HU204451B - Apparatus and method for treating dangerous wastes "in situ" - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the treatment of a toxic waste landfill. The aim and object of the invention are to improve known methods and devices so that no dangerous emissions can escape. An apparatus (u) comprises a powered vehicle (V) comprising a vertically movable frame (W). At the lower end of this frame there is a limited space hood (X), which can be brought into sealing contact with the top of a floor area (X) in which hazardous waste products are stored, at a first location, in a desired location Part of the storage to perform an in situ detoxification. At least one driven cutting blade is rotated downwardly into the deposit within the hood (X) to form a vertically extending zone (A-1) of particulate material which is treated with a detoxifying agent, which detoxifying agent is a chemical agent, a biological agent or Heat of one or more plasma torches can be. Gases released during the formation of the particulated zone are subjected to a segregation action within the hood by a liquid, which liquid returns to the zone. After complete detoxification of one zone, the apparatus (U) is brought to a series of overlapping second stations where the previously described procedure is repeated. The detoxified zones form a wall that surrounds the entire storage of hazardous waste product, thus forming a barrier or lining that extends downwards and encompasses the entire extent of storage.

Description

The essence of the device according to the invention is that the closed space (A) containing the mass of hazardous waste (Y) in the closed space (A) is the waste material mixing device, the water heater for supplying pressurized steam to the enclosed space (A)

Figure 5 is a pressure pump (G) for extracting vapors, gases and air from a confined space, a device for freezing the gaseous material and a fan (C) for returning the air stream from the gaseous material after freezing; a sensor unit (F) for determining the quality and quantity of toxic components; a dosing device (H) for dewatering, oxidizing or other reactive material,

In the apparatus according to the invention, the enclosed space (A) is formed by a downward-facing cup-shaped cover (X) on the soil containing the hazardous waste mass (Y) in which a milling cutter (Z) rotates and moves vertically by moving a conductive nozzle. .

The fan (C), an outlet aperture of toxic gases coupling j Lodi, aínely plasma furnace, or catalyst mu ^one code or thermally oxidizing device may be vapor deposition selection unit (IP). (Figure 5)

HU 204 451

HU 204451 Β

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for the treatment of hazardous waste on site, which has long been used to render waste of unknown quality and quantity deposited in the ground or on the surface of the main site in a safe manner.

Many hazardous wastes have long been stored in different places, with little or no listing of their constituents, the quality of their toxic components, and their location in the waste mass. Similarly, there are no long-standing records of solid waste containing hazardous waste, such as iron drums, cylindrical containers and containers. Toxic organic compounds in such waste masses and the like may react over time to produce highly unpleasant odorous toxic gas compounds which are pressurized and begin to leach out of the waste mass.

These hazardous waste masses are hazardous to health mainly because their sunny upper parts become dry and dry and the dust particles are picked up and carried by the wind. Small dust particles that are released into the air and fly with the air are mainly dangerous if they also contain radioactive material and emit radon gas. Another danger is that toxic compounds can leach out of the waste mass over time and leach the groundwater. Not only is it dangerous to the health if it is in the soil of toxic waste, but leaching can occur even if the toxic waste is accumulated on the surface of the soil,

Various remedial solutions have been proposed and used in the past, but these have not been satisfactory from the point of view of health. The failure of known solutions, unreliable, dangerous digging and transporting of waste, involves many dangers, and detoxification of waste mass in agriculture by microorganisms takes a very long time.

Until now, it has been a common practice to construct insulating walls downwards from concrete or bentonite around the waste mass. The mistake of my solution is that the concrete or bentonite always contains untreated parts of the soil and there is no guarantee that smaller holes or larger openings in the wall will not be allowed to allow the migration of toxic material in the waste mass through the walls

The excavation and removal method has the disadvantage that the waste mass is subjected to mechanical movement while dust and toxic gas is released into the environment. When transporting untreated toxic material from one place to another, there is always a risk that the waste material will be dispersed during transport. The operation of the excavation itself facilitates the discharge of harmful gases and vapors in the waste material into the surrounding atmosphere

They also employ a method of binding the soil, which is based on introducing a stabilizer into the soil in the environment to be delimited.

US 3,243,962 is known. A soil treatment device and a d5 gait. The essence of this is that stabilizing treatment of the soil or material is done by injection of lime. The apparatus includes a shroud that prevents the high pressure required to inject the slurry material to be reduced. The injection is made through the drilled cavities on the surface of the earth. The drill head itself is similar to the conventional drill bit.

However, this known method and apparatus is not suitable for the treatment of hazardous waste, in particular for cleaning soil contaminated with hazardous material, such as radioactive material. The above-mentioned patent does not provide a solution for loosening hazardous waste, for example by injecting a heating medium or steam or volatile material. This invention does not teach how to contain the volatile gaseous components of the ve20 hazardous waste and prevent its release into the surrounding airspace.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for handling hazardous waste beyond the prior art, which may also contain gaseous components of the hazardous waste. The present invention provides for the management of hazardous waste in a well-defined area without contaminating the surrounding airspace.

The inventive idea is based on the fact that the treated area is defined by an inverted cup-shaped envelope or protective cover, which, with proper sealing, separates the treated area from the rest of the soil and from the fdette air space. This confined space is under negative pressure, so that no toxic gases or vapors can escape into the air, but get directly to the treatment device. In essence, the present invention is based on the creation of a "sealed space" and the treatment of contaminated soil within this delimited space.

The main object of the present invention is to provide an on-site process for the treatment and detoxification of hazardous toxic waste that is distributed in a geographically unknown area, and to provide apparatus for varying the quality and concentration of toxic constituents in the waste material below ground level. the waste materials are located so that the treatment will not pollute the surrounding air.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a detoxification process that can be carried out relatively quickly on site, and which does not exhibit the disadvantages of a detoxification process as described above.

A further task is to develop a method for on-site detoxification that does not pose a risk associated with the transport of toxic materials by road and which is particularly well suited to the application of radioactive waste

EN 204451 Β to minimize radon outflow from treated materials.

In accordance with its object, the present invention provides a process for the on-site treatment of hazardous waste, which comprises detoxifying a desired portion of the toxic hazardous waste mass above or below the surface by preventing contamination of the surrounding airspace, and water-soluble salts of toxic hazardous waste and toxic hydrocarbons may be randomly distributed - perform the following process steps:

- creating a sealed area which is sealed to the part to be detoxified,

- mixing the detoxifying portion under the upper part of the enclosure;

- introducing pressurized steam into the material to be detoxified by mixing with it, thereby converting the toxic hydrocarbons volatile at the vapor temperature into toxic vapors;

- extracting a toxic stream of air, vapor and toxic vapors from the upper part of the enclosed space;

- extracting and removing steam and toxic fumes from the toxic stream and returning the remaining air stream to the mixed material to be detoxified,

- detecting the quality and quantity of the toxic components present in the blended component to be detoxified;

- converting the majority of the water-soluble salts of the toxic metals indicated by the detector into the detergent portion to be rendered water-insoluble compounds;

- upon receipt of a signal from the sensing device that, in the mixed detergent portion to be detoxified, the detoxifying agent is added to the detergent to the desired degree, which is then converted into a water-impermeable mass by a stabilizing chemical within a relatively short period of time; After mixing the solidifying agent and the moiety to be detoxified, stirring is stopped.

The apparatus for carrying out the process according to the invention is designed in such a way that

- includes a closed space extending over the part to be detoxified and thus sealed;

means for mixing the part to be detoxified, and

- a pressurized water heater providing a pressurized vapor heater for the partially detoxified, volatile organic compounds volatilized at the temperature of the vapor used, together with the free toxic gases which may be partially detoxified, and a pressurized has a pressure pump as well

- a high-speed suction of vapor, poisonous vapors, poisonous gases and air in the form of a toxic current above a part of the enclosed area to be detoxified, thereby preventing high velocity in the enclosed space and thereby preventing contamination of the surrounding airspace, it has a negative pressure blower which converts a stream of toxic components into a pressurized state, and

- has a selection unit connected to the fan outlet,

a device for freezing the toxic stream of toxic components and steam, and

- the pressurized current, free of toxic components and vapor, is provided with a partially reflux device for the part to be detoxified;

- a unit for sensing the quality and quantity of the partially toxic components 15 to be detoxified; and finally

- a dispenser for dewatering the oxidation chemical or other re-agitating agent, which is associated with the detector unit indication, into the mixed portion to be detoxified.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus that is movable and detoxifies a hazardous waste mass by performing on-site detoxification in sequentially overlapping locations.

In a modified embodiment of the device according to the invention, the detoxification device is mounted on a base and is located above or adjacent to the newly created hazardous waste for detoxification.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an embodiment of a detoxification device that can be used to verify and test the quality and quantity of toxic components in a non-volatile distribution of hazardous waste mass at selected sites prior to actual detoxification by the site method.

The on-site detoxification of hazardous waste material may be accomplished by a first embodiment of the apparatus having a vertical frame held movably and adjustably on a motor-driven vehicle. The frame is located on one side of the vehicle. The frame holds a cap-shaped casing with its aperture at its lower end, which can be pressed down wide into the upper surface of the hazardous waste mass, thereby forming a sealed closure. The enclosure head and the waste mass together define a closed space.

The frame holds at least one upright drill pipe or guide drill bit which is movable longitudinally relative to the frame. The guide drill bit extends downwardly through the casing head and the guide drill bit 55 holds at its lower end a cutting tool having two cutting blades extending in opposite directions. One of the cutting blades has a plurality of nozzles spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the wind at its rearward rotation. The cutting tool also has at least one orifice through which it is possible to heat overpressure

HÜ 204451 Β Air and powdered material can be melted from the cutter There are several nozzles in the wrapping head which can be pressurized with water jetsL

The on-site detoxification of hazardous waste mass begins with rotating the cutting tool and moving it down through the soil containing waste mass to create a space of particulate matter, emitting pressurized jets of nozzles at pressurized jets, reduce their size. The second set of nozzles in the casing head emits pressurized water jets that assist the cutting tool in spatial design. In this space, the continuous rotation of the cutter mixes small particles, soil and material particles.

The vapor jets that flow out heat the space containing the fine particles and facilitate the outflow of free toxic gases from the fine particles that flow upward into the enclosed space. Heat from vapor jets heats this space to such an extent that toxic organic compounds in the form of toxic fumes are vaporized upward at the vapor temperature.

The unit detects the quality and quantity of toxic compounds in the fine particle space. A blower fan removes air, steam, toxic vapors, and toxic gases from the enclosure continuously, fast enough to maintain a negative pressure in the enclosure, and removes the exhaust air, vapor, toxic vapors, and toxic gases in the form of a toxic current. Depending on the user's choice, the toxic gases and toxic vapors can be removed by cooling the toxic stream, whereby at least one of them is condensed, and by overflowing the toxic gas and toxic vapor through an appropriate amount of activated carbon, or heating and heating the toxic stream. through the passage of a toxic component into a non-toxic compound, or through the passage of a toxic stream into a plasma furnace, in which case the toxic components are converted into a non-toxic compound. whichever is applied, the resulting airflow is free of toxic components and recirculated to the enclosed space where it helps to displace the bad toxic gases.

If the detector unit indicates that an unpleasant odor compound, such as water soluble salts of certain organic materials, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, or toxic metals, or toxic organic compounds that are not volatile at the vapor temperature used, a liquid oxidizing chemical is present. such as an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide or potassium hypermanganate, through a first set of nozzles on the cutting blade, when they are not vaporized.

The oxidizing agent converts hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide into elemental sulfur, hydrogen and oxygen and, upon reaction with a large proportion of the water-soluble salts of the toxic metals, converts them into substantially water-insoluble compounds. The oxidizing chemical, for unknown reasons, tends to convert non-volatile long-chain hydrocarbons at the temperature of the vapor used into shorter-chain hydrocarbons that are volatile at the temperature of the vapor and flow upward into the confined space as toxic vapors.

If the evaluation unit indicates that the enclosed space is detoxified to the desired degree, the powdered dewatering chemical is sprayed down through the hollow guide drill bit and this dehydrating chemical is discharged through the openings of the milling or cutting tool, as required. It is also possible to inflate pressurized air streams with warm pressure. The dewatering chemical causes an ion exchange between the clay in the soil and the chemical, which results in the material in the space being converted into a hard, compact, impermeable mass before this transformation is completed and the cutter or cutter is removed from the space. The water-soluble salts of toxic metals 25 'which are not converted into substantially water-insoluble compounds, and the non-volatile long chain hydrocarbons and radon-emitting compounds at the temperature of the vapor used remain in the water-impermeable mass for a long time. leaching. The weight of the impermeable material is compact enough to be none or at least not. very little - radioactive radon can leak because the mass transfer of radon is so slow that it is converted into a solid radioactive element before reaching the outside of the mass of matter.

When the detoxification of the amount of material at the first workstation on the waste mass has been completed, the apparatus is moved to an adjacent second workplace and the process is repeated until the entire amount of waste material to be detoxified is detoxified. It is advantageous to use at least two cutting tools spaced apart from each other, but it is more advantageous to use two pairs, i.e. four cutting tools.

Prior to carrying out the described procedure, the hazardous waste mass is subjected to a radar scan to locate barrels, ash, tanks and other solid waste. The location of these objects is marked on the map of the hazardous waste mass network. Before the detoxification process is carried out, we also drill samples of the hazardous waste mass by drilling to determine the quality and depth of the toxic components in the waste mass, and then select on site detoxification! method of conducting the procedure. The hazardous waste mass is also included in the test part of the equipment4

EN 204451 Β which provides additional information on toxic contamination.

A topical embodiment of a detoxification device can be used on toxic hazardous waste masses, such as waste from drilling of oil wells, dross sludge, paint residues, anti-infectious drug residues and the like, the toxic materials are transported in a sealed manner to the casing head and not the casing head lowered into the hazardous waste mass.

If cooling devices are used in the detoxification process to cool the toxic stream, the toxic residue or sediment is preferably placed in a plasma furnace, which plasma furnace can also be used to regenerate the activated carbon used.

The apparatus and process of the invention will be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments of the apparatus as shown in the drawings.

Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a portion of a movable apparatus for detoxifying a hazardous toxic waste mass on site.

Figure 2 is a schematic end view of the apparatus of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view, partly in section, taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a view of the apparatus shown in Figure 3

4-4 vertical vertical sketched section.

Figure 5 is a schematic layout diagram of a portion of the apparatus not shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the first embodiment.

Figure 6 is a second embodiment of the apparatus 1 and

Figures 2 do not show a schematic layout diagram of a portion.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a portion of the apparatus of Figure 1 that can be used to determine the type, quality, and quantity of toxic pollutants in a hazardous waste mass.

Figure 8 is a schematic top plan view, partly in section, of a guide drill drive assembly for the apparatus of Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 9 is a schematic bottom view of the plane 9-9 of Figure 4.

Fig. 10 is a schematic top view, partly in section, of a portion of the leading drill bit drive assembly.

All. Figure 3B is a schematic side view of an intermediate movable sheet member.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a plasma torch supported by a conductive drill bit for use in converting material in a treated space into a vitrified mass.

Fig. 13 is a perspective schematic diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of the apparatus, which is mounted on a base plate and is disposed adjacent to the hazardous waste mass accumulated on the surface to be detoxified.

A14. Figure 14 is a sectional view taken along line 14-14 of Figure 4.

A15. Figure 1B is a schematic side view of a modified embodiment of the apparatus of Figure 1, wherein the apparatus also includes a component for taking and testing a sample of the hazardous waste to be tested.

A16. Figure 15 is a side elevational view illustrating another embodiment of the apparatus of Figure 15.

A17. Figure 3B is an enlarged side elevational view of a sampling probe.

Detoxification of the hazardous waste mass Y by the process of the present invention is carried out by:

1 and 2 with the movable U apparatus shown in FIGS

The first assembly group J and the second assembly group K shown in Figures 6 may be connected. The first assembly group J and the second assembly group K comprise components not shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Device U has a vertically protruding frame W, which is held movable on a protruding part of vehicle V. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a vehicle V of the Hood type, which has a control panel 100 with a group of instruments.

The W frame consists of four corner brackets 102, transverse rods 104 and reinforcing bars 106. The W frame has a top panel 108, a bottom panel 110 and an intermediate movable panel 112,

The mounting assembly 114 shown in Fig. 2 allows the frame W to be moved relative to the vehicle V. The support assembly 114 has a plurality of rigid rods 116 which are pivotally mounted to the frame W by means of a pin 116a and to the vehicle V by means of a pin 116b. A counterweight 118 is operatively coupled to the support assembly 114 by means of a coupling mechanism 120 and serves to balance the weight of the W frame and of the actuators described below. A first hydraulic cylinder 122 is pivotally connected to the coupling 120 and the vehicle V so that the actuation of the cylinder 122 permits lateral displacement of the W frame relative to the vehicle V. A second hydraulic cylinder 124 is pivotally coupled to the holder assembly 114 and the Wkeret so that the actuation of the cylinder 124 permits the vertical movement of the Wkeret relative to vehicle V. The hydraulic cylinders 122 and 124 a

2.

From the bottom plate 110, a wrapping head X defining a closed space extends downward. The X wrapper head is extended by a vertical, mechanically rotating cutting tool Z, which

Z cutting tool can be moved vertically

HU 204451 Β is held. A pair of motors 126 are disposed on the lower plate A110, which are spaced laterally spaced from each other and rotate the drive sprockets 128 as shown in FIG. Each drive sprocket 128 is coupled to an upwardly extending endless chain 130 which is pivotally engaged by a pair of sprockets 132. The sprockets 132 are rotatably supported by the top plate 108. An intermediate movable plate 112 is attached to the vertical chain 130a of the chain A130 by means of a conventional fastening means.

A pair of lower plate flywheels A110 mounted on an electric motor 134 which drive a gear 136 as shown in Figures 3 and 10. The teeth of the gears 1313 engage with the teeth of a pair of driven gears 138 and the gears 138 also engage with each other.

The bottom plate A110 comprises, as shown in FIG. 4, a horizontal top panel portion 110a and a bottom panel portion 110b. Each driven gear 138 is supported by an annular mounting member 142 which is secured to the lower panel 110b by bolts 144 as shown in Figure 4.

Each driven gear 138 has a rigid ring member 146 secured to the upper surface of its associated gear 138 by means of screws 148, as shown in Figure 4. Each annular member 146 has a cylindrical sleeve 150 extending upwardly from the annular member 146 and extending through an opening 152 in the top panel portion 110a. Figure 4 shows that each sleeve 150 has an outwardly extending flange 154 on which a seal 156 sliding in contact with the upper surface of the upper panel portion 110a is secured.

A4. 8 and 8, two pairs of rollers 158 are held spaced apart over the top panel portion 110a by a pair of tabs 160 which are secured to the ring member 146.

Intermediate movable panel 112 comprises, as shown in Fig. 4, rigid and horizontal panel portions 112a and 112b spaced apart in vertical direction and interconnected by a link 162. Two tubular conductive drill bits 164a are used to drive the cutting tools, the upper portions 164a of which are in the intermediate movable blade 112. Each of the upper portions 164a has an outwardly extending flange 166 attached thereto, which is secured to the flanges 166 by a ring member 168 which is rotatably connected to a series of bearing balls 170 on its outer surface. The series of bearing balls 170 is supported externally by an internally molded annular member 172 which is secured to the upper face portion 112a of the intermediate movable sheet 112.

Each guide bit 164 has two vertically extending ribs 174 on opposite sides of the guide bit 164, as shown in Figure 8. The pair of ribs A174 are connected by a pair of rotatable rollers 158. A horizontal member 164b is attached to the lower end of each of the conductive drill bits 164, which holds a pipe 176 having a diameter substantially smaller than the diameter of the conductive bore 164. The A176 tube is centrally held.

The tube 176 serves as a fitting for the tube 178, which extends upwardly toward the top of the guide drill 164 and is secured to the rotary ring 180. The tube 176 has a flange 182 extending over its lower end.

As shown in Figure 4, each cutting tool Z has an outer tube 196 formed with a locally terminated lower end 196a. The upper end of the196 tube is secured to a circular plate 198 having a centrally formed opening 198. An inner tube 200 is connected to the circular plate198, which engages with the opening 198a. The lower end of the insertion tube 200 has a plurality of tubular tubing 202 Id15 extending through the outer tube wall 196.

Two or more cutting blades 204 extending from the lower end of the outer tube 196 extend opposite to each other. Ideally, the cutting blade 204 has teeth 206 spaced apart from one another. The circular plate 198 is secured to the flange 182 in some conventional manner, for example by means of screws 210 or the like. One of the cutting blades 204 has a plurality of nozzles 205 at the rear end thereof which are spaced apart. The nozzles A205 communicate with a channel (not shown in the drawings) in the cutting blade 204, which is connected to a conduit 207 that extends upwardly to the lower part 209a of the rotary ring 209. The lower part 209a rotates with the cutting tool Z. The upper portion 209b of the rotary ring 209 is formed and is secured to the holder 209d by straps 209c so as to extend downwardly from the lower panel portion 110b. High pressure steam or liquid is supplied to the rotary ring A209 via a conduit 211 for the purpose described in more detail below. Figure 8 shows that each of the guide bits 164 has two grooved bodies 218 which are secured to the inner surface of the guide bore 164 by slidably engaging the ribs 220 mounted on the tube 178.

A4. 9 and 9, a rectangular tubular frame 232 is provided on the underside of the lower panel portion 110b, with outwardly extending spray nozzles 234. The lower panel portion 110b also holds circular tubing 236 which extends around the guide drill bits 164 and holds the nozzles 238. By means of a structural member, described below, pressurized fluid is supplied through the conduit 242 to the conduit 232 and through the conduit 240 to the circular conduits 236. The fluid fed to the tubular frame 232 and the circular tubing 236 may be pressurized water or a liquid chemical. Water or fo6

The liquid chemical is converted by the nozzles 234 and 238 into a pressurized jet for the purpose described below. The upward leakage of toxic gases rising during the detoxification of the hazardous waste mass Y around the conductive drill bits 164 is prevented by tubular airbags 244 which tubularly surround the conductive drill bits 164. The lower ends of the airbags 244 are secured to the tabs 160 by conventional means, and the upper ends are secured to the lower surface of the intermediate movable panel 112. The apparatus described above is mounted on the V and can be used in the same way

5 with the first assembly group J shown in Figure 5, either with the second assembly group J illustrated in Figure 6, or with the second assembly group K illustrated in Figure 6. The first group J and the second group K are mounted on vehicles not shown in the drawings.

Before using the U equipment, it is desirable to scan the hazardous waste mass with underground radar data to determine the position of drums, tanks, barrels and the like in which hazardous substances may be present. Detecting hazardous waste Y in adjacent locations should be done with caution .

After determining said information data and determining the composition of the hazardous waste mass Y by means of a test device as described below, the U is moved to the first workstation next to the hazardous waste mass Y and the frame W is operated such that the rigid structure X the lower edge of the wrapping head is in a sealed position pressurized with the upper surface of the hazardous waste mass Y

The electric motors A134 drive the ring members 146 supporting the rollers 158, apply torque to the ribs 174, causing the drill rails 164 and the cutting tool Z to rotate. The motors 126 which drive the chains 130 are turned on, thereby moving the intermediate movable plate 112. to transfer downward force to the guide drill bits 164 and to the cutting tool Z.

As a result of the operation of the apparatus U, the cutting tools Z create a downwardly extending space A in which, under the covering head X, the hazardous waste mass Y is granulated and mixed with the ground.

When using U with the first one shown in Figure 5,

Using assembly group J, as shown, the tubing 245 extends from the inside of the upper portion of the wrapper X to the inlet of the motor-driven fan C. The liquid and vapor supply piping 211 shown in Figure 4 is connected to a pipeline 213 which flows into a water heater B. The U unit is powered by a power engine 215, and the energy of the exhausted steam emitted is preferably recovered by the heat exchanger 217. The recovered heat in the water heater B can be utilized to convert the water into steam.

Multiple reservoirs 219 containing liquid chemicals have outlet conduits 221 extending to mixer inlet 223. The manifolds 221 are provided with control valves 221a. The material in the mixer 223 flows through a manifold 225a containing a control valve 225a and a non-return valve 225b to the inlet of a motor-driven high pressure pressure pump G. A water reservoir 227 is connected by a pipe 229 to a pipe 225. The water supply line 229 includes a control valve 229a and a non-return valve 229b. The pipeline 231 starting from the pressure pump G is connected to the steam supply pipeline 211 and the pipelines 240, 242 as shown in Figure 9. Valve 242a controls the amount of fluid flowing through the conduit 242 into the conduit 232 and the nozzles 234. The valve 240a of Figure 9 controls the amount of fluid flowing into the circular conduits 236 and the nozzles 238. The pipeline 231 includes a non-return valve 231a.

As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the rotary ring 180 is connected to flexible hoses 233 which extend upwardly in the W frame as shown in Figures 15 and 16. The parts of the hoses 233 connected to the rotary ring 180 are bent in the form of a loop and are held by cables 235 as shown in Figures 15, 16. The cables 235 extend downwardly from the spring loaded discs 237. The A237 discs are mounted on the top panel 108 of the W frame.

A dry powdered reagent reservoir 239 is connected via a conduit 241 to an inlet H of a dispenser. Dispenser H dispenses reactive material pulverized via conduit 243 when pressurized air is supplied to dispenser H via conduit 247a. Connects to the outlet of the air compressor 247 of the A247a pipeline. Pipeline 243 is in communication with hoses 233.

From the upper part of the wrapper X, a pipe 245 extends to the inlet of the motor driven fan C, and the outlet of fan C is connected via the pipe 245a to the inlet of the selection unit P as shown in Figure 5. The secretory unit P may be plasma furnace or catalytic1

EN 204451 Β heat-oxidizing apparatus operated by a zator, the use of which is described below.

The apparatus is also used to move it to a first workstation at a toxic hazardous waste mass, and then move the frame W downward, thereby pushing the lower edge 249 of the wrapper X onto the upper surface of the hazardous waste mass Y so that the connection becomes sealed. Then, the cutting tools Z are started to rotate and Y is moved downward in the hazardous waste mass, rotating and moving downward 10 creates a space where the toxic waste material is in granular form below the X-covering head reaching the desired depth. Particulate matter in space A is a mixture of hazardous waste and soil. 15

The cutting tools Z are continued in the space A, by continuously rotating and vertically moving the granular material in space A in a state of mixing. During the process of creating the particulate material in space A and then the valve 213a in the steam feed pipe 213 is kept open and high pressure steam jets are discharged from the nozzles 205 which collide and reduce the size of the particles. In addition, the vapor heats the space A, and at the temperature of the vapor used, it converts to a volatile toxic organic compound vapor which ascends through space A and flows into space 251 inside the wrapper X which is closed. The non-condensed vapor flowing out of the nozzles 205 is flowing upwards through the space A and thus attempts to remove the free toxic gas 30 from the space A. The vapor tends to remove the toxic free gases that flow upward into the enclosed space 251. When the steam flow control valve 213a is closed and the pressure pump G is turned on and the control valve 229a is opened, pressurized water can be supplied from the nozzles 234 and 238 to assist the cutting tools Z to form the space A.

From the enclosed reservoir 251, a fan C continuously discharges 40 vapors, toxic gases, toxic vapors and air through the conduit 245, which can be discharged into the selection unit P through the conduit 245a. The poisonous air-steam gas stream is drawn from the enclosure 251 at a high enough speed to maintain a negative pressure therein, preventing the poisonous gas or vapor from leaking from the enclosure 251 into and contaminating the atmosphere.

The following detector unit indicates the quality and quantity of 50 toxic compounds in space A.

When the sensor unit F indicates that the space A contains such toxic hydrocarbons that are not volatile at the vapor temperature used, the pressure pump 55 is turned on and the non-return valve 225b is opened. The A219 storage tanks contain various liquid reagents that can be used to treat various toxic compounds identified by the F unit. For example, an aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent such as potassium permanganate 60 can be infused into space A through the nozzles 205. For unknown reasons, potassium permanganate tends to react with long chain hydrocarbons in space A and convert them to shorter chain hydrocarbons that are volatile at the temperature of the vapor used and flow upward into the closed space 251 in the form of toxic vapors. Potassium permanganate reacts with compounds in space A that produce an odorous odor. Examples of such compounds are hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, mercaptan and chlorinated hydrocarbons. These are converted by potassium permanganate to odorless compounds

From the storage tanks A239, dry powdered reagents can be introduced into space A through the second outlet port 202 as shown in Figure 4. To do this, you need to turn on the air compressor 247, which causes powder to flow from the H dispenser to the ducts 243 and hoses 233. When the sensing unit F indicates that powdered calcium oxide can be infused into space A using the H dispenser in order to increase the pH of the toxic waste material therein so that most of the toxic salts are converted to substantially water-insoluble compounds,

Whether it is designed as a plasma furnace or as a catalyst and thermally oxidized converter, the P selection unit breaks down the toxic organic compounds in bulk into non-toxic elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, carbon dioxide and water, which are separated from the P selection unit by 255 pipelines. can be sucked through. If some of the toxic organic hydrocarbons entering the P selection unit consist of chlorinated hydrocarbons and chlorine formed during the decomposition thereof, it is possible to convert the hydrogen formed during the decomposition and the chlorine into the hydrochloride.

Pipeline 255 is connected to a normally closed pressure relief valve 257, which piping 259 connects pressure relief valve 257 to a vessel 261 containing activated carbon 265. From inside the vessel 261, an outlet 263 is discharged into the surrounding airspace. If the pressure in the pipe 255 is too high, this will be eliminated by the opening pressure relief valve 257.

A pipeline 267 extends from the connection point 255a to the hydrogen chloride and chlorine removal device 269, which may be a tower filled with granular iron or magnesium not shown in the drawings, or a tower in which? wash the stream of gas flowing through the water stream with invisible jets of water hidr to remove hydrogen chloride and Time: from the gas stream.

From the device 269 (1), through the pipeline 271 of hydrogen chloride-free gases, it enters first into the hoses 233 and then downwardly through the first-shaped guide bores 164 to the vessel A, to which the outlet fittings 202 shown in FIG. 4 flow. from the reflux gases of space A *, hydrogen chloride should be removed and removed, because at the core temperature prevailing in space A the tendency of chlorine and hydrogen chloride to be returned to space A8.

EN 204451 Β Chlorinated hydrocarbons with residual organic compounds.

The detector unit F allows the components in the toxic stream to be examined before entering the selection unit P The detector unit F has 273 organic analyzers, 275 inorganic analyzers and 277 displays. Organic analyzer 273 has two inlets 273a and 273b and inorganic analyzer 275 has two inlets 275a and 275b. Piping 279 starting from line 271 extends to the inlet of the combined pump and cooling unit 281. The combined pump and cooling unit 281 cools the hot gases and discharges the cooled gases into a conduit 283 having a non-return valve and connected to the conduit 213. Samples of the cooled gases flow into the organic analyzer 273 and inorganic analyzer 275 as a result of the closing of valves 283a and 283b to confirm that the gases exiting the apparatus 269 are free of reactive components.

In line 245a, a line 285 extends downstream from the connection point 245b in front of the selection unit P, branching into two lines 287 and 289. Pipes 287 and 289 are connected to valves 287a and 289a, respectively. When the inlets 273a and 275b are connected to the water-flowing pipeline 285, it is possible to determine the quality of the toxic components present in the toxic stream in the pre-treatment unit P. The sensing unit F also has 291 sets of instruments that indicate the pH and temperature of the materials obtained from the A test of sample 293 in the wrapper X. Data and material are transmitted via the 295 pipeline.

When the sensor unit F indicates that the material treated in space A is already detoxified to the desired extent, one or more powdered reagents from storage tanks 239 are added to the material which act as a dewatering agent. Storage tanks 239 may include ash, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, portland cement, and powdered long chain hydrocarbon polymer.

When ash and Portland cement is poured into space A through hoses 233 and outlet fittings 202, dehydration reaction occurs with ion exchange with material mixed with detoxified material remaining in space A, or, if insufficient is present, clay is added to space A The material in space is transformed into a hard, waterproof mass. The water-soluble salts of the toxic metals, which have not been converted into substantially water-impermeable compounds, are enclosed in a hard and water-impermeable mass of material and cannot escape from it. This phenomenon applies to all toxic organic compounds that remain in space A.

Air from the hydrogen chloride removal device 269 through the conduits 271 and the hoses 233 to the dispenser H is prevented by the non-return valve 243a in the conduit 243. The flow of air to the combined pump and cooling unit 281 is controlled by a valve in the pipeline 279. Liquid feeding line 240 to nozzle 238 of Figure 9 is connected to line 213 in the same manner as line 242.

In summary, the equipment U and the assembly shown in Figure 5 are moved to the first workstation next to the hazardous waste mass Y and lowered into the frame W, thereby forcing the lower edge of the wrapper X into a sealing engagement with the upper surface of the hazardous waste mass. The cutting tools Z are then rotated and moved downwards to produce a vertically extending hazardous waste material consisting of granules and mixed with soil. By continuously rotating and moving the cutting tools longitudinally, the granular material is maintained in a state of mixing. Now, pressurized water jets from the nozzles 234 and 238 can be introduced into the particulate mass in the state of agitation and pressurized steam jets from the nozzles 205 shown in FIG. Vapor jets collide with particles of hazardous waste and try to reduce the size of the particles. High-pressure water jets create a turbulent mass of material in the upper part of space A. As a result of the mixing of pressurized water jets and vapor jets with the particles, all free toxic gas in space A flows upward into a closed space 251 inside the wrapper X. The vapor vapor heats space A and at the temperature of the vapor used, volatile toxic organic compounds are converted into toxic vapors, which also flow upward in space A into enclosed space 251. Ventilator C operates continuously to extract air, vapor, toxic gases and toxic vapors from enclosed space 251 at a sufficient rate to maintain negative pressure in enclosed space 251, thereby eliminating the possibility of toxic gases or vapors leaking, see X contaminate the surrounding airspace. The volume of such negative toxic current should be greater than the volume of current recirculated to the enclosed space 251. To this end, a cooling tower 520a with an inlet 520a and an outlet 520b is integrated into the U unit. Pipeline 271 has 522 valves. Pipeline 524 extends from line 271 before valve 522, leading to inlet 520a. Piping branched out of pipeline 271 after valve 522 is connected to outlet 520b. The pipe 524 has a valve 524a. By storing valve 522 and opening valve 524a, the steam flowing back into space A through conduit 271 is condensed in cooling tower 520. The amount of backflow steam is smaller than that drawn by fan C from the jacket X, and as a result negative pressure is maintained in the X tile.

Fan C discharges overpressure toxic current, Selector P freezes the toxic components, after which the current passes through 269

EN 204451 Β, which removes hydrogen chloride and chlorine from the stream. Subsequently, the vapor-gas stream returns to space A, as described above, in order to divert the toxic gases and vapors remaining upward into the enclosed space 251.

The quality and quantity of space A and the toxic components are determined and determined by the detection unit F. When the sensing unit F indicates that no toxic volatile hydrocarbons or unpleasant odor-generating compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, mercaptan, and chlorinated hydrocarbons are present in the vapor at the temperature of the vapor used, the pressure pump and the appropriate liquid oxidant Into space. It has been found that for this purpose potassium permanganate aqueous solution is suitable, not only for the elimination of unpleasant odors, but for unknown reasons, it reacts with non-volatile long chain hydrocarbons at the temperature of the vapor used and converts a significant part of them to Toxic fumes flow upward in space A and in enclosed space 251.

When the sensing unit F indicates that the water-soluble salts of the space-toxic metals are present, the dry reagent dispenser H is actuated, from which dry matter is flushed down the tubular conducting bores 164, pipes 176 and 178, and downstream of the outlets 202. space. At the time of addition of the bulk material, the toxic waste material and soil particles will in most cases form or convert to a liquid pasty mass resulting from mixing and exposure to steam and water. Sufficient powdered material such as calcium oxide is added if the pH of the substance in space A is substantially elevated to 11 fold. The soluble salts of most toxic metals are converted to water-insoluble compounds.

After the detector unit F indicates that the detoxification in space A is complete as desired, feeder H is turned on and a dewatering agent is poured into space A, such as a mixture of ash and portland cement. This mixture creates an ion exchanger with the material in space A and the material in space A is converted into a hard, high density, waterproof mass.

The cutting tools Z are withdrawn from space A before this transformation takes place. If there is radioactive material in space A, then only a very small amount of radon gas can escape from the treated space. The material in the treated space is compact enough to convert radon into solid radioactive material before it is released from the material. Likewise, toxic hydrocarbons that could not be removed from space A, as well as water-soluble salts of toxic metals that do not convert to water-insoluble compounds, are enclosed in water-impermeable material formed in space A and cannot leach from it. After completing detoxification at the first workplace, the U equipment and £

The assembly group J shown in Figure 5 is moved to the second workstation overlapping the first workplace and the procedure described is repeated.

The U unit can also change the operation of the on-site detoxification process. For example, after removal of volatile toxic organic compounds from space A at the temperature of the vapor used, genetically produced microorganisms similar to those of the hazardous waste mass or suitable for the decomposition of hazardous waste are introduced into space A together with the liquid nutrient. pressure pump. The cutting tools Z are now retracted and the U is moved to a second work station where the procedure is repeated. Within a given time period, microorganisms biodegrade the space in which they are placed. Microorganisms need to be periodically fed with nutrients after the Atheroscope has been delivered,

Due to the random distribution of hazardous waste in the waste mass, it is desirable to determine the distribution and quality of the toxic components in the second workplace even when on-site detoxification at the first workplace is carried out. the required amount of toxic component has been removed.

The two opposite sides of the W frame are illustrated in FIG.

and Figs. 16 and 16, respectively, extend to two supports 300 and 300 'which hold two drill assemblies 304 and 304' by spring-loaded cables 302 and 302 'or otherwise. These apply a vibration sound to the two drill rods 306 and 306 '. The drill rods 306 and 306 'extend downwardly through invisible vertical slots in the two horizontal guide plates 308 and 308' attached to the Wkeret. 306, 306 '. The vibration of the drill 306,306 'facilitates its penetration into the hazardous waste mass Y (as shown in Fig. 16), thereby providing an invisible drill core that can be continuously monitored for its toxic component by a sensing unit F or other appropriate analyzer. These drill fixtures are commercially available. may also be varied to the embodiment of FIG. The latter embodiment can be used to test different locations of the hazardous waste mass Y. Testing at different locations is necessary because the toxic materials are not evenly distributed in the hazardous waste mass Y and the type and amount of toxic materials may vary from place to place. The tests are also necessary because many hazardous waste masses have long been in place and the quality of toxic materials and hazardous waste

EN 204451 Β there are no records or, if any, records are missing.

The apparatus of FIG. 7 differs from the apparatus of FIG. 1 in that it has a single guide drill bit 164 and a cutting tool Z-1, which comprises a core 320 forming and extracting structure. The structure 320 is a commercially available type used in the oilfield, so no detailed description is required. A single Z-1 cutting tool generates a downwardly extending A-1 space in the same manner as described above for space A, and the sensor unit F provides data on the quality and quantity of toxic components in space A-1. The A-l spaces are created at selected locations of the Y hazardous waste mass to obtain information that will then assist the Y hazardous waste mass detoxification process.

In the industry, toxic sludge usually accumulates on the surface of the soil or heaps up fresh waste. They often contain high concentrations of toxic organic compounds and water-soluble salts of toxic metals. Examples of such toxic toxic waste include drilling wells, oil well drilling sludges, metal treatment materials, waste from protective plants, paint residues, chemical waste, contaminated washing water, etc. Such toxic materials may be liquid, slurry or solid. The transport of such toxic materials to a landfill site is very dangerous because contaminants in the bottom of the liquid or slurry can accidentally spill, dust and gaseous effluents can directly contaminate the surrounding air space, even if the pollutant is in a solid state.

A13. Fig. 1 is a perspective schematic diagram of assembly group J-l, in which the equipment parts shown in Figures 1 and 5 are mounted on a base board 322. This embodiment can be transported to or near the surface of the hazardous waste to detoxify hazardous waste Y on site.

A13. 1 through 5, those parts which are identical to the parts shown in Figures 1 and 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals. As shown in Figure 13, the assembly group J-1 has a vessel 324 extending vertically in the longitudinal direction and having an annular flange 326 at its upper open end. The flange 326 has an inverted cup X-l casing 330 by means of screws or other suitable fastening means. ősítve. There is a seal between the flange 326 and the X-l cover. The top of the X-l wrapper head 332 has a flat surface. The lower end portion 334 of the container 324 extends downwardly into the cone portion 325.

Through the invisible opening in the roof 332, a tubular guide bar 164 extends sealed into the space 251 of the vessel lock 324, which corresponds to the space A in which the poisonous substance to be treated is inserted.

A tubular body 336 protrudes from the upper portion of the vessel 324 with an upwardly extending filling hopper 338 into which the hazardous waste material is fed. In the tubular body 336, the conveyor screw 340 is rotatably mounted and rotated by a motor 342. As the conveyor screw 340 rotates, the toxic waste material (not shown) is transported from the hopper 338 to the enclosed space 251.

Above the top 332, a gear 344 is mounted on the guide drill bit 164 which is driven by a gear 346 rotated by a motor 348. Horizontal and vertically spaced blades 350 extend from the enclosed space 251 of the guide drill bit 164, which corresponds to the cutting tools Z in that they have nozzles 205 at their rearwardly rotating edges through which pressurized vapor jets 25 can pass.

The nozzles 205 are supplied with steam through invisible channels in the vanes 350, which are in communication with an upwardly extending conduit 207 which, as described above, extends through the hollow rotary ring 209 held by the guide bit 164. A steam supply line 211 is also connected to the rotary ring 209 from the outside. The upper part of the rotating ring 209 is always stationary, the lower part 209a rotates with the guide drill bit 164.

From below the cone portion 325, a pipeline 352 extends downwardly into a pump 354 driven by a motor 356. Valve 358 controls the flow of material through line 352. A pump 360 extends from the pump 354 and enters into a motor-driven mixing device 362, which is formed as a collision passage or the like. Pipeline 364 extends from pipeline 243, the other end of which is in communication with the interior of mixer 362, thereby allowing dry chemical to flow into mixer 362 when operating air compressor 247 for dispenser H, valve 364a closed and valve 366 closed. is open. From the mixing device 362, the treated and detoxified material enters a pelletizer 370 through a conduit 368, from which it is discharged in the form of a pellet. The conduit 368 has a valve 368a. Pipeline 368b extends from pipeline 368 before valve 368a and includes valve 368c. By closing the valve 368a and opening the valve 368c, the detoxified material can be discharged from the mixer 362 without being formed into pellets 372.

The J-1 assembly group can be operated intermittently or continuously as desired by the user. When operated intermittently, the motor 342 is actuated to rotate the conveyor screw 340, which engages the 338

From the filling prices of HÜ 204451 Β, the toxic waste is transported to a closed space until it fills the 324 vessel to approximately 326 flanges. The engine 348, which rotates the guide drill bit 164 and the blades 350, is then turned on. The valve 213a is then opened and steam is discharged from the nozzles 205 into the enclosed space 251 to heat the toxic waste material in the enclosed space 251. to remove gases and to convert toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to toxic vapors at upstream vapor temperatures upstream of the closed interior 251 of the loop head X-1. Turn on motor 370a, which drives fan C, and fan C draws a stream of air, vapor, toxic gases, and toxic fumes from enclosed space 251, then piping 245a, separator P, 255, 269, 271, and 233 hoses. When the current233 enters the hose, it flows free of toxic components and then flows into an enclosed space. Dry chemicals for toxic waste in enclosed space 251; liquid chemicals and water for metering pressure pump G and air compressor 247, as described for assembly group J in Figure 5.

When the sensor unit F indicates that the material in the enclosure 251 has already been detoxed to the desired degree, valve 358 is opened and pump 354 is turned into the mixer 362 where it is mixed with dry chemical such as a dewatering chemical, the dewatering agent being introduced into the mixing device 362 via pipeline 364. The material mixed with the dewatering chemical solidifies into a water-impermeable mass, but prior to solidification, the material is filled into a pelletizer 370, which is formed into a pellet or other desired shape body that can be transported in a destination without destroying the surrounding airspace or landscape. Detoxified material can be spilled through pipeline 368b without first being formed into pellet 372. The described J-1 assembly group is particularly useful for the treatment of drilling mud such as mineral oil at wells and the like. The X-1 wrapper also has a safety valve 374 which is normally closed, but can be opened to eliminate negative pressure, which may be required when the treated material is removed from the enclosure 251.

When the assembly group J-1 is in continuous operation, the same procedure is used, but the flow of toxic waste into the enclosed space 251 must be at a rate such that it is detoxified before being discharged from the vessel 324 via the conduit 352. With continuous operation, the 354 pump must be able to exert a greater suction effect than the negative pressure exerted on the fan C. 6

A6. The assembly group K shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 provides the same result as the assembly group J, but more differently from the assembly group J, it removes toxic components from the toxic stream, converting them into non-toxic components and hydrogen chloride, and chlorine.

Those parts and components which are identical to the corresponding parts and assemblies in the Assemblies are denoted by the same numerals and letters throughout the description of the Assemblies K, except that commas and numbers are written with a comma.

A6. The assembly group K shown in FIG. 1A is used in the same way as the assembly group J and results in the same results. The array K differs essentially from the assembly group J in the way that the fan C 'separates the toxic components from the toxic stream. Another difference is that the K furnace uses a plasma furnace to regenerate the activated carbon used.

During the application of the assembly group K, the cutting tool Z 'is rotated and moved downwards, creating a particulate waste material from the hazardous waste mass Y *. By continuously rotating the cutting tool Z ', the granular material is maintained in the mixing state. By switching on the pressure pump G 'and opening the regulating valve 229a', water can be flown through the nozzles 205 'into the space A *, and by opening the valve 242a' water can also be flown through the nozzles 234a. After adding the appropriate amount of water to space A ', the above operations are reversed.

By opening the septa 213 ', steam is supplied from the water heater B' to the nozzles 205 'and into space A'. The purpose of this has already been described in connection with the J group. By means of the blower fan C ', a toxic current is drawn from the enclosed space 251' at a rate sufficient to maintain the space negative pressure 251 '. Toxic current flows out of the enclosed space 251 'through a pipeline 245a * and flows sequentially through freezer devices 400,402 and 404, which generate ever lower temperatures and are interconnected via pipelines 406. The flow from the freezer device 404 passes through conduit 408 to reheat unit 414, and steam entering through amdy conduit 410 is heated. The pipeline 410 has a flow control valve 412.

The consuming device 400 is at a sufficiently low temperature to condense the steam into water. Freezers 402 and 404 have an internal temperature that is low enough to condense toxic organic vapors into liquids. Steam condensation and condensed toxic organic liquids due to gravity on pipeline 413

Pipeline 418 extends to a bio-reactor 420 and a catalyst-operated, heat-oxidizing device 422, and the flow therein is controlled by valves 424 and 426. The vapors flow from the bio-reactor 420 and the device 422 through the conduit 428 to the closed space 251 '. The conduit 428 has a non-return valve 430.

The flow from the reheating unit 414 flows through conduit 434 to a poison gas adsorbing unit 436 which contains 438 activated carbon. The flow from unit 436 flows through conduit 440 such that when a normally closed emergency valve 442 opens, current flows into the surrounding airspace. When the emergency valve 442 is in a normal, i.e. closed, state, the current is returned via line 444 to the inlet port of the air compressor 247 '. The overpressure current flows from the air compressor 247 'through the inlet 446 to the heater inlet 446, and the overpressure heated current flows from the heater 446 through the conduit 448, through which it flows through the nozzles 202'. Pipeline 448 includes a control valve 450. Heat is supplied to the heater 446 by steam, which is injected into the heater 446 through a pipe 452 branched from the conduit 213 '. As a result of the poisonous current returning as a detoxified air stream back to the enclosed space 25Γ, no toxic pollutant can enter the surrounding air space during detoxification of space A ′.

Liquid reagents and dry chemicals can be melted into space A as needed. Bulking in connection with the J group can be done as described above with proper adjustment of the valves.

The pipeline 247a 'is also connected to the inlet opening of the dry dispenser H' and can be operated by opening the valve 452a. Pipeline 454 extends from pipeline portion 434 in front of valve 456, the other end of which extends into pipeline 444, then downstream of valve 458. Valve 458 is a non-return valve. The pipeline 454 has a valve 460 which, when open, allows the flow from the reheating unit 414 to flow back into the enclosed space 254 without passing through the unit 436, which is an adsorbent

Wires 462, 464 and 466, together with switches 468,470 and 472, allow the quality and quantity of toxic components in the toxic stream to be determined after first cooling in the freezer 400 and after passing through the reheater 414, electrical signals are provided through the wires 474. 277 'display.

The spent activated carbon is passed through a suitable conduit 480 to a heat oxidizing unit 422, where it is heated to a temperature sufficiently high for regeneration, then the recycled activated carbon via conduit 484 to a suitable container 482, and the waste residue via a conduit 486 to a first container 488. after on - site detoxification has been completed

Move assembly K to a second workstation and repeat the operation

In addition to the detoxification described, U equipment can also be used to vitrify space A if it is sandy or clayey. Such glazing

As shown in FIG. 12, it is attached to the lower end of the tube 196. After the material in space A has been granulated using cutter Z, the cutter or cutter Z is moved upwards in space A and the material under cutter Z is melted by means of the plasma torch 550, and the molten material is cooled to impermeable to water. and converting it to a solid mass If there is not enough sand or clay in the space A for hazardous waste mass A, sand, clay or other glazing material is introduced through the conductive drill bits 164 by airflow, even when Y is shredded into particles

The application of the invention to glazing is done in the same manner as described above, so it is not necessary to repeat my application.

Claims (27)

A process for treating hazardous waste on site, which process comprises detoxifying a desired portion of a toxic toxic waste mass underground to prevent contamination of the ambient air, and wherein the toxic toxic waste material comprises water-soluble salts of toxic metals and toxic hydrocarbons. may contain, characterized in that a) providing a sealed space enclosing the portion of material to be detoxified, the upper portion of the enclosed space being above the portion of material to be detoxified; b) mixing the detoxifying portion under the upper part of the enclosure; c) introducing pressurized steam into the portion of material to be detoxified while mixing, thereby converting the toxic hydrocarbons volatile at the vapor temperature into toxic vapors; d) extracting a toxic stream of air, vapor and toxic vapors from the upper part of the enclosed space; e) extracting and removing steam and toxic fumes from the toxic stream and returning the remaining air stream to the mixed material to be detoxified; f) detecting the quality and quantity of the toxic components present in the blended component to be detoxified; (g) the toxic metal indicated by the detector in the detergent moiety is water-soluble I Converting most of the salts of HU 204451 to substantially water-insoluble compounds; h) upon receipt of a signal from the sensing device that, in the mixed detergent portion to be detoxified, the detoxifying agent is added to the portion to convert the detoxifying agent portion into a water-impermeable mass within a relatively short period of time; i) stopping the mixing after mixing the solidifying chemical and the portion 10 to be detoxified. 2. A process for the on-site treatment of hazardous waste, comprising the step of detoxifying a portion of the toxic hazardous waste material to the desired extent while preventing the contamination of the surrounding airspace by: (a) mixing the moiety to be detoxified; c) introducing pressurized steam into the mixed material to be detoxified, thereby converting the toxic organic compounds volatile at the vapor temperature into toxic vapors, which, together with the free toxic gases in the detoxifying portion, flow upwardly into the enclosure above the detoxifying portion; 25 d) aspirating a stream of air, steam, toxic vapors and toxic gases from a closed space above the detoxifying portion; e) pressurizing the toxic stream; f) freezing the pressurized toxic stream of the toxic components and vapor and recirculating the resulting pressurized stream to the confined space; g) detecting the quality and quantity of the toxic components contained in the material to be detoxified in a confined space; h) introducing the oxidizing agent into the blended portion to be detoxified when the sensing device indicates that the blended portion has an unpleasant odor organic compound or a toxic metal water-soluble salt, thereby causing the odor-producing organic compound to form such an odor-free compound. and converting most of the water-soluble salts of the toxic metals into practically water-insoluble compounds; 45 i) then, after the detector unit indicates that: · the detergent portion has been deactivated in the appropriate meters, the dehydrating agent is released to the detergent portion and converted to a water-insoluble substance, or the pellet is formed before the transformation is completed; j) terminating the stirring before conversion. 3. A process for the on-site treatment of hazardous waste, which comprises detoxifying a portion of the toxic industrial hazardous waste on the soil which is randomly distributed in the soil, while preventing contamination of the surrounding airspace, by: a movable enclosed space at your first workplace; (b) forming, downstream of the first workstation, a downward space of particulate hazardous waste material and soil; c> in this space, the particulate hazardous waste material and the soil are mixed; d) introducing pressurized air and vapor streams into the space and, via the pressurized air stream, the free toxic gases in the space upwards, the closed space t, and the volatile toxic organic compounds in space being converted into toxic vapors in the space, flow into a confined space; e) removing the flow of steam, toxic gases and toxic vapors from the enclosed space at a rate sufficient to maintain a negative pressure in the enclosed space, thereby preventing the escape of toxic gases and toxic vapors from the enclosed space and contamination of the surrounding airspace; f) continuously removing steam, toxic gases and toxic fumes from the toxic stream and returning the resulting detoxified stream to the treatment volume; g) determining the quality and quantity of the toxic compounds in space during the on-site process, and after the detoxification is completed to the desired degree; h) after detoxification of the hazardous waste material in the treatment space to the desired extent, a bulking agent for the treatment space is used to convert the material in the treatment space into a substantially impermeable mass; and i) moving the movable enclosure to the second workstation overlapping the first workstation and performing a site detoxification process therefrom, and repeating the above until the desired portions of the geographical area are detoxified as desired. The process of claim 3, wherein the soil binder is an alkaline chemical, of which not only is the bulk in the treatment space sufficient to convert the particulate hazardous waste material into a water-impermeable mass, but also to produce the particulate hazardous waste material. and the pH of the water in the soil may be increased, prior to conversion, so that the water-soluble salts of the toxic metals that have not precipitated into substantially water-insoluble compounds remain trapped in a water-impermeable mass and cannot be leaked therefrom. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein said radioactive material emitting radon in an industrial toxic hazardous waste comprises adding a sufficient amount of a soil-binding agent to a solid impermeable mass of water to form a radon over it. is sufficiently slowed down so that the radon is one during migration EN 204451 Β into a solid radioactive isotope. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the calcium-containing soil binder is used in the case of clay containing significant amounts of sodium. The method of claim 3, wherein the soil-binding agent is a chemical comprising dry sodium clay and a calcium-containing compound. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein prior to the addition of the soil binder, an oxidizing agent is released into the treatment space, which oxidizes long chain hydrocarbons that do not sit at the temperature of the vapor used and volatile in the treatment space as vapor. converting them into shorter-chain hydrocarbons that flow upward in the movable enclosure. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the treatment space for the particulate toxic hazardous waste material is formed by vertically moving at least one rotating blade extending substantially horizontally, which blade is rotated by a waste heat generating machine, j) providing a stream of water from a water source; k) using a heat exchanger heated at least partially by the waste heat of the power unit; and l) converting the water stream through the heat exchanger to steam, which is flushed upward through the treatment space. 10. The method of claim 3, wherein the steam, toxic gases and toxic vapors are removed from the toxic stream by: j) exposing the toxic stream to a plurality of gradually decreasing temperatures whereby the vapor from the toxic stream is selected as a condensate and the toxic gases and vapors are selected as toxic liquids. The process of claim A3, wherein the gas, toxic gases and toxic vapors are removed from the toxic stream by the following process steps: j) exposing the toxic stream to a plurality of gradually decreasing temperatures, thereby separating the steam as condensate and the toxic gases and vapors as toxic liquids from the toxic stream; k) determining the quality and quantity of the toxic components present in the first low-temperature state of the toxic stream, and determining in the last low-temperature state of the toxic stream whether the toxic components contained therein have been properly removed; degree; and l) exposing the last toxic stream at its lowest temperature to the action of activated carbon, thereby removing virtually any toxic component remaining in the toxic stream. The method of claim 3, wherein the portion of the geographic area to be detoxified is detonated in a row of contiguous, overlapping areas of contiguous hazardous material around the perimeter of the hazardous waste mass, and the process results in sequentially adjacent and overlapping sequentially. spaces create homogeneous, detoxified, water-impermeable masses of solids that are free from openings and form a wall containing hazardous waste. 13. A3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment space for the particulate toxic hazardous waste material is formed by a vertically movable, machine-driven, practically horizontally extending, at least a cutting tool, through a plurality of longitudinally spaced openings in the treatment space, pressurizing the high-pressure rays into the particulate hazardous waste material generated by the cutting tool, thereby reducing the particle size, thereby assisting the outflow of free toxic gases from the particulate hazardous waste material and increasing the exposed surface area of the liquid waste oxidizer. 14. A10. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that l) melting the toxic components obtained from the toxic stream exposed to a plurality of gradually decreasing temperatures into a closed container; and m) exposing the toxic components from the container to bacteria and thereby rendering them non-toxic. 15. A10. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that l) melting the toxic components obtained from the toxic stream exposed to a plurality of gradually decreasing temperatures into a closed container; and m) exposing the toxic components discharged from the container to the heat of a plasma torch and thereby rendering them non-toxic. 16. Equipment for the on-site treatment of hazardous waste, in particular to detoxify a portion of the hazardous waste to the desired extent while maintaining the airspace surrounding the waste, where the waste contains potentially toxic organic compounds and water-soluble salts of metals, (a) a sealed compartment (A, A ', A-1) extending over and tightly connected to the part to be detoxified; (b) means for mixing the portion to be detoxified; c) converting the partially volatile organic compounds to be detoxified and the volatile organic compounds volatile at the temperature of the vapor used, together with the free toxic gases which may be partially detoxified, into the poisonous vapor flowing upwardly into the enclosure space (A, A ', A-1) , pressurized steam water heater (Β, B ') and pressurized fluid feed pressure pump (G, G'); d) a portion of the enclosed space (A, A ', A-1) above the portion to be detoxified in the form of a toxic stream of steam, toxic vapors, toxic gases and air; EN 204 451 Β high velocity extraction of closed gases (A A ', Al) and thus of negative pressure in the enclosed space (A A', Al), and consisting of toxic components fan for overcurrent current (C, C '); e) a selection unit (P) associated with the fan outlet (C, C '); (f) a device for freezing the toxic stream of toxic components and steam (400,402,404); 10 (g) a non-toxic and vapor-free pressurized flow to the area to be detoxified; (h) 15 units (F, F) for detecting the quality and quantity of the toxic components in a blended portion; (i) a detergent dewatering agent (,, H ') associated with the detector unit (F, F') dewatering chemical to be detoxified or mixed with an oxidizing chemical or other reactant. 20 17. The apparatus of claim 16, characterized in that j) the equipment can be moved from workplace to workplace for hazardous waste, mainly underground, and the device defining the enclosed space (A A ', Al) is a solid or rigid casing head (X, Xl) with a bottom inverted cup shape; and the mixing means being a milling cutter (Z, Z '); (k) means for moving the wrapping head (X X-1) movably and for contacting the lower edge thereof with the hazardous waste mass (Y, Y-Γ); l) under the downwardly extending part 35 of the hazardous waste mass (Y, Y-Y ') to be detoxified and continuously rotating the particulate material, rotating the cutting tool (Ζ, Y') and under the casing head (X Xl) means for moving vertically, such as a guide drill bit (164); m) each of the cutting tools (Ζ, Z ') has at least 40 substantially horizontal blades (350) formed in the direction of rotation in the front and rear edges; n) rear end nozzles (205, 20 ') of the blade (350), which are spaced apart and are connected to the water heater (Β, B') to emit vapor jets which reduce the particle size of the particulate material and increase the temperature of the particles. are; o) the cutting tools (Ζ, Z ') and the guide nozzles (164) are provided with an electric motor (134) for rotation, a propulsion motor (126) directed downwards and a chain (13); p) the conductive drill bits (164) are salt-shaped, and the feeders (Η, H ') are provided with connecting tubes (176, 178) and spouts (202) for introducing reagent material into the enclosure (A). 18. Equipment for the on-site treatment of hazardous waste to detoxify a desired portion of a geographical area successively to the desired extent, while maintaining the airspace surrounding the waste, which is movable and detoxification is carried out over the soil, and the waste also includes water soluble salts of toxic organic compounds and toxic metals, and at least one conductive drill bit of the device, outwardly movable and longitudinally movable relative to the hunger, the upper and lower ends of the guide drill bit, has a drill shaft and a longitudinal propulsion machine, a pressurized steam water heater and a pressurized water-powered motor-driven pressure pump, characterized by (a) a sealing head (X, Xl) extending downward from the lower end of the frame (W) defining a closed space (A A ') and sealed with the upper surface of a portion of the wrapping head (X Xl) to be detoxified connected lower edge (249); b) rotatable and vertically movable portion of the toxic drill mass (Y, Y ') attached to the lower end of the leading drill chute (164), and the hazardous waste mass (Y, Y *) in a vertically extending space (241,251'); a cutting tool (Y, Y ') for converting and mixing it into a waste material; c) from the water heater (Β, B ') into the space containing the hazardous particle mass (Y, Y') of the water heater (A A '), the volatile organic compounds corresponding to the vapor temperature of the hazardous waste (Y, Y') a conduit (213) for discharging upwardly into a toxic vapor into a confined space (251,251 ') together with the toxic gases present; and d) a pipe (231) vn from the pressure pump (G, G ') for discharging the mixed particulate hazardous waste material into the space of the desired waste mass (Y, Y'), which together with the steam pipe (213) it flows into the pipelines (211) leading to the casing head (X X1). 19. A16. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet side of the fan (C, C ') is provided with a separator unit (*) for separating toxic fumes and gases. 20. A19. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the selection unit (P) is connected to a cooling tower (52) or to a freezing device (400, 402,404) or to an absorbing unit (436). 21. A19. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensing unit (F, F ') is connected to the outlet side of the fan (C, C'), the organic analyzer (F, F) of the sensing unit (F, F) being connected. 273), an inorganic analyzer (275), and a display (277,277 *). 22. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein: j) the dispenser (Η, H ') contains powdered reagent 16 EN 204451 Β is connected to a storage container (239) and to supply reagent material to the enclosure (A, A ', A-1) on one side of the dispenser (Η, H') to an air compressor (247) and on the other side (243, 243 ') and hoses (233) connected to a rotary ring (180); k) the pressure pump (G, G ') is connected to one or more storage tanks (219) containing a liquid chemical, a water tank (227) and a single mixer (223) are provided for diluting the liquid chemical with the pressure pump (G, G'). on the inlet side, and the outlet side of the pressure pump (G, G ') via a pipe (231) with a steam supply pipe (211, 240,242,242 '). 23. Apparatus according to Claim 15, characterized in that a cooling tower (520) is provided with an inlet (520a) and an inlet (520a) to provide the negative pressure required in the closed space (251, 25Γ) under the covering head (X, X1). is connected via an outlet (520b) to the space (A A ', A-1) above the hazardous waste weight (Y, Y') to the return pipe (271) and to the pipe (271) to the fan (C, C ') non-return valves (522,524a) to prevent vapor-gas return. 25 24. A16. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the detector unit (F, F '} is connected to a sample (293) enclosed within a closed space (251,25Γ) above the hazardous waste mass (Y, Y') and the detector unit (293). F, F *) contains a group of instruments (291) for analyzing the sample. 25. A16. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the selection unit (P) connected to the outlet of the fan (C, C ') is a plasma furnace or a catalyst or heat oxidizer. 26. A16. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet side of the fan (C, C ') is connected to a reheating unit (414) via freezing devices (400,402,404), and a receiving vessel (416) is arranged in the freezing devices (400,402,404) to collect condensed liquid. the tank (416) being connected via a conduit (418) to a single bioreactor (420) and a heat oxidizer (422) having a one-way non-return valve (430) with a closed space (251,25Γ) through a conduit (428) has a connection. 27. A16. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the space (A, A ', A-1) containing the hazardous waste mass (Y, Y') is provided with a plasma torch (550), the plasma torch (550) being provided at the lower end of a tube (196). fastened to a tube (196) and also a cutting tool.