HU195366B - Method for the electric supply of electric consumers in a single district of energy according to in time and/or space regulated and/or controlled order by means of centrally e.g. voice-frequency controlled operation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method by means of which periodic loads - which only need to be supplied at time intervals - are subdivided into predetermined groups and subgroups. This avoids or reduces peak loading of the distribution system due to the fact that the loads are connected step by step to the distribution system. An address is allocated to each subgroup. The loads of one subgroup are controlled by audio-frequency code telemessages which contain both the address of the loads to be controlled and the control command to be executed. Code messages are superimposed on the power system voltage by an audio frequency control centre. The code telemessages preferably contain 50 clock pulses and in each case contain a start signal and a combination of signals and signal blanks allocated to predetermined clock pulses. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a method for supplying electrical consumers in an energy range with a time and / or space controlled and / or controlled routine electricity supply, for example by a frequency controlled mode of operation. The method of the invention is particularly applicable to the supply of higher power household electric appliances, such as hot water storage tanks and heat storage stoves, in a controlled and / or controlled manner over time, such as a predetermined energy key, and / or space, e.g. In the process of the invention, consumers are ranked in order.

Two groups of consumers are distinguished for the purposes of the invention.

The first group consists of consumers with a principle of unrestricted operation, such as less efficient household customers, factories, etc. belong. These consumers statistically, repeatedly defined by the time of the season, day and time of day, require and receive approximately the same amount of energy, and their energy or power requirements are virtually given by an upper limit within the energy range defined by the installed mains voltage distribution network. defines a basic load for its components, mainly medium / low voltage transformers and wires.

The second group consists of intermittent consumers whose energy requirements are due to a number of unforeseen circumstances, eg. weather etc. Depending on the number and power requirements, the most important are hot water storage tanks and heat storage stoves. The load on these customers is a periodic load on the distribution network.

It is known that the monotonous increase in demand for energy, which manifests itself in a monotonous increase in the number of consumers, has two main effects, on the one hand, the generation of monotonically increasing energy and, on the other hand, . These two demands are closely intertwined and can only be met by compromising existing capabilities.

As a way of satisfying energy management requirements, the introduction of "peak time shutdown" by the second group of controllable consumers 18 has been introduced as a control solution to make power plant operations more economical and to utilize the power grid more evenly over time1, and the night-time operation of this second group of consumers, according to which they may only be charged between 21 and 06 hours.

These two solutions were realized by connecting the consumers under this control to the grid via a time switch. Whether a particular customer operates at peak time or at night is determined by the individual customer connection decision, which takes into account the load on a particular area of the network, especially the line to the customer. The timing of the on / off switch timers has not been used in either location or time scaling, since the timers are quite inaccurate and in any case, due to their inaccuracy, the timers may allow energy to be drawn when it is unfavorable for power generation.

These two solutions meet the monotonous demand for energy, from the power generating side to the border, as the energy consumption of a significant amount of consumers is better off by the so-called. To "valley periods". From the supplier's point of view, it results in a more even load on the grid below the load limit of the energy district, but does not make any significant difference to the power supply to the grid, since it is only a matter of relieving overloading of the distribution network. allow you to power from a power-consuming consumer mass grid calculated by a correction factor that reflects the load on the grid, so you can't take into account that some consumers only buy power at night or during off-peak hours. When the total power of consumers in the low-voltage transformer district - the sum of the base load and the periodic load regardless of its appearance - has reached the load limit of the wires and the transformer, taking into account the correction factor, the district has become locked, it could not be installed until the network throughput was increased by wiring cross-section expansion and / or transformer replacement. Thus, these solutions provided only a very limited temporal control of the feed of controlled customers, but also at the price that the load of the distribution network was kept well below the load limit during the time periods between the controlled customers.

At the same time, there was also a demand that the amount of energy available from the energy producer side but insufficient in terms of emerging consumer needs should always be best distributed among consumers. This need arises, for example, in extreme cold weather conditions, so that it would be desirable to increase the amount of energy available for heating, while fully supplying power to unaffected consumers, for example at the expense of reducing the amount of energy required to produce spinning water. A further need is that if, for some reason, feeding consumers in a confined part of an energy grid becomes temporarily redundant or temporarily more important than feeding consumers in another region of the energy grid, controlling the power of consumers without overloading the grid be resolved. However, these needs cannot be met with the capabilities of the deployed network and the described control solutions that match the existing network.

It should also be noted that the energy consumption of individual consumers or groups of consumers distinguished in any respect from the grid, due to the grid system, is not selectively measurable in time or space, only within a single energy area, such as a city. the total power consumption and energy consumption of all consumers can be tracked and recorded. These recordable load and consumption values cannot be used alone for spatial control of power supply to consumers in the energy range, either over time - with a delay or even several hours - or with existing control solutions.

The existing and outlined difficulties and shortcomings have led to the development of a method for solving a time and / or space controlled and / or controlled electrical power supply of electricity consumers in a power zone by central operation, such as audio frequency operation. It allows the distribution of available electricity at all times in line with network conditions and environmental conditions, while utilizing network loadability up to its capacity limit without compromising the security of electricity supply at any time by overloading the network.

In order to solve this problem, we had a so-called control system available as a control option. central tone frequency control, which allows the selective switching of individual consumers or groups of consumers and enables a centrally controlled operation.

The invention has been brought about by the conscious use of the otherwise known fact that a nominally 100% -loaded network is actually not 100% -loaded in time. Namely, the power consumption of non-power consumers reaches its maximum value only periodically, which is the value of the basic load of the network, and the power consumption of heat storage stoves and hot water tanks, considered one of the most significant among seasonal consumers, their power, then zero, so their power requirement has jumped from nominal to zero.

The present invention is based on the discovery that when a mass of a sufficiently large number of intermittent consumers of the same function, such as hot water storage tanks, is fed by a charcoal and the change in power consumption of this mass is observed over time, it varies in leaps and bounds, but in a monotonically decreasing curve, which was also confirmed by our experimental measurements for c. This means that if a conductor is connected to a sufficient number of such consumers, the load state of the conductor will change in a monotonically decreasing curve from time to time when the consumer is switched on. If this load, varying according to a monotone decreasing curve, can be applied to each conductor of the energy zone or a part thereof to the same extent and at the same time according to the load capacity of the conductor, the load of the entire energy zone or part thereof. This is particularly true at a time when the base load of the area is negligible. In this case, our statement is also reversed, that is, the percentage of the current load in the area equals the percentage of the load on each line.

Based on this discovery, we have concluded that if power can be supplied to controlled sub-consumers so that the percentage load on the supply lines will vary over time, the unused load between the current load and the load limit of the power line will be the same for each line. , and can be exploited to feed additional consumers without the risk of overloading any of the wires.

The invention thus provides a method for supplying electric consumers in an energy range with time and / or space in a controlled and / or controlled order, centrally, for example, at a voice frequency, with controlled operation, whereby the consumers are ranked by tone. At the beginning of a certain period, by switching the operation of the consumer groups of the distribution network under the control of the power supply network to the consumers of the energy zone at the beginning of a certain period, we then centrally measure the load of each of the connected consumer groups by interrupting the operation of one consumer group and changing the load load in the energy zone when the plant is switched back on. extending the load limit of the power zone until the end of the specified period 36 , while maintaining the order of the consumer groups when turning on each consumer group.

For the purposes of the method of the present invention, an energy zone is defined as a zone in which the consumption of consumers in the zone is centrally derived from an operation control center. Because the low-voltage distribution network is generally radial, power is measured centrally at a power or main power point, so the power zone is typically formed by a power or main power point. If a plurality of energy zones form a larger zone where the consumption of the energy zones included is also centrally measurable, the larger zone also constitutes an energy zone for the purposes of the present invention.

In the process of the invention, the power of any consumer can be controlled. The method can be used very advantageously for the controlled feeding of intermittent consumers, especially heat storage stoves and hot water storage tanks.

The ranking of consumers or groups of consumers is always determined according to the environmental conditions and conditions. For example, in the summer period, we can set up a ranking in which hot water storage tanks take precedence over heat storage stoves, and vice versa.

In the method of the invention, the controlled routine feeding of the consumer is repeated daily over a period of time starting at and ending at a specific time, e.g., between 13 hours and 16 hours, and between 21 hours and the next 06 hours, or longer. carried out.

In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, when switching the operation of a consumer group, the individual power lines of the distribution network in the controlled space are switched simultaneously with 10 to 35%, preferably 20-25%, of the power consumption of the wires.

In the method according to the invention, the centrally controlled operation is carried out, for example, by central tone frequency control.

In the case of central tone frequency control, the switching of the consumers of each consumer group is performed by simultaneously addressing the consumer receivers. In order to address in accordance with a particular code system, such as the R1CONT1C code system B, with a limited number of possible command pairs, one possible and very convenient solution for determining the address of the receivers is as follows. Within the energy area, we determine the areas to be controlled by the smallest control, such as a power supply area, a power supply area, or a medium / low voltage transformer area, and within that area the controlled consumers are classified into appropriate classes, such as hot water storage and heat storage. stove class is distinguished.

For each line in the district, consumers in the same class fed from the line are classified into subgroups with a specific proportion of the load of the line, e.g., 20%, e.g., five hot water storage subgroups per pipeline and five heat storage furnace subgroups, equals 20% of the load of the power supply. In the given district, a number of consumer groups corresponding to the number of subgroups per wiring are formed, one of each subgroup of each wiring in the district, and the receivers of the consumers belonging to each consumer group are given the same address, which also contains information identifying the area . This is repeated for each area of the power zone that you want to control. In this way, addressing a consumer group can be implemented with a command pair.

Of course, the centrally controlled operation may also be effected by transmission of control signals transmitted by other means, such as audio signals, modulated carrier frequencies.

When measuring the load on each power group of connected consumers, the waiting time is determined by the consumer group. For example, this period is preferably 3 hours for heat storage stoves and hot water storage tanks. For the measurement, the customer group is interrupted for 0.2-1 minutes. The measurement of the load of the consumer group with the change of the load during the switch-on of the plant, especially in the case of controlled routine feeding of heat storage stoves and hot water storage tanks, is significant because the temperature sensors built into the consumers have a fairly large insensitivity interval. Thus, in the case of load measurement when the plant is switched on, consumers that are already heated but are still receiving power due to the insensitivity of their temperature sensor will switch off when the plant is shut down, but will not turn on again when switching back on. approach.

In the method of the present invention, when power consumers in the power range are powered by a sufficiently low total power per consumer group, both the power range and each of its wires can be loaded up to its load limit without the risk of overloading any of its wires. the only thing that can be measured in the cnergic zone and the unused load that increases over time between its load limit and when it reaches certain dimensions, another is the load on the wires.

195 366 allows only a fraction of the power to be started to feed another consumer group.

On the one hand, it enables the load limit of the energy zone to be adjusted, thereby continuously utilizing the energy distribution network in a timely manner, and, on the other hand, enables the available amount of energy to be consumed in time and space according to the should be devoted to the supply.

As an unexpected, highly advantageous effect of the process of the present invention, it has been found that the previously considered up to 100 7c network for supplying controlled consumers within the period of 21 to 06 to 13 to 15 hours, as defined by current regulations, In fact, by continuously monitoring the load in the power zone and launching another consumer group within a short period of time after generating a sufficient amount of unused load during the 8-hour and 6-hour hot water storage periods, the power distribution capacity of the distribution network is 300-400% and by changing the load of the energy zone by switching on new consumer groups only hourly i gen can safely meet the energy requirements of a spinning tank and heat storage stove with a power of at least 200% at a given base load during a given feeding period.

Another great advantage of the method according to the invention is that the power consumption of any or all of the consumer groups can be measured quickly within minutes, and the base load of the energy area, which has not been measured before, can be measured.

The advantages of the method according to the invention, as well as the structure of the code telegram used for the controlled routine powering of each consumer group for its advantageous operation with a central tone frequency control, will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings

Figure 1 is a graph showing the daily energy consumption of a plurality of communal districts, with conventional piping fed to hot water storage tanks and heat storage furnaces forming controlled consumers using the method of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a daily load diagram of a communal area provided by a medium / low voltage transformer for conventional and in accordance with the present invention the supply of hot water storage tanks and heat storage stoves to controlled consumers;

Fig. 3 illustrates a structure of a code telegram according to R1CONTIC B for addressing consumer groups to five-bit audio receivers for implementing the method of the present invention in tone-controlled operation;

FIG. 4 illustrates a code telegram corresponding to a former telegram for addressing three consumer bits of consumer groups for addressing three-bit voice receivers of the method of the present invention.

Figure 1 shows a daily energy consumption diagram for a communal area. The dotted line represents the power consumption of the controlled hot water storage tanks for conventional control of the supply of heat storage furnaces, and the solid line indicates the power consumption when fed in accordance with the present invention.

It is clear from the diagram that overall energy consumption is essentially unchanged, but its distribution is significantly more favorable for energy production, with a definite integration of the feeding of controlled consumer groups into the early afternoon and night and dawn feeding periods.

The figure also clearly shows the hourly power on of each consumer stove and hot water conservator during the 21 to 06 hours and from 13 to 16 hours and approx. after half an hour its energy consumption drops significantly.

Figure 2 shows a daily energy consumption diagram of a medium / low voltage transformer district supplying utility consumers.

The figure shows the dashed energy absorbed in the conventional method of controlling the supply of hot water storage and heat storage stoves to the area. A small peak in the morning and a larger peak in the afternoon can be seen, with the peak phase of the hot water and hot water boilers turning on around 20 o'clock and superimposing on the network, especially on its wires and transformer, though monotonous but it basically determines network load by 06:00.

The solid line represents the energy absorbed by the area when carrying out the feeding of hot water storage and heat storage furnaces in accordance with the present invention. The figure clearly shows a smaller early-morning and a larger late-afternoon power peak, which is lower than that measured under conventional control, due to the inaccuracy of the switching hours of preferred period controlled consumer timers, as well as 21-26 hours and 13-16 a significant but more evenly distributed energy consumption of the consumer groups operating in the period from 1 to 2 hours. There is also a noticeable increase in the power consumption of each group of consumers per hour, as well as a decrease in monotonous energy consumption even in the hour of power on.

The difference between the areas under the curves shows

-5195 366 that the method of the present invention utilizes electricity more economically, since controlled consumers operate during their traditional power supply, although most of the time, but only part of the surplus energy consumed is utilized by both conventional and in the case of powering off at 06 o'clock, the same amount of tcrhscheck proves.

It is clear from the figure that, in the method of the invention, the daily distribution of energy consumption is more favorable, lower at peak, higher at valley, and lower and better utilization of total energy in the area.

From the point of view of network load, it can be stated that, in the case of the transformer circuit of the example, when the essentially unchanged consumer mass is fed under the same environmental conditions, the load of the network becomes more uniform. For a power supply according to the invention, a network with about half the load capacity is sufficient than for conventional power supply, so in the case of an existing network the power supply of the invention according to the invention increases the network load by 100% and 100% more consumers. allows for nourishment. The figure shows in a horizontal line the power of the district transformer for powering the consumers according to the invention, which at 20% periodic overload is allowed for the transformer.

The method of the invention provides two types of power supply to the consumer, each of the wires of the area being repeatedly controlled by 20% of the load capacity of each of the wires of the area. a full capacity hot water tank or heat storage stove. In this way, ten consumer groups, each with a nominal load of 20%, are created for each district.

In the case of centralized tone controlled operation, within each area to be controlled, the voice receivers of consumers belonging to one consumer group may be addressed with the same address. Addresses differ by area in the area identification code.

Figure 3 illustrates the structure of a code telegram for addressing a five-bit receiver and Figure 4 for a three-bit receiver for a network having a three-bit and five-bit receiver connected to the network.

In both cases, the code telegram consists of 50 beats allowing transmission of a signal, evaluated as a pulse on the receiving side. A given task, known as triggering a given operation, etc., is defined by a combination of the presence and absence of pulses arriving at each cycle, so that addressing and commanding of the desired operation are performed with active pulses providing high security against interference signals. The code telegram begins with a longer start pulse, followed by a 50-beat interval, with an appropriate pause.

Figure 3 illustrates a structure of a code telegram for operating a 5-bit receiver. 1-10 following the start pulse. The first power supply area, power supply area, or even low-voltage transformer district of the energy area that includes the consumers you want to control, and the address of all receivers within that area are identified.

The second, 20 strokes II. In the first half of Phase B, in our example, Figures 11-20. A receiver is assigned a combination of a signal transmitted at one time and a signal in the other locations in the designated main power area to the receivers assigned to the function (s) performing the function to be performed, such receivers for switching one or the other controlled consumer group. The second II. In the second half of Phase B, in our example, we have 21-30. A combination of the two signals from step 1 and the remaining position in the main power area defined above is assigned to a consumer group consisting of a heat storage stove or a consumer group consisting of spinning tanks.

The third III. The stroke group consists of 20 strokes. The combination of signaling defaults issued within this phase group is used to determine the start or end of a function to be performed by the designated receivers in the preceding phases, and the separation of the operation of the five-bit and three-bit receivers. According to the latter, for operating the 5-bit receivers, only Figs. and paragraphs 41 to 45. 36-40 is used. 46-50. is forbidden to control five-bit receivers. 31-35. 41-45, the signal combination output from step 4, illustrated by a pulse drawn in a dashed line in the figure, provides the receiver with a power-off instruction, i.e., power-off of the consumer group via the receivers; The signal combination output from step 4, which is illustrated in the figure by a pulse drawn in a continuous line, is provided to the receivers with a turn-on instruction, i.e., by switching on the receivers to power the respective consumer group.

Figure 4 illustrates the structure of a code telegram for addressing three-bit receivers. Consistent with the five-bit addressing, the first one, pages 1-10. combining a signal-to-lack signal in step 1, including a step 1, to determine the area of the main power, power, or low-voltage transformer in which the consumer groups are to be powered. The second, 11-30. In the 11th phase including signal phase deficiency with the comm-6195 366 bulletin, receivers belonging to the consumer group of cgy-cgy heat storage stoves and hot water tanks were selected, while the switching of the power supply of the consumers belonging to this group is indicated in FIG. 46-50. 36-40, and switching off is illustrated in FIGS. 36-40. and outputting the signal synchronization illustrated by a dashed pulse in the figure.

The advantage of giving off a disconnection signal with a command to switch off in smaller sequences is that it is possible to issue a command to switch off the group operation and the power immediately thereafter within the same telegram, which greatly facilitates the measurement of the consumer's load on the power area.

The advantage of the described structure of the telegrams is also the so-called telegram. It comes with the quick and easy release of collected commands, which allows one or more planar control of the power zone load with a small number of code telegrams.

Claims (3)

Claims A method for supplying electricity consumers in an energy zone with a time and / or space controlled and / or controlled routine electricity, with a centrally controlled, for example, frequency controlled, ordering of consumers in a time period characterized by control of the distribution network wires By switching the operation of the customer groups of the subgroups of consumers with a given proportion of the load capacity of the individual pipelines to a certain proportion of the load capacity of each line, the load limit of the energy zone is increased disruption of the operation and When switching off 10 of its plants, with the change in load on the energy zone, they are centrally mcgm, based on the measurement result and the load of the energy zone at the time of measurement. based on the measurement result and the energy load at the time of measurement By repeating the operation of the operation of 20 new consumer groups, the load of the energy zone shall be kept within its capacity limit until the end of the specified period, while the order of each of the consumer groups shall be maintained according to the rank order of 25 consumer groups. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, when the operation of a consumer group is switched on, at the same time, the total power consumption of 10 to 35%, preferably 20 to 25% 30 of the load capacity of each line is switched on. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the operation of each consumer group is interrupted for a period of 0.2 to 1 minute.