HU193355B - Apparatus for selective, laminar and mixing deep cultivating soils - Google Patents

Abstract

In the above-described process and apparatus for improving stratified, firm and/or heavy ground, the earth is cut up, loosened and possibly turned over, and the ground preparation tools are mounted on a towable ground preparation machine. By a further refinement of the process the earth is first loosened in at least one layer, then mixed and levelled. The refined apparatus is provided with at least one set of devices (4, 5) for preliminary loosening, as well as with mixing tools and smoothing and compacting tools which act upon at least one layer of earth.

Description

The present invention is an apparatus for selectively and mixing deep cultivation of soils of different qualities and layers.

Known tillage with tillage and without tillage are generally known methods. Soils of varying quality create a soil structure of varying quality, and thus the demands of cultivated plants for nearly identical and good quality soil structures are not met. In addition, neither rotary plowing nor non-rotary loosening results in soil mixing which increases the biological activity of the soil.

By increasing the depth of plowing and loosening, the harder soils can be cultivated more and more loosely or hardly, so their ready-to-sow cultivation requires further so-called post-tillage.

To avoid this, they returned to shallow cultivation, while intensive cultivation requires high-quality deep cultivation of the soil, and developed combined tillage machines for sowing the soil. Such solutions are Hungarian Patent Application No. 179,767 and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 1824/83, Publication No. T / 35902. These combined machines, with their efficiency tools, have dramatically improved the quality of soil tillage in the shallower soil. However, they are not suitable for deep cultivation and mixing of soils.

Deep cultivation of the soils is possible thanks to our stratified cultivation method - OTH basic number: 2538/85 - which consists of loosening the soil of the plowed stubble in two depths, mixing it with a plow and closing it in one pass. Although stratified deep cultivation is a prerequisite for mixer deep cultivation, this solution - with a deep plow - only achieves partial soil mixing because the plow mixes the soil by turning. In addition, this solution does not offer the possibility of selective and thus more economical deep tillage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for complete and economical solution of soil mixer deep cultivation. Because stratified deep cultivation is a prerequisite for agitator deep cultivation, cost-effective solutions also require the development of sophisticated methods of stratified deep cultivation that depend on soil quality and stratification.

The idea of the present invention is based on the recognition that the demand for plants on the soil structure of different quality soils can be met by the use of elaborate cultivation and complete mixing of the required depth.

According to an object of the invention, the invention also includes, before the row of cultivating means, an apparatus having a stubble disc, which comprises a pre-loosening and mixing disc unit, combiner and roller harrow mounted in succession on a carrier frame.

The cultivating means of preferably two pre-loosening units, e.g. self-adjusting blades are alternately disposed on the pre-loosening units in the transverse direction of the machine and are assigned to each pre-loosening cultivator, with a single track, preferably two mixing discs, with independently suspended and adjustable angle mixing discs.

The working depth of the pre-loosener units and agitator units can be varied to operate as shallow pre-loosener and shallow agitator units as well as deep pre-loosener and deep agitator units.

The pre-loosening units and / or the suitably interchangeable combiner and / or the generally spring-loaded bale harrow, e.g. hydraulically folded.

The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the drawing, where a top view of one embodiment of the apparatus is shown.

The assembly of components of the device is opened by a spring-loaded leaking disc 1. This is followed by 2 shallow pre-loosers and 3 deep pre-loosers. The working depth of the 2 shallow pre-loosener is 20-30 cm from the soil surface, the working depth of the 3 deep pre-loosener is 30-40 cm. Any of the variable working depth pre-loosener 2, 3, e.g. mechanically foldable. The shallow mixing disc 4a has a mixing depth _{T of} 20 cm and a deep mixing disc 4b has a mixing depth of 20-40 cm. The agitating depth of the agitating discs 4a, 4b can be advantageously and hydraulically varied. For example, the equipment can be used. including hydraulically driven 5 combines and 6 spring harrows.

The machine can perform mainly the following cultivation choices:

A.) shallow and deep loosening and deep mixing; B.) shallow loosening and deep agitation; C.) deep loosening and deep mixing; D.) shallow and deep loosening and shallow mixing; E.) layered deep mixing.

Example 1

The soil compacted in the full thickness of the cultivated layer is loosened by the shallow pre-loosener 2 and the deep pre-loosener 3. The soil loosened at both depths is thoroughly mixed with the mixing discs 4a, 4b to the maximum depth. With the complete mixing, the soil is cultivated on the surface of the cultivated soil with the combiner 5 and sealed with the roller 6 in one pass.

Example 2

In a layer deeper than 30 cm, loose soil is loosened with the shallow pre-loosener 2 and further described in FIG. follow the example.

Example 3

Loose soil no deeper than 30 cm is loosened with the 3 deep pre-loosener and is further described in Fig. 1. follow the example.

Example 4

In soil deeper than 30 cm, soil defects, eg. saline soil 2; 3 pre-loosers for maximum

-2193355 and mix with both agitating discs 4a and 4b to a depth of about 20 cm, and further to FIG. follow the example.

Example 5

The loose soil at the full thickness of the layer to be cultivated is cultivated using the shallow mixing discs 4a and 4b and will be further described in FIG. follow the example.

Soil cultivation with the equipment according to the invention compared to hitherto rotated and non-rotated tillage: agitator mixing, which increases its fertility by fully mixing the soil to the required depth. Mixer cultivation that improves soil fertility is done sparingly by applying a variety of layering methods that depend on soil quality and stratification.

With our equipment, the tillage can be carried out simultaneously in one pass, even by switching the units of the equipment from one field to another, within the range, to the desired technology.

The device according to the invention is a step forward compared to the known combination tillage machines, which provide interchangeable cultivator elements for surface or shallow cultivation of the soil, by providing a selective solution for deep cultivation of the soil.

Depending on the depth and cultivability of the soil, the cultivating elements of our equipment can be operated and adapted to the desired technology. By increasing each other's efficiency, the cultivating elements create a new quality soil structure in the cultivated layer.

Unlike the general experience that so far has determined the quality of soil tillage, our equipment is now capable of producing high quality deep cultivation that satisfies the needs of the cultivated plants on all soils and conditions.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. An apparatus for soil ornate, layered and deep stirring cultivation, which if necessary has a front line of the cultivating shaft ¹⁰ medium, cutting disc, characterized in that the carrier arrangement frame consecutive with cultivating tools előlazító unit ( 2,3) comprising a mixing disc assembly (4a, 4b), a combiner (5) and a roller (6); advantageously two cultivating means (2,3) as shallow pre-loosening unit (2) and deep pre-loosening unit (3), e.g. self-adjusting knives on the pre-loosening units (2, 3) are alternately arranged in the transverse direction of the device and for each pre-loosening cultivating device, coinciding with each other, preferably two agitator discs (4a, 4b) and ²⁵ agitators (4a) and deep agitators forming a unit (4b), independently suspended and adjustable angle mixing discs are assigned. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working depth of the pre-loosening units (2,3) and the agitating disc units (4a, 4b) is adjustable, 3. Berende according to claim 1 or 2, ³⁵ ing, characterized in that the units előlazító ^, 3) and / or preferably interchangeable combiner (5) and / or, cultivating roller having a plurality of spring-biasing from, e. hydraulically folded.