis mutandis, wells 14 (not shown in Figures 1 and 2) can be installed in the space between two plates 5a, 5b of the plate wall 5 as well as inside and outside the space enclosed by this wall. , and from the detection data of these wells, we can clearly determine the current water tightness of the plates 5a, 5b, which, in turn, allows for the necessary technical intervention before the leaking contaminated groundwater damages the environment. Finally, it is noted that the slit wall of the aforementioned Hungarian Patent, being made by injection technology, is significantly more reliable than slit walls constructed by other known methods.

Returning to Figures 1 and 2: The _column of said internal water level, the / = ib which preferably should be less than the outer _No. groundwater- 1-2 cm, is prepared and maintained using seven internal leakage. This prevents contaminated water from the soil layers 2 and 3, which is loaded with hazardous waste, from escaping into the external groundwater. However, it is not a problem if A /? _{b the} difference in level - the difference in pressure - causes some clean water to leak into the interior enclosed by a quasi-watertight wall. (Of course, such leakage does not occur if the internal and external groundwater levels are properly controlled to create a zero pressure difference; moreover, if the level difference is such that a pressure of 1 to 2 cm occurs internally and externally, allows only what may be negligible in terms of environmental damage.)

As means of external leaking 9 bled the zárófalszakaszt outside attacker h _is the water level of ground water by gravity 10 drénvezetékek and 11 sinks using (which latter, as shown in Figure 2, the water table is the _Case level), the internal water balance the balance can be maintained with minimal energy investment. It should be noted here that the planar leaks 9, which extend from the barrier section A to the groundwater level A _mm f before the barrier section e, run inward from the barrier section b and the sinks 11 in the direction of flow i (1). (a) can be formed behind the b partition wall /) _m „, _a

EN 213 778 Β minimum groundwater levels. In Figure 2, the drawn water level is the result of the above-mentioned drainage operation with a leak 9. The water collected in the leakage 7 is raised by an ejector water collection device controlled by a NK level switch; as a result of the automatic operation, the differential maintenance of the internal water level h _0Si (Fig. 2) is continuously ensured. In the event of a malfunction of this system 12, which serves to balance the system, any leakage or flow of water through the barrier section b will be prevented by the design of this barrier section as a double plate slit wall. The planar leakage 7 (gravel drain) may be subdivided by a plurality of filtered manholes 15a (only one is used in the installation of Figures 1 and 2), which are distributed at distances adapted to the hydraulic conditions. If the water permeability of the soil is favorable, instead of the flat leaks 7, point wells 16 may be used, which in the case of the present embodiment (Fig. 1) are constructed together with the leaks 7. 1 and 2, or mammoth pumps (not shown), controlled by the differential signal provided by the NK level switch.

In addition to its water extraction function, the drainage shaft 15a has interchangeable filters (not shown), surfactant fillers, adsorbers, dispersants, pH adjusting devices, etc. can also be placed; which one (s) of which we use is determined by knowledge of the particular pollutants present.

The water collected by the spill 7 and pumped from the manhole 15a, optionally treated with a replaceable filter in the manhole 15a, for example, is sprayed through the conduit 18 and sprayed by the nozzle 19 to the surface of the deposit 1 when generated by solid solid waste. (Alternatively, a perforated pipeline may be used to dispense water instead of a nozzle.) In other cases, the pumped water may be inclined towards the internal leakage 7 and / or cascade treatment unit 21, from where the sedimented - purified - water is discharged. Subsequently, through the conduit 23, the soil containing pure groundwater can be discharged through one of the manholes 25b and the sink 11 underneath, so that only hazardous substances precipitated or otherwise separated during treatment are removed and further disposed of.

It should be - as already indicated above - that the present invention is a great advantage that in addition to the regulated ú _column horizontally to the internal water flow balance of more sustainable is critical periods of evaporative losses created by the kipermetezéssel the enclosed barrier wall space. It is noted that ejector or air (mammoth pump) water extraction is very advantageous because it significantly facilitates the process of purifying contaminated water, however, vacuum or self-priming pumps are not excluded for water extraction from the manhole 15a.

The external leakage 9, which has been described in detail, also has an important role in maintaining the internal water balance, which, as mentioned above, has, as mentioned above, a valley 24 which is filled with rock spraying. The water collected by the leak 9 (gravel drain) is discharged into the manholes 25a (Fig. 1), from where they flow through the drain lines 10 to the sinks 11 below the manholes 25b; these ú _No. horizontally (Figure 1) - is able to maintain 15a, 15b megszívott sump water level - the potential level.

If the groundwater in the vicinity of the facility is at rest and there is no detectable fall in the water level, it is not necessary to construct an internal leakage 7 and an external leakage 9; in this case installed sufficient inside and outside ab zárófalszakasz 15a, 15b sump - well pairs - controlled on the basis of differential levels 16 pontkut (s) of operation, which ensures the creation of a sufficient depression to the wetted end wall peripheral part of the _column horizontally substantially same value as the external ground level , preferably 1-2 cm lower. Thus, in such cases, the 16 point well (s) can provide all of the advantages described above.

For the installation of Figures 1 and 2, virtually any time is available for the complete disposal of pollutant components from contaminated soil or groundwater surrounding a barrier wall, and for this purpose, we can select the cheapest and most efficient technology. At the same time, it is well-known that underground walls (slab walls) can only be built at a significant cost. However, the localization of contaminants is extremely important and failure to do so can cause serious problems. Thus, for example, a pollutant well defined by excavation may, for example, "migrate" due to significant amounts of precipitation during extraction, and the resulting changes are virtually impossible to track with extraction technology. However, it has been recognized that in some cases, a relatively short length and top view barrier with a closed curve path, which results in significant cost savings, can provide effective soil water contamination removal by adapting the technical solution to the capabilities of natural groundwater flow. In this respect, it should be noted, first of all, that in the highland areas, but also in the majority of the lowland areas, the "bed" in which the groundwater flows is well defined. 3a, 3b. The flow of groundwater (as in FIG. 1) is indicated by a dashed line and reference letter i for the installation of FIGS.

3a, 3b. Fig. 2b has a top view of a trapezoidal barrier wall (preferably an injected slit wall) extending into the waterproofing soil layer (not shown), generally designated 49, the barrier wall sections e and f of which open to and extend into the groundwater flow direction i. they are bordering on ramparts. The barrier wall section f is substantially perpendicular to the flow direction i and has a leakage 31 on its inner side, i.e. in the cavity 30, extending parallel thereto.

EN 213 778 Β (flat gravel drainage), centered by the manhole 39; it includes interchangeable surfactant filters, charges, adsorbers, dispersants, pH-adjusting devices. Note that a plurality of manholes 32 may be connected to the leakage 31. The suction line 48 of the pump 33 extends into the manhole 32, while a control valve 35 is inserted into the discharge line 34 of this pump, which function will be returned to.

In favorable natural conditions, when the free ends of the barrier wall 49 are enclosed in a geodetic layer of relatively high water level (and in the case of the installation shown in Figures 3a, 3b), some dm groundwater swelling can be created along the main barrier section. provides energy for the pumps 36,36a to drain the higher water level of the manhole 32 and / or the point wells 37, which may be used in place of, or in combination with, the drain 31 and lead to one of the sinks 38a-38c formed by the pebble filter.

Inspection wells 39 (Fig. 3a) are provided at the free ends of these slit wall sections, and control valves 40 are connected to a pump 36 connected to the manhole 32.

The facility also includes a gully 30, which is located at a distance from the leak 31 and is a parallel, sloping, sloping, open-surface collecting duct 41 with air blowers 42 (perforated tubes) into the soil mass beneath the bottom.

In the discharge line 34 of the pump 33, shut-off valves 43 are fitted. The pump 33 is connected via line 47 to the cascade settler 44 and via line 46 to installable (displaceable) nozzles 45a, 45b.

3a, 3b. With the installation shown in Fig. 1b, groundwater contamination is disposed of as follows:

it is assumed that the groundwater flowing in the direction of i flows into the cove 30 with dissolved oil or floating on it. The tensioned water mirror in the drain 31 (gravel drain) is maintained by adjusting the amount of water extraction by adjusting the control valve 35 in the discharge line 34 of the pump 33. The degree of swelling of some dm mentioned above at the main wall section of the closure wall 49 is controlled by the control valve 40 which is operatively connected to the pump 36 by knowing the water level of the inspection wells 39 (which can be detected and recorded in a manner known per se). Due to the energy provided by said swelling, the pump 36 drops the higher water level of the collecting shaft 32 (and the pump 36a is the well 37) and transmits it to the sink 38b. With this continuous flow, the upper layer of the inflated groundwater - the groundwater level in the collecting channel 41 is shown in Fig. 3b. Referred to as _cs , it necessarily passes through an open surface collecting channel 41 (the depth of which is selected accordingly) where, due to the density difference, the contaminant (oil) floating on the open water surface can be removed therefrom by means known in the environment. the raised water can be introduced into the sink 38a without further ado. A more efficient selection of oil contamination can be facilitated by the use of compressed air dispersed through the air vents 42 in the soil / groundwater, which may also facilitate the necessary swelling.

Oxidation and / or precipitation and / or neutralization of contaminants present in the groundwater dissolved in the plant of the present invention may be achieved by appropriate treatment. One of the greatest advantages of the invention is precisely the fact that partial or total localization enables the installation of these time-consuming chemical-biological purification processes without additional contamination of the environment.

In the knowledge of the specific contamination, opening and closing, or simultaneous partial opening, of three shut-off valves 43 mounted in the discharge line 34 of the pump 33 can be used to control the water by withdrawing water directly from the fountain 32 and / or the open surface ) or, for example, split into the cascade settler 44 and the nozzles 45a, 45b, the latter being sprayed with water onto the surface. (As shown in Fig. 3a, the pump 33 is connected via the conduit 50 to the sink 38, which is not connected to the pump 36.) Spraying, of course, entails oxygen uptake that is essential for purification, but the efficiency of biological purification can also be substantially improved. when, in parallel to the spraying, air is dispersed in the groundwater through the troughs (not shown) installed in front of the leakage 31, and the air blowers 42 serve the same purpose. The various interchangeable pads mentioned above in the manhole 32 are primarily chemical treatment tools. The 44 cascade settler can also be subjected to chemical intervention. The discharged purified water can be discharged into clean groundwater through sink 38c.

As is evident from the foregoing, localization through the facility of Figures 3a, 3b not only prevented the transfer of the contaminant, but also effected a minimum of technical intervention for wastewater treatment with the aid of natural self-cleaning to minimize contaminated soil and soil.

4a, 4b. Figures 3 to 5 illustrate a process according to the invention and illustrate a facility for, among other things, disposing of a local contaminant of soil or groundwater, such as petroleum or a hydrocarbon derivative. The spilled material is believed to contain a water-soluble toxic component (s), therefore the gap wall required for localization must be deepened to the water-tight base 52 to prevent the spread of hazardous material (Figure 4b). (If the waterproof bed 52 is within a reasonable reach below the t space, it is always advisable to do so.)

After localization by the closure wall 51 (and, of course, after the further discharge of the contaminant has been eliminated), the closure wall 51 is closed.

A cassette 54 is provided with at least one, preferably truncated, conical water sink 54, and, starting from the slope of these water sump (s), air circuits (tentacles) are installed in the circle (for example, perforated pipes). (Where the minimum possible ground water level thereof is designated with reference letter A _min) of the internal water level h ₀ obtained from an external source 56 through the fill conduit 53 draining soil in the cartridge is increased with pure water until no more than 54 gully bottom level. (The groundwater flow within the cassette was detected by dashed arrows in Fig. 4b.) At this time, the water was flushed with the airflow 54 through a previously installed and connected to a mobile air compressor (not shown) via a collector tube (not shown). on the one hand, on the other hand, contaminated groundwater manipulated by inflated air bubbles is gradually eliminated from the oil contamination and, due to the relative rise _in water level (Fig. 4b), the bumps accumulate in the surface 54 sinks.

The petroleum derivative thus "fattened" and selected can then be extracted and transported from the sink 54 in a manner known per se.

If the pollution is more extensive, more 4a, 4b. The cassette of FIG. 1B can be formed with a slit-wall enclosure, and each of them separately performs the disposal operations detailed above. If necessary, instead of 54 water holes (s), open surface sloping channel (s) can be made in the cartridge (s).

5a, 5b. 1 to 8 illustrate a further preferred form of the groundwater contamination disposal method of the present invention. In this case, it is assumed that the expanding crude oil contaminant does not contain a water-soluble toxic component and / or that the water-impermeable bed 52 is at a depth substantially beyond the rationally achievable depth. In this case, we will not apply the perimeter wall closure 51, which extends as far as the watertight bottom 6. Because of the difference in density, crude oil floats on the surface of the groundwater, it is sufficient to use a floating gap wall below the minimum groundwater level, designated by the letter A _m j _n , as a barrier for cassette formation to prevent its spreading.

In the first step of the decontamination process (of course, after cessation of the spillage of oil to the surface t), preventing the further spreading of the oil within the cassette with a favorable void volume, granular water permeable soil 53, tentacles) which receive their air supply from a collector line 57 connected to a mobile air compressor (not shown) via branch line 55a. The dispersed compressed air fed through the air nozzles 55 raises the groundwater level and the elevated groundwater level as shown in Fig. 5b. FIG denoted with reference letter h _and immediately sets "barrier" further spread of the pollution. Under this protection, the barrier wall 51, which is a cassette and can provide complete protection for the duration of the disposal, may be constructed, preferably as an injected floating slit wall.

The next step within the cassette (where the rest h not exceeding the depth of approx. 2.0 to 2.5 m below t background color _o groundwater level) in the aforementioned h which extends below the groundwater level ₀ (Fig. 5b) bottom level, the open-faced 58 making a ditch (in this case, parallel to the closing wall section 51 of the cassette farther downstream of the cassette) and supplying compressed air in a gravel bed 61 to the bottom of the ditch 58, i.e., a perforated conduit 60 / or air blowers 59 (fan tentacles), which are connected to branch manifold 57 by means of branch lines 59a. It will be appreciated that, especially with larger cassettes, the trench 58 may be circumferentially formed around the cassette walls and thereby around the contaminated soil mass. In this case, the collector line 57 is also a closed loop.

55 and / or 59 légbefüvókkal fed to the ground water-dispersible compressed air air bubble groundwater gradually relieve the kőolajszennyeződéstől, and due to the relative water level increases accumulates (see A, _and water level in Fig. 5b) with the open surface 58 ditch, which in a known manner , eg by means of a separator, it can be removed and transported in collection containers.

Depending on the size of the contaminated area, additional open-surface trench (s) may be opened within each cartridge, and the above operations may be repeated until the area is completely decontaminated. If the contaminated area is large, there are, of course, several cassettes, each of which will have to be disposed of.

To completely regenerate the soil, the perforated pipeline 60 is left in the soil even after the trench 58 has been filled; the surface connection port of this perforated pipe (not shown) allows aeration of soil bacteria.

An essential advantage of the present invention is that it is capable of efficiently and quickly eliminating a wide variety of groundwater contaminants with relatively low cost and minimal energy input, in particular by "in situ" neutralization of the contaminant components, or at least a large proportion thereof.

The invention is, of course, not limited to the embodiments of the methods detailed above or to the illustrated and described embodiments of the facilities, but may be practiced in various ways within the scope of the claims.

Claims (28)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A method of disposing of groundwater contamination, particularly contaminant dissolved in groundwater, which comprises sealing a body of soil containing contaminated groundwater with a quasi-impermeable sealing wall, EN 213 778 Β (A _0S z) equal to or nearly equal to the groundwater level (h _sz , h _d ) formed outside ^the barrier wall, preferably lower than the external groundwater level (ho _SZ ) and thereby prevented or substantially prevented from enclosed soil mass the discharge of contaminated groundwater into the external groundwater through the quasi-barrier wall; and contaminated groundwater is optionally cleaned on site by aeration and / or cascade treatment and / or settling, preferably by replacing the treatment pad (s) in the collection pit (15) for pumping and / or spraying on the surface. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the same groundwater level (hj, h _sz ) is maintained on each side of the barrier wall outside the barrier wall. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the same or substantially the same water level with respect to the flow direction (s) of the groundwater is formed by a flat leak before the front partition wall section (a) and the downstream and downstream flow direction (s). and secured by drainage ducts (10) connected to sinks (11) installed after the section wall section (b). 4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the groundwater is collected from the contaminated soil mass by a flat drain, preferably a gravel drain, or by point well or point wells, and / or directly from the point drain (s). 5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the soil water is removed from the contaminated soil mass by means of pumping, such as an ejector pump or a mammoth pump, to supply air to it. 6. A method according to any preceding claim characterized in that the enclosed operated differential of a function of the pump the groundwater level (h _column) outside the end wall, preferably external gyüjtőkútban and this internal gyüjtőkútban near gyüjtőkút communication with the internal szivárgóval installed detected water level, controlling the water level maintenance after soil ranges. 7. Installations 1-6. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which has a quasi-water barrier wall surrounding a soil mass containing contaminated groundwater, characterized in that it is further distal to and away from the transverse barrier wall section (b) (y) a planar leakage (7) or / and one or more point wells (16) which is preferably parallel to said partition wall section (b), which point point (s) (16) and / or manhole (s) communicating with the leakage point (7) 15a) communicating with a water collection device (12); optionally, there is a planar leakage (9) on the outer side of the front wall section (a) transverse to the flow direction (i) of the groundwater, adjacent thereto, at a distance (x) and preferably parallel to this wall section section (a) integrated, from the bottom of which runs drain ducts (10) which extend into sinks (11) installed after said rear transverse barrier section (b). 8. An installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the sipes (7; 9) and / or pontkut (s) (16) assume the minimum ground water level (h _m i _"f h _m j _n) extends below. Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by a level switch (NK) which senses the difference in groundwater levels inside and outside the barrier and is operatively connected to the water extraction device (12) and controls its operation on the basis of this difference. Installation according to claim 9, characterized in that the duct (27a) extends from the level switch (NK) to the collecting shaft (15a), which is in contact with the inner leakage (7), and to the inner collecting shaft (15a) ) extends to a pipeline (27b) extending to an external collection pit (15b) installed in the vicinity. 11. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the outer sumps (11) extending over the length of the front barrier section (a) with respect to the flow direction (i) of the groundwater are provided with drainage ducts (25a) therefrom. start out; and also collecting sumps (25b) on the sinks (11) into which the drain lines (10) open, said sumps (25b) being behind the closure wall in the said flow direction (i) and viewed from above. 12. A 7-11. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the water extraction device (12) has an ejector pump or / and a mammoth pump. 13. A 7-12. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the water extraction device (12) is connected to a nozzle (19). 14. A 7-13. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that interchangeable filters and / or surfactant fillers and / or adsorbents and / or dispersants in the collection pits (15) and / or point wells (16) associated with the water collection device and / or / or means for adjusting pH; and / or the installation has a water treatment device, such as a cascade operator (21) and a settler (22) connected thereto. 15. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sealing wall (49) is preferably formed as an injection-bonded single or double slit wall (4; 5) with cement binder and, optionally, between the slabs (5a, 5b). water level sensing wells (14) are installed in space and outside the plates (5a, 5b). 16. A process for the disposal of contaminants flowing with groundwater, in particular hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives, such as oil, which comprises separating the contaminant from the water and, optionally, chemical and / or biological treatment, characterized in that forming a cavity (30) open to the flow direction (i) by means of a quasi-watertight barrier wall (49) having a transverse barrier section (f) having a transverse collector (z) 32) or (31) or / and potnkuta (s) (37) traveling with or through mines are installed and then backward (g) Providing a collection channel (41) facing the flow direction, preferably an open surface; passing the groundwater, optionally swollen in the cavity (30), at a level (h _cs ) above the bottom of the collecting channel (41) and removing contaminants from the groundwater flowing through the collecting channel (41). 17. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that a water reflector tensioned with a variable amount of water is removed from the leakage collector shaft (32) and / or point well (37). Method according to Claim 17, characterized in that a swelling of the water flow direction (i) transverse to the groundwater flow direction (i) - preferably a few dm in size - is utilized and the energy thus provided is utilized from the manhole (s) and / or the ground water from (s) (37) is drained and is preferably conveyed to the sink (s) (38a) installed downstream of the cavity (30) in terms of flow direction (s). Method according to claim 18, characterized in that, depending on the water level in the control wells (39) installed at the entrance to the cavity (30), the degree of swelling and the current flow equilibrium is connected to the pump (36, 36a). regulating valve (40). 20. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the collector shaft (32) is provided with a replaceable filter and / or surfactant charge and / or adsorber and / or dispersant feeder and / or pH adjusting device. 21. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein air is dispersed in the groundwater mass below or downstream of the collecting channel (41) in order to improve the selection of contamination in the collecting channel (41). 22. A 16-21. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that water is pumped from the manhole (32) and / or the manhole (s) (37) and / or the manifold (41) into a sink (38a, 38b) or / or treatment unit, e.g. transferring it to the settler (44) or spraying it onto the space (t) within the cavity (30). 23. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has a cavity (30) bordered by a quasi-water barrier barrier (49), preferably lowered into a waterproofing soil, which barrier (49) opposite lateral divergent barrier wall sections (e) extending in opposite directions; a planar trap (31) or at least one spout (37) communicating with the transverse barrier section (f), at least one manhole (32) in the cavity (30), or / and point (s) (37), extending from the inside to the trap (31) or / and a gutter (41) at a distance (g) from the point well (s), preferably an open surface; the collecting pit (32) or / and point well (37) communicating with the pump (33) via a suction line (48); and sinks of the facility, where applicable (38a, 38b, 38c). Installation according to Claim 23, characterized in that a variable valve (35) is provided in the discharge line (50) of the pump (33) to allow variable amounts of water to be withdrawn. An installation according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that it has one or more nozzles (45a, 45b) associated with the pump (33) and a control unit, such as a cascade settler (44), and the pump (33) In the conduits (46,47,50) connecting the nozzle or nozzles (45a, 45b), the control unit and the at least one sink (38b), closures (43), preferably gate valves, are provided. 26. A 23-25. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the collecting shaft (32) or / and the point well (s) (37) have pumps (36,36a). preferably discharged into a sink (38a) and having a valve (40) operable in response to the water levels detected in the inspection wells (39) located in the area of the entrance to the cavity (30). 27. A method of disposing of groundwater contamination, comprising: providing compressed air dispersed in the soil mass containing the contaminated groundwater, thereby raising the level of the contaminated groundwater to a subsoil, ), such as oil or hydrocarbon derivatives, is forced upward by manipulating the air bubbles; in the impingement (s), contamination from the groundwater entering it is removed from the surface of the groundwater. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the recess (s) is / are fed as water sink to enhance the water leveling effect of the dispersed compressed air.