HU208900B - Process and plant for neutralizing sewage comprising organic contamination - Google Patents

Abstract

The waste water is mechanically pre-treated then it is percolated through the soil of a plantation, of trees or other. The water thus filtered and to some extent biologically purified is collected by gravity. - A second, or further, similar, stages of purificn. may be utilised. Equipment is proposed, comprising a header, distribution pipework and a second treatment stage with sprays, connected by a pressure pipe and pref. served by a pump.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process and an installation for the disposal of wastewater containing organic contaminants.

High-volume organic wastewater - which comes primarily from certain food businesses, such as sugar factories and the organic chemical industry - plays a decisive role in the recipient's organic matter load. One of the characteristics of such wastewater is that its organic pollutant content is predominantly dissolved and in a colloidal state and its suspended solids content is negligible when properly pre-treated.

Traditionally, two-stage or multi-stage artificial biological or physico-chemical purification methods have been used to dispose of high organic matter wastewater. However, the specific investment and operating costs of these methods are very high and the quality indicators of the treated wastewater mostly do not reach the required quality values. Wastewater that has undergone such pre-treatment may also be used in various wastewater irrigation systems if these systems are designed so that the quality of the wastewater (soil filtered) that passes through the soil meets the criteria for release to the receiving water (eg natural stream). It is well known that even if the soil biological effluent is well contaminated, such as food industry wastewater irrigation can not be adequately treated even with good soil biological treatment efficiency. After mechanical pre-treatment of food wastewater, it can be placed on tree plantations or other utilizable crop plants, and the possibility of biological purification can be obtained by I. Kemény, Dr. A. Blumm, Dr. Csaba

L.: "Treatment of food by-products, waste and sewage sludge, industrial and agricultural utilization" (DEEP PLAN, Budapest, 1984) discusses the breakdown by industry (eg alcoholic starch, dairy, meat, canning, sugar, etc.).

The possibilities of storing wastewater in tree nurseries are described by I. Gál, Z. Tihanyi, K. Tompa and L Vermes: “The role of tree plantations in the placement and utilization of wastewater” (VIZDOK 87., Budapest, 1977). This topic can be considered to be related to L. Őri .: “Application of soil drainage in sewage irrigation plants. The results of technical development of water management ”(OVH-VIZDOK, Budapest, 1978). The purification effect of soils is described by Dr. Vermes L .: "Lysimeter study of sewage purification capacity of the Danube-Tisza sand soils" (Water Communications, LXX Vol. 2, 1988, Budapest).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an economical method of disposing of wastewater containing high specific amounts of organic matter in dissolved form, particularly food and / or organic chemical wastewater, which provides optimum results from both environmental and public health aspects. and forestry.

The invention is based on the discovery that irrigation of wastewater on tree plantations and other plant crops, without the need for a mechanical cleaning facility, except mechanical pre-cleaning, is the cheapest way to dispose of it, and the problem is that wastewater from such systems In conventional processes, the quality of the product does not reach the required limits for transferability to the recipient by collecting waste water that leaks through the soil and watering it at least once more in another agricultural or forestry area. The wastewater discharged from this second (or even further) stage already largely meets the quality requirements of the regulations.

Based on this discovery, the object of the present invention has been solved by a process, optionally followed by mechanical treatment of the wastewater for irrigation, characterized in that a first stage of the wastewater is applied to the soil in a tree plantation and / or other crop area. and drain irrigated with other plantation (s) and / or crop (s) to the second stage or further stages with the wastewater collected by gravity collection, soil filtered and partially biologically purified (decomposed). The wastewater fed in the first stage usually seeps into the soil within a few days and the so-called water capacity exceeding the water capacity of the soil is reached. gravity water can be collected and used in the second stage for irrigation.

In a preferred embodiment of the process, mechanical pre-treatment of the wastewater involves the separation of high organic matter floating materials, which may be useful, and / or homogenizing the wastewater and / or adjusting its pH (pH). According to another aspect of the invention, in the first stage of soil biological purification, the waste water is discharged to a soil surface drainage plant or a irrigation sewage disposal plant; in this case, it is expedient to direct the wastewater in the first stage of natural soil biological purification to a strip plantation for flood irrigation. Another preferred embodiment of the process is characterized by measuring the amount and / or content of sewage collected, soil filtered and partially biodegraded in the first soil biological purification step before being fed to the second soil biological purification step. It is also preferred that in the second stage of soil biological purification, partially purified wastewater is fed by underground leakage irrigation to a irrigation plant containing a tree plantation and / or other crop. Of course, it is also possible to choose a different irrigation method in the second stage (and possibly further stages) for the irrigation of soil biologically pre-treated wastewater; and, for example, drip, irrigation or surface irrigation techniques, which may be used in combination with underground drainage irrigation.

The facility for carrying out the procedure

EN 208 900 Β means that for the implementation of the first stage of biological soil remediation, a sewage treatment plant containing branched distribution pipes from the main pressure pipeline transporting raw sewage effluent, optionally mechanically, and a second stage of sewage sludged and partly biological effluent There is an irrigation station for step irrigation, which is connected to the sewage disposal plant via a line, preferably a pressure line containing a lifting structure. Depending on the organic matter load of the wastewater or / and depending on the physical, chemical and bacteriological conditions of the soil, additional purification steps (steps) may be applied by collecting the free fraction of water leaking into the soil at the second purification stage - now in its purest state - irrigated at a third irrigation plant. These operations can be repeated as long as the required purification of the wastewater is not achieved or until the amount of water is sufficient to meet the plant's water requirement.

A preferred embodiment of the installation is characterized by the fact that the sewage disposal plant has transverse troughs, preferably parallel to each other, having a trapezoidal section narrowing downwards and separating them from each other; hydrants connected to the distribution line are installed in the trough; underneath the ridges are soil pipes which are connected to a collecting drain line connected to a pressure line leading to the irrigation plant. Depending on the terrain conditions, the sewage is transported through hydrants installed in suitable locations to the troughs, which, depending on the characteristics of the soil and the sewage, discharge into the soil within a few days and then over the water capacity. gravity water - that is, partially filtered from the already filtered water - enters the soil pipes, which act as dams, which act as barriers between the turtles, which prevent the flow of sewage from one to the other, and from there to the drainage pipes. Thanks to the evaporation effect of trees, tree rearing reduces the amount of wastewater leaked.

In another embodiment, the drainage station is connected to the irrigation plant by a discharge line which also serves as a discharge basin, from which the gravity feed line of the irrigation plant exits, and is connected to the sluice they are interconnected through overflows; and at least two overflow lines connected to each manhole, the inlet and outlet ports of which are at different heights.

It is also preferred that the sewage disposal plant has outlet valves that can be individually controlled by a gate valve and individually adjustable for the amount of water discharged. Thanks to this solution, site-wide sewage management is possible, which allows for an improvement and adjustment of treatment efficiency through optimal volume distribution, residence time and adjustable refilling options.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate possible embodiments of the process and illustrate exemplary facilities for use in the process. In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a possible treatment at the place of production of the waste water to be disposed, such as a food processing plant;

Figure 2 also illustrates a preferred embodiment of the first stage of the process of the invention via a block diagram;

3a-3d. Figures 3 to 5 show some possible embodiments of a second stage of the process according to the invention also by way of block diagrams;

Figure 4 is a schematic top view of an exemplary embodiment of a surface sewage disposal plant for use in the process of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 4;

Figure 6 is a sectional view taken along the line C-C in Figure 4;

Figure 7 shows a preferred embodiment of an underground irrigation plant for carrying out the second stage of the process according to the invention;

Figure 8 is a larger sectional view taken along line B-B in Figure 7.

Prior to the application of the process according to the invention, and in the course of this process, the wastewater must be subjected to a pretreatment, whereby useful, high organic matter floating impurities are removed from the raw sewage and the pH is adjusted to the optimum value, if necessary. Figure 1 illustrates a possible way of such pre-treatment within a factory (e.g. a sugar factory) in a process step (block diagram), with arrows between the blocks (as in Figures 2 and 3a-3d) illustrating the direction of the technological movement of the wastewater. Stage a corresponds to the generation or collection of sewage (industrial wastewater or industrial wastewater mixed with municipal wastewater), whereas stage b is used for the separation of the recoverable organic matter, preferably by mechanical filtration (optionally after homogenization). In step c, the pH of the effluent is adjusted to an optimum value, and in step d the effluent is conveyed to the pumping shaft (in other words, the irrigation pump shaft).

In Figure 2, the process according to the invention is natural

The first stage of biological purification of HU 208 900 Β was detected through a block diagram. In this step, the waste water is received at the sewage disposal plant, while in the main stage, the waste water is filled in the irrigation elements (e.g., grooves, lanes, ditches, etc.), preferably through the hydrants of the settling plant discharge pipe. In the Ag stage, the pre-treated (Figure 1) sewage is drained into the soil, in other words, filtered water is transferred to the soil pipe system (drainage system). Stage h corresponds to the process step of feeding the filtered water (preferably by gravity) directly or indirectly to a collecting pit. Finally, in phase i, the filtered water of the soil is fed (preferably gravitationally) directly or via a main manhole.

3a-3d. Figures 1 to 5 show some possible solutions for the second phase of natural soil biological purification through block diagrams.

3a. In the solution of FIG. 2, the filtered groundwater from the first stage of FIG. water is gravitationally discharged into the manifold and through its hydrants into the manifold (see also Figures 7 and 8). In step l, the filtered water is drained gravitationally from the manhole to irrigation soil pipes (drainage pipes) located in the depth of the root zone. In step m, the water (irrigation water) discharged through the drainage pipes then seeps into the soil where it partly fills the capillary pores of the soil and partly serves the water requirements of the plants.

3b. In the technological process illustrated in FIG. 5A, the filtered water in step j in the first stage of biological soil purification is again conveyed to the highest point of the storage site, which is a drip irrigation plant. In step n, the irrigation water is subjected to a linen filtration according to the needs of the irrigation elements; distributing the water supply of the plants according to the water demand of the plants, and then distributing the irrigation water to the soil through the irrigation elements,

3c. In the case of Fig. 1A, the first stage (Fig. 2) is used for irrigation of irrigated irrigation plant, arable land or other crop crops. In this case, step j also indicates that the irrigation water is conveyed to the sprinkler irrigation plant equalization reservoir; and, in step o, fed from the equalization reservoir by means of irrigation pumps to the irrigation network lines, distributed as required; finally, the irrigation water is irrigated to the area through mobile irrigation devices connected to the hydrants of the irrigation line, in portions and distributions appropriate to the water requirements of the plants.

3d. FIG. 2A utilizes the ground-filtered water from the first stage (FIG. 2) at a surface irrigation plant; for watering lawns or other crops. In step j, in the first stage (Fig. 2), filtered soil irrigation water is fed to the surface irrigation plant equalization reservoir, and in stage p, the irrigation water is distributed through irrigation network wires using irrigation pumps, and the irrigation or ground. THE

4-6. Figures 1 to 5 show an exemplary sewage treatment plant 1 or section of plant for carrying out the first soil biological purification step according to the process, whereby the waste water, after having passed the factory pre-treatment stage according to Fig. 1, There are troughs (strips) 5 transverse to each other, preferably perpendicularly perpendicular to the distribution line 3, which are separated by crests 6. A low-height charge 22 extends above the distribution line 3 as well. The troughs have a tapered trapezoidal cross-section and their bottoms can be maintained continuously by agricultural methods to provide three-phase soil. In the course of this maintenance work, the bottom filter surface of the troughs (ditches) is periodically and, where necessary, limeed to form a three-phase soil; in order to increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment, soil loosening and soil rotation are used, at the same time as an additional filter layer, possibly with various organic substances such as peat, lignite, etc. They are used to convert organic matter into structural soils, which provide increased cleaning efficiency. The crests 6 have a downwardly expanding trapezoidal cross-section, the upper surface width being selected according to the technology and crop culture in question; their surface is usually wooded or vegetated, and their distance from each other is a function of the land balance depending on the volume of the troughs (ditches) formed between them.

Each trough 5 has its own unique hydrants (or groups of hydrants) for flood irrigation, the formation of which depends on the prevailing terrain conditions and the nature of the site. The lockability of the hydrants 4 and / or groups of hydrants to be handled during operation is provided by the irrigation gate valves 18 (Fig. 4) which are connected to the hydrants 4 via conduits 19, 20, 21. Underneath the crotches 6 are perforated soil pipes 7 (drainage pipes) which are connected to a drain line 8 partially parallel to the distribution line 3, under the filling 22, which is indicated by the dotted line 5 (irrigation strips). In the first stage, 17 gauges (flow measurement) and 14 lifting gears (Fig. 4) are inserted, the latter of which runs through 15 pressure lines. On the crest 6 the trees 16 are shown with crosses in Figures 4 and 5 and in Fig. 6 are shown. The preferred dimensions of the tree plantation are as follows: the irrigation strips, i.e. the 5 troughs, are 4.0 m wide and the crotches are 6.0 m wide, but they can be of any length. Their excavation is basically done with a depth of 50 cm - aiming for a land balance. The 7 soil pipes are deep4

HU 208 900 Β ge is preferably between 1,201.40 m below the respective bottom of the turtle. The wastewater treatment plant designed as described above adapts to soil cultivation and maintenance as well as forest management and maintenance requirements.

Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the construction of an underground irrigation plant 23 for carrying out a second soil biological purification step of the process of the invention. In the first stage, soil-filtered wastewater arrives at the irrigation plant 23 via conduit 8 and

4-6. 5a, through the gauge 17 and lifting member 14 also referred to in Figures 1 to 5, into the discharge line 15, which flows into the balancing tank 9. The leveling reservoir 9 also functions as the pressure pool of the system at the highest point of the furnished irrigation area or minimally raised. From this leveling reservoir 9, the filling line 10 exits, which is connected to the drainage system installed below the surface by inserting the valves 31 and manholes 11; the drain pipes are designated by 12 reference numerals. The filling line 10 is connected to the drain pipes 12 through the manholes 11 as shown in FIG. It is controlled by sliders 31 which are incorporated in the connecting lines 24 (Fig. 8); the actuator arms of the valves 31 are denoted by reference numeral 25 and the field-level lid by reference numeral 26. Depending on the amount of water and the configuration of the system, the control valves open at the same time provide the irrigation water to the various units of the irrigation station 23. They are all part of the system. also overflow lines 13 connecting manholes; the other overflow line 13 always starts at a higher level than the overflow line 13 which is fed into one manhole 11.

The aforementioned waste water treatment plant 1 and irrigation plant 23 are operated as follows:

Depending on the characteristics of the wastewater from the main pressure line 2 shown in Figure 4, for example the factory pre-treated wastewater according to Figure 1, the wastewater discharged into the trough 5 through the distribution line 3 and the hydrants 4 will leak into the soil in four to ten days naturally decreases) and then over the water capacity, so-called. gravity water, which in this case means filtered water through the soil pipes 7 installed under the crests 6, is discharged into the collecting duct 8 and through it to the irrigation plant 23 (7 and 8) Fig. 1) is connected to a pressure line 15. The remaining wastewater discharged to the sewage disposal plant 1, not evaporated and not collected by the discharge line 15, is used to feed the trees 16 (Figs. 4-6) or other crops. The soil-filtered water arriving at the irrigation station 23 (Figures 7 and 8) is discharged from the discharge line 15 into the equalization reservoir 9, after reaching a defined water level, through the filling line 10 into the manholes 11 and through the perforated drainage network 12. It comes. After filling the first section of the drainage system (irrigation element) in the area which is operatively dominated by one of the irrigation valves 31, the overflow lines 13 connecting each manhole 11 transfer the excess water to the other 12 drainage pipes of the irrigation element and into its own drains . Depletion of the capacity of the drainage pipes 12 in the manhole 11 and their associated elevation increases the gravity of the excess water through the overflow line 13 to the next manhole 11 (see arrows in Fig. 7), whereupon the water flows into further drains 12. By repeating the way the waste water flows into the soil, it ensures that the pores in the soil are evenly filled with water and that the plants grown on the soil have a sufficient water supply. The overflow lines 13 further provide an overflow of the compensation tank 9 in the closed position of the control valves 31 or in the event of a malfunction or blockage of the filling line 10 or the continuation of irrigation via the filling line 10. By appropriately selecting the leveling of the interconnection lines 24 and the outflows of the overflow lines 13 into the manholes 11, automatic delivery of irrigation water to the empty or partially filled drainage pipes 12 of the drainage network can be ensured. The perforated drainage pipes 12 are laid, in a manner known per se, into a soil filtration layer through which irrigation water leaks into the soil and is used therein, in a manner known per se, to feed a crop.

Of course, instead of, or in combination with, the irrigation station 23 of Figures 7 and 8, other methods of irrigation such as various types of field irrigation, drip irrigation, etc., are known. can also be used as a second soil biological purification step of the process of the invention.

The advantage of the process according to the invention is that, apart from the mechanical pre-treatment of the factory, only waste water with very high, typically dissolved organic matter content (COD = 2000-5000 mg / l) is safe both from an environmental and public health point of view. , provides a reassuring, flawless disposal. Due to the natural biological purification process of the present invention, not only the artificial (partial) biological purification processes and their costly equipment, which have been conventionally used for this purpose, can be omitted, but also organic pollutants of natural origin and concentrated in industrial technological processing are completely harmless, environmentally friendly way - they are returned to the cycle of nature as useful nutrients. Our process significantly reduces the specific cleaning costs, both in terms of investment and operation, compared to traditional methods.

The invention is, of course, not limited thereto

The process of the invention is described in detail above, but can be carried out in several ways within the scope defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS A process for the disposal of wastewater containing organic contaminants, in particular food and / or organic chemicals, optionally followed by mechanical treatment of the effluent for irrigation, characterized in that the effluent is first trickled into the soil of a tree plantation and / or other crop crop. , and irrigating other tree plantation (s) and / or crop (s) in a second stage, or further stages, with gravity collected, soil filtered and partially biologically purified (decomposed) sewage. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that mechanical pre-treatment of the wastewater involves the separation of high organic matter floating materials, optionally useful, and / or homogenizing the wastewater and / or adjusting its pH (pH). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the first stage of soil biological purification, the waste water is discharged to a surface sewage disposal plant or to an irrigation sewage disposal plant. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first natural soil biological purification step is to direct the wastewater to a strip plantation for flood irrigation. 5. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the amount and / or content of sewage collected, filtered and partially biodegraded in the first soil biological treatment step is measured prior to feeding to the second soil biological treatment step. 6. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the second soil biological purification step is fed the partially purified wastewater by underground leakage irrigation to a irrigation plant containing a tree plantation and / or other crop. 7. Installations 1-6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first stage of soil biological purification comprises a sewerage plant (1) containing branched distribution pipes (3) from the main pressure pipeline (2) carrying raw sewage water, optionally mechanically pretreated, and and a second irrigation station (23) for irrigating partly soil-treated wastewater, which is connected to the wastewater station (1) by a conduit, preferably a discharge line (15) comprising a lifting structure (14). Installation according to Claim 7, characterized in that the sewage disposal plant (1) has transverse - preferably parallel - downwardly tapering trapezoidal sections (5) to the distribution lines (3) and separating them from each other (6); the hydrants (4) connected to the distribution lines (3) are installed in the troughs (5); beneath the crests (6), which are planted with trees (16) or other vegetation, are soil pipes (7) which are connected to a collecting drain (8) connected to a pressure line (15) leading to the irrigation plant (23). 9. An installation according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the discharge line (15) connecting the sewage disposal plant (1) to the irrigation plant (23) flows into a balancing tank (9) which also serves as a discharge basin for the wastewater plant (23). 23) exits a respective gravity filling line (10) with which manifolds (11) are connected by inserting gate valves (31), from which the drainage pipes (12) embedded in the ground are branched and the manholes (11) are connected to one another by gravity overflow lines (13). connection; and at least two overflow pipes (13) connected to each manhole (11), the inlet and outlet ports of which are at different heights. Installation according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the drainage plant (1) has individually controlled and individually adjustable outlet hydrants (4) for the amount of water discharged by means of a slide valve (18).