RU2757727C1 - Method for protecting a water body from diffusion pollution - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environmental protection.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular, to protection of open water bodies from diffuse sources of pollution, including agricultural fields. The surface runoff formed as a result of snow melt or a large amount of precipitation is intercepted by a drainage trench 1 with a non-filtering bottom and walls and with a water-protective shield 3, followed by being redirected through a system of pipes protected with a mesh filter to a filtering trench 2 filled with a filtering material 7, with a tray channel 5 with perforated walls 6 located therein, filled with an adsorbent 8. The bottom of the filtering trench 2 is protected with a non-filtering material, e.g., bentonite mats 4 with a laminated layer, preventing the polluted water from being filtered into the soil. Passing through the filtering trench 2, the surface runoff is purified from suspended substances, and passing through the tray channel 5 with an adsorbent 8 - from dissolved polluting substances.

EFFECT: application of the invention provides a possibility of preventing the entry of pollutants with diffuse runoff from agricultural fields into water bodies and eutrophication thereof without disturbing the water balance of the territories.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to the field of protection of open water bodies from diffusion pollution, including from agricultural fields.

State of the art

A known method of protecting a water body from pollution, including the device of drainage elements of open and closed types, the device of reservoirs for collecting contaminated water and drainage of contaminated water, where the drainage elements of the open type are arranged in the form of internal and external collection ditches and a diversion ditch [1].

The disadvantage of this method is its laboriousness, the polluted runoff is intercepted and discharged into the storage tank, the further system of utilization of the trapped polluted water and the system of their return to the water body have not been considered.

There is a known method of protecting a reservoir from pollution, including a device in the body of the slope of the reservoir of drainage elements in one or more tiers, consisting of working and outlet parts, where, when installing drainage elements in several tiers, first, at each outlet of the outlet parts of the drainage elements of each tier, technical sites with a hard surface, starting from the uppermost, and then arrange a road for the passage of motor vehicles, connecting all technical sites, from each technical site in the slope array below the diverting parts of the drainage elements at a depth at which their bottom is at least 0, 5-1 m below the water level in the reservoir, collecting containers are arranged to intercept the filtering ground water flow contaminated with harmful substances, and the lower outlet openings of the drainage elements of the drainage elements, sloping towards the reservoir, are brought directly into the collecting containers, and the collecting containers themselves I supply t with opening covers, through which it is possible to pump out contaminated water with harmful substances coming from the working and outlet parts of the drainage elements, while pumping out the contaminated filtered soil flow is carried out using pumping equipment installed on a road transport with a tank for transporting liquid waste, and is transported to the station of treatment facilities [2].

The disadvantage of this method is the high resource consumption, the need to pump out and transport the captured polluted runoff.

The closest is the method of cleaning surface runoff from the territory of railway stations and tracks [3, 4]. This method includes a trench with a non-filtering bottom, filled with filter media - ion-exchange material (clinoptilolite). Above the filter material, higher aquatic plants are placed, which act as a biofilter.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to use higher aquatic plants, which implies the creation of a sufficiently high moisture content for their growth and development, as well as a high risk of their uncontrolled spread, which will affect the productivity of agricultural fields and lead to their clogging and increase the cost of combating weeds ...

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to protect a water body from diffusion pollution from agricultural fields by intercepting and cleaning surface runoff during snowmelt and a large amount of precipitation by creating a trench with a non-filtering bottom in the flow path, in which a filtering load - ion-exchange material is loaded inside a trough channel with perforated walls made of fiberglass and placed in a trench near the wall closest to the water body, on the opposite side, to the side of the trough channel and on top of it, filling with filter material is carried out - crushed stone with a size of 20x40 mm and an anti-filtration screen is arranged, fixing the wall of the trench higher up the slope terrain, a drainage trench with a non-filtering cover adjoins the anti-seepage screen, from which the captured surface runoff is discharged into a trench filled with filtering material through a pipe system.

The technical result of the proposed invention is:

- Prevention of pollution with diffuse runoff from agricultural fields,

- maintaining the water balance of the territories,

- prevention of pollution of water bodies,

- prevention of the development of eutrophication in water bodies.

The technical result is achieved by means of a device, in the direction perpendicular to the slope of the terrain, a drainage trench with a non-filtering bottom and walls and a water shield, which delays and redirects excess surface runoff into the drainage trench, from which the water flow enters the filtering trench, where through the filter material and through the holes in the perforated walls of the trough channel, it enters the filler from the ion-exchange adsorbent - vermiculite, upon interaction with which the water is purified from the chemicals dissolved in it, taken out from the agricultural fields.

To achieve the technical result, in front of the territory that closes the placement of agricultural fields in the drainage basin, in the direction perpendicular to the slope of the terrain, a drainage trench is arranged with a small terrace oriented upward along the slope of the terrain. The terrace, the adjacent slope of the trench and the bottom are made of non-filtering material, for example, reinforced concrete slabs (option, monolithic plastic sheets, etc.). A filter trench is set up next to the drainage trench, the depth of which exceeds the depth of the drainage trench by about 2-3 times. A water-retaining screen made of reinforced concrete slabs (or plastic sheets) is installed between the drainage and filtering trenches, protruding above the earth's surface by an amount greater than the maximum surface runoff from the drainage area being developed in mm. The bottom of the filter trench is filled with non-filtering material such as bentonite mats with a laminated layer. To the wall of the trench, located lower along the slope of the terrain, fiberglass trays of a parabolic shape with perforated walls are installed joint to joint, forming a tray channel. The trough channel is installed below the surface of the earth by ~ 0.1 m, after which it is filled with an ion-exchange adsorbent, for example, vermiculite, with a fraction size of 20-25 mm. Next, the filtering trench is backfilled with crushed stone with a fraction size of 20 × 40 mm, which is placed on the side and on top of the trough channel to the level of the ground surface. Both trenches communicate with each other through a system of pipes (d = 40-50 mm) made of fiberglass or other suitable material with a protective cap in the form of a mesh filter made of synthetic material with a hole size of up to 20 mm. The pipes are located ~ 0.05 m higher than the bottom of the catchment trench to prevent sediment ingress. The width of the catchment trench is determined by both the maximum amount of atmospheric precipitation and the width of the device used to clean it from sediments.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved by intercepting the surface runoff with suspended substances in it by means of a water-retaining screen and a catchment trench, in which, due to a change in the flow rate and direction of movement, most of the suspended substances are deposited. Water, through a system of pipes, from the catchment trench by gravity flows into the filtering trench located below the slope of the terrain, where, passing through the filtering material, it is cleared of the rest of the suspended solids. Further, through the holes (~ 15 mm in size) in the perforated walls of the trough channel made of mesh-fiber, the water enters the ion-exchange adsorbent placed in it, where it is purified from the dissolved pollutants present in it, removed from agricultural fields, and then filtered into the soil massif.

Implementation of the invention

The method of protecting a water body from diffusion pollution works as follows. Surface runoff, flowing down the slope of the terrain, enters the drainage trench 1 from which then into the filtering trench 2. Between the trenches there is a water retention screen 3 with culverts with a diameter of 40 mm located parallel to the bottom of the drainage trench, protected by a mesh filter made of synthetic material with a hole size of 2 -5 mm. The bottom of the filtering trench is protected by a deck made of bentonite mats with a laminated layer 4. To the lower slope of the terrain the slope of the filtering trench is placed a channel made of fiberglass trays 5 of parabolic shape with perforated walls (hole size 15 mm) - 6. The filtering trench is filled with crushed stone with a size of 20 × 40 mm - 7. The trough channel is filled with an adsorbent with a fraction size of 20-25 mm - 8.

By capturing surface runoff and filtering it through a filter material and an adsorbent, it is cleared of suspended solids and dissolved chemical compounds carried out from the fields.

List of sources used

1. RU 2441963 C1 IPC E02B 3/16 E02B 11/00. Balzannikov M.I., Bolotova A.A. A method for protecting a water body from pollution.

2. RU 2 392 375 С2 IPC Е02В 3/04 Е02В 11/00. Balzannikov M.I., Bolotova A.A. A way to protect a reservoir from pollution.

3. Asonov, AM, Ilyasov, OR, Borisova, GM, Kholopov, Yu.A. Ecological and economic efficiency of modern technologies for treatment of surface runoff of railway stations and tracks // Water and ecology: problems and solutions. 2018. No. 4 (76). - S. 42-50. DOI: 10.23968 / 2305-3488.2018.23.4.42-50.

4. RU 2149836 C1 IPC C02F 3/32. Asonov, A.M. and Ilyasov O.R. (1998). Phyto filter for wastewater treatment.

Claims (1)

The method of protecting a water body from diffusion pollution is a trench with a non-filtering bottom, filled with a filtering load - an ion-exchange material, characterized in that the ion-exchange material is loaded inside a chute channel with perforated walls, made of fiberglass and placed inside the trench at the wall closest to the water body, and on the opposite side, on the side of the trough channel, backfilling is carried out with filtering material - crushed stone with a size of 20 × 40 mm, an anti-filtration screen is arranged, fixing the upper wall of the trench along the slope of the terrain, a drainage trench with a non-filtering coating adjoins the anti-filtration screen, from which surface runoff is captured discharged into a trench filled with filter material through a pipe system.

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