HU205280B - Hammer grinder for crushing, reducing metal objects - Google Patents

Abstract

A hammermill of the shredder type, in which large metallic objects such as automobiles can be shredded into small pieces, has a grating (20) surrounding a rotor (14) having a series of hammers, the tips of which follow a circular path around the rotor. Discharge openings (22) can be varied in size to allow the passage of larger or excess shredded pieces by pivotal movement of a ''key'' device (24) and/or by opening of an ejection door (28).

Description

Scope of the description: 8 pages (including 4 pages)

EN 205280 Β

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to hammer crushing metal objects, in particular to crushing small metal objects, such as car tires, into smaller parts.

Crusher-type hammer mills are known, among others, from U.S. Pat. No. 3,489,078 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,545,690. The essence of the operation of such hammer mills is that the metal object to be crushed collides with hammers rotated at high speed around the shaft, thereby achieving a crushing, destructive, shredding effect. During operation, the tip of the hammers describes a circular path. Hammers break smaller pieces of metal from the collision. The roundabouts of the hammers are surrounded by a scarf-skeleton, a grid, the openings of which are so large that only metal pieces below the desired size can be left out. Larger pieces remain in the system and collide with the hammers again until the required size is reached.

The drawback of the above solutions is that the desired destruction and shredding of large, thick and particularly hard hard parts requires significantly more time and energy, which may not be proportional to the result achieved, and may result in premature wear and possibly damage to parts of the equipment.

It is an object of the invention to eliminate or at least alleviate the above problem.

The task to be solved is to create a hammer mill that is suitable for the properties of the metal objects to be processed and their parts - their dimensions, hardness, etc. - Provides an appropriately adjusted setting, which saves the equipment and saves energy.

The hammer mill, designed to solve the problem, has a drive shaft coupled to a rotary drive, a hammer connected to the drive shaft, arranged around the drive shaft, and a mesh of a circular casing or circular casing arranged around the rotary hammers, provided with outlet openings for shredded metal pieces. According to the invention, the hammer crusher is provided with an opening regulating means, which is arranged in a relative position relative to the outlet openings of the fiber-like jacket and, depending on its relative position, changes the dimensions of the outlet openings.

According to the invention, in the fiber-like jacket, the discharge opening is preferably larger than the maximum cross-section of the outlet openings, which is provided with an opening / closing closure.

The closure cap is preferably connected hinged along one edge of the discharge opening to the fiber-like jacket so that it closes the discharge opening in a resting position, but can be freely opened to force. In such a configuration, larger pieces of metal of greater weight and size that are more difficult to crush, shred and disintegrate than the remainder of the fissure sheath, will be lifted from the inside by the collar of the discharge opening, and the cover will be lifted through the discharge opening. .

The closure can, of course, be formed in a different form, such as an externally lockable and openable version. In this case, the operator of the device opens the closing cover at the right moment, and after the oversized piece or pieces have left through the discharge opening, the closing lid is locked again in the closed position.

The closure cover itself should also be provided with outlet openings similar to the fiber-like jacket.

The discharge opening with the closure lid is preferably located on the upper part of the fiber-like jacket, aligned with the upper section of the circular path of the hammers, above the drive shaft.

According to the invention, the opening regulator preferably has inserts which are adjustable in relation to the outlet openings of the fibrous casing. The inserts can be fastened in the outlet openings of the fiber-like jacket, in the outlet openings, or in the position fitted to the outlet openings. In this position, the inserts are divided into smaller openings, thus allowing only small size shreds and pieces of metal to escape. In this "closed position", the inserts can be locked. In the position away from the outlet flanges of the other fiber-like sheaths, there is no need for a separate fastening or locking. In the latter position of the inserts, the outlet openings of the fiber-like jacket take up their maximum cross-section.

The aperture-bearing opening device carrying the inserts can be hingedly connected to the fiber-like jacket, wherein the pivot axis defined by the hinge is substantially parallel to the drive shaft of the hammer.

The aperture control means should be arranged so that its inserts along the circular path of the hammers are disposed in the circumference of the arc that is diametrically opposed to the location of the metal objects to be processed.

The invention will now be described with reference to the drawing. In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a hammer mill according to the invention;

Fig. 2 shows some of the inserts of the hammer crusher opening regulator of Fig. 1 in the front view A of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an exploded frontal view of a fiber-like jacket of the hammer mill shown in Fig. 1;

Figure 4a shows a hammer mill according to the invention as an example! 4c), the fiber-like jacket and the aperture control device are depicted in a closed relative position, in a perspective view.

As shown in FIG. 1, the hammer mill (10) according to the invention has a metering opening (12) for receiving metal objects to be processed from a dispensing device not shown in the drawing, to which the non-labeled cutting beam can be attached to facilitate the uptake of forces during the crushing process. The hammer mill (14) (10) has a rotating drum,

205 205 is mounted on a drive shaft (16) connected to a rotary drive. Hammers are arranged on the rotary drum (18) so that the hills of the hammers (18) are arranged along a circular path around the drive shaft (16).

The hammers (18) rotate at high speed on a circular path and collide with the metal object to be processed and tear parts thereof, as described in the U.S. Patent Specifications mentioned in the prior art section.

A fiber-like jacket is arranged around the rotating drum (14), at least along one of its curves (20), the outlets (22) of which allow the hammers to be torn from the metal object by the hammers, the dimensions of which allow it and the device (a). 22) exit through outlets.

The parts whose dimensions do not allow the exit of the outlet openings (22) to remain in the space between the rotating drum (14) and the fiber-like jacket (20) will continue to interact with the hammers until their size is crushing and deformation. , due to crushing, decreases to a suitable size for passing through the outlet openings (22). In cases where a piece of the metal object to be processed is particularly compact in relation to the other parts, the above process may take a very long time and may cause increased wear, premature failure of the parts of the apparatus.

To overcome this, the hammer mill (10) according to the invention is provided with an opening opening (24) on the one hand and a discharge opening (28) on the other hand with a closing cap.

The 1-2. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. The opening regulator (24) (24) has inserts (Fig. 2), which can be varied relative to the outlet openings of the fiber-like casing (22) by tilting the aperture control means (24) around the x axis.

Figure 3 shows that, in the relative position of the orifice control means (24) in which the inserts (26) extend into the outlets of the fiber-like jacket (22), the inserts (26) are divided into four outlets (22), the size of the outlet openings of the fiber-like jacket (20) is reduced. In the case of our example, the insert (26) has a cross-shaped front view, but of course any other geometric configuration which is advantageous is also permissible.

As shown in Figures 3, 4a) and 4c), the fiber-like jacket (20) can also be provided with outlet openings of various sizes, whereby the insertion means (26) of the (24) only cooperate with the larger outlet openings (22), In this example, the outlet openings (22) are divided into four parts, optionally more or less.

As shown in FIG. 4b, the orifice control device (24) is a circular cross-sectioned arcuate surface element hinged along the X-axis of the upper straight edge to the hammer crusher (10) of the (10), for example, the fiber-like jacket (20).

In the relative position of the opening regulator (24) shown in Fig. 4c, when the inserts (26) extend into the outlets of the fiber-like jacket (22), it can be locked. In the open position of the opening regulator (24), when the inserts (26) are not connected to the outlet openings (22), no separate fastening is required. The outlet openings (22) then take up their maximum size to allow relatively larger pieces of metal to escape.

The positioning and locking of the orifice control device (24) can be achieved by means known per se, for example by mechanical or hydraulic means, preferably by remote control.

Extremely solid and large pieces which cannot escape through the outlet openings (22) in the case of their largest cross-section are provided by the discharge opening (28) provided with the closure cap, which, in our example, is connected to the fiber-like jacket (20). The closure cap (28) is pivotally connected to the hammer mill housing (10) around the axis of rotation y. In the exemplary embodiment, the closure cap (28) has no separate actuating means. At rest, the closing lid (28) closes the discharge opening under the effect of gravity, and the force exerted from the closed position of the hammers (18) from its closed position can freely tilt. The larger pieces of metal will then tilt it from the inside to the closure (28) and thus escape through the discharge openings.

As shown in Figure 1, the closure cap (28) itself has outlet openings similar to the outlet openings of the fiber-like jacket (22).

The closure cap (28) can, of course, be configured to be locked in a closed position and controlled by an externally exerted force, unlike the example shown.

The most important advantage of the invention is that it allows the more difficult to process, larger, more compact, harder parts of the metal objects to be removed from the hammer grinder at any time so as to provide protection for the parts of the apparatus and increase the life span. A further advantageous effect is that it avoids the possibility of unwanted accumulation of metal parts, thereby preventing the device from stopping due to overload. If this occurs, the accumulated metal parts should be removed manually before restarting the equipment, which would require significant extra time and effort.

Thus, with the present invention, the operation possibilities of hammer mills are expanded, their operational safety is enhanced and their lifetime can be increased.

Claims (11)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Hammer grinder for crushing, shredding metal objects having a drive shaft connected to a drive shaft, hammers connected to the drive shaft arranged around the drive shaft and circles described by hammers3. The device has a 280-Β hole or a screen-like jacket provided with outlet openings, characterized in that it has an aperture control means (24) which is adjustable relative to the outlet openings (22) of the screen-shaped jacket (20). A hammer grinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen-like mantle (20) has a opening for opening / closing with a closure (28). A hammer grinder according to claim 2, characterized in that the discharge opening provided with the closure cover (28) is larger than the largest cross-section of the outlet openings (22) of the screen-like jacket (20). A hammer grinder according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the closure cover (28) is operable by interaction with metal objects striking the inside. 5. A hammer grinder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the closure cover (28) is pivotally connected to the screen-like mantle (20) along one of the edges of the discharge opening. Hammer grinder according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the closure cover (28) is designed to be actuated by external force. 7. A hammer grinder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the closure cover (28) also has outlet openings. 8. A hammer grinder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the discharge opening with the closure lid (28) is arranged above the drive shaft (16) and is connected to the upper section of the hammers (18). 9. A hammer grinder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the opening control device (24) has at least one insert element (26) which can be secured to or removed from the associated outlet opening (s) (22), and when fixed in the outlet opening (s) (22), the outlet opening (s) divide the opening (s) (22) into smaller openings. A hammer grinder according to claim 9, characterized in that the aperture control means (24) is pivotally connected to the screen-like jacket (20) with an axis X substantially parallel to the drive shaft (16). A hammer grinder according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the insert member (26) of the opening control device (24) is located in a circumferential arc around the metering opening (12) of the metal objects to be shredded along the circumference of the hammers (18).