HU185571B - Device and method for growing seedlings of covered roots as well as apparatus for planting out the seedlings grown according to method - Google Patents

Abstract

Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device and method for growing seedlings with implanted root systems and to planting seedlings grown by the method. The device according to the invention comprising a strip of flexible material suitable for winding the web is provided with transverse ribs extending substantially perpendicular to the plane from the ribbed ribbon, the ribs of which, in the state of the wound strap of the device, resting on the back of the webbing, are separated by a separate cell of the roll layers. According to the method, the ribbons of the ribbed ribbon strap inserted into the plane are filled with growing medium, especially ground, and the strap is wound up and the cellular wound straps thus formed are placed side by side on their face and the seedlings or propagation material introduced by the seedlings or cellular seedling are wound up to the required breeding time for the required breeding time. in the carcasses of the straps, raised separately from each other, with the exclusion of root constriction. For implantation, the wound belt is wound off, and the seeded seedlings are brought together with the ground slice containing the root system into the planted soil. Equipment for attaching the straps to the implant can be used as an adapter. Patent: (73) Forestry Science Institute, Budapest -1-

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device and a method for growing seedlings with an enveloped root system, and to an apparatus for planting seedlings grown by this method.

Suitably for winding, the device of the present invention having a web of flexible material has transverse ribs extending substantially perpendicular to the planar web, from which the web is pivoted from one end of the web to the back of the ^J web. According to the method, the ribbed webs of the flat belt conveyor belt are filled with a growing medium, in particular earth, then the belt is rolled up and the cell rolls thus formed are placed side by side on their foreheads, and are cultivated separately in each other in their parent cells, with the exclusion of root growth.

For planting, the rolled-up strap is ponded, and the trained seedlings, together with the root slice containing the root system, are placed in the open soil with the planting machine. A device designed to be mounted on the planter can be used to unroll the straps.

-1185571

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device for cultivating enveloped seedlings comprising a flexible, preferably thermoplastic, plastic web for roll formation, and a method for growing enveloped seedlings in a growing medium interposed between roll layers of rolled web, in particular fruit. The invention also relates to an apparatus for planting seedlings grown by a method, which is adapted to be mounted on a power plant, in particular a tractor, or a self-propelled planter fitted with at least one soil opening device and preferably a slit recloser.

In crop production practice, especially in forestry, there is a relatively short time (a few weeks in spring and autumn) for the proper placement and planting of the plant propagation material (saplings) in the soil. The cultivation and planting of seeded root and cotyledons (with ball) is a worldwide goal and a variety of methods. It is partly aimed at growing seedlings! reducing relapse, in part by prolonging planting time relative to the availability of free-radical seedlings.

There are many methods of cultivating wrapped seedlings, including the Paperpot method, which involves seedling in paper cells. The seedling enters the soil together with the paper cell, where the paper cell is continuously degraded. The application of this method is very limited and costly, mainly due to the small size of the seedlings thus grown. Attempts are being made to grow seedlings with longer vines.

Another established and locally applied method of cultivating wrapped seedlings is the so called. plastic seedling seedling cultivation. A means for accomplishing this in a winding cell is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. British Patent Specification. Although the preparation of the device itself seems to be a simple operation, it has been proved in practical application that opening pouches made by doubling foil paths and forming seams, filling them with medium, turning them into rolls and removing them from the root system extremely labor intensive. In addition, the root system of seedlings grown in a round plastic bag has, according to widespread studies, often exhibited a circular growth. This circular growth cannot be stopped by the seedling even after it has been planted outdoors.

Circular growth of seedling roots has been attempted in several ways. A variation of this is a tapered flasks or a concave inner rib of the flasks. Both processes require expensive packaging. In addition, mechanized planting of seedlings is not sufficiently solved.

If the enveloped seedlings with or without rooting material enter the ground together with the growing medium (without them), they are practically cotyledons (globular, non-free-rooting).

Such a seedling is known as the so-called. Nyssula roll seedling. This essentially simplifies the application of the above-mentioned British patent, since it involves placing one-year-old saplings, usually one year, in a layer of plastic film, and wrapping the film in a roll.

The rooting of the seedlings in the coil finds space within the limits of the film strip. Seedlings grown in this way greatly contribute to the success of planting (afforestation). The disadvantage of the process is that the roots of the seedlings are strongly convergent laterally and when the rolls are broken, the seedlings are difficult to separate, the roots are severely damaged and most of the growing medium is detached from the roots. According to the established practice, seedlings delivered to the planting site in a roll of foil are extracted from the foil and subsequently treated similarly to free-seeded seedlings. It is customary to separate the seedlings extracted from the foil _{with a} sharp tool by cutting the entangled roots, ie cutting the roll.

Particularly in order to eliminate the said lateral root inclusions and partly to develop a complete and highly mechanized technological system covering the entire sequence of media preparation - planting - cultivation - transplantation, it is proposed to implement the 165-1888. A method and apparatus known from the Hungarian patent application, which produces the necessary compacted nutritional bars, making and using appropriate seedlings suitable for the local conditions at all times. These are preferably surrounded by a plastic film, the wrapped feed bars are cut to desired lengths, the cut pieces are band-linked and seeded into the connected feed rod pieces. The seed rods are wound, baled, bale-wrapped, and provide optimum environmental conditions for the growth of the plant until known to reach seedling maturity. At the planting site, the cover of the nut rod is cut and pre-emerged seedlings are planted, if necessary, using appropriate machinery. One disadvantage of the known process described above is that the circular, circular root growth mentioned above in connection with the cultivation of the round-shaped plastic bag seedling is not avoided. Another major disadvantage is the large number of operations, labor-intensive operations and the complexity of the associated machinery that provide the necessary additional conditions for carrying out the process. Whether using plastic foil wrapping, tape-like bonding, high-wound winding, baling, and bundling, or using mold-box education and implantation, which are also known from the foregoing description, the process is complicated, labor-intensive, and material-intensive.

Another known method for growing cotyledon seedlings is the so-called seedling. 'Alucella' seedling. The essence of allucellular education is that, by placing aluminum sheets, which are shaped properly, create hexagonal cavities similar to those used in apiculture. These sheets are filled with growing medium (earth), stapled in a 20-30 range. Applying seed-based seeding to the top part, they grow seedlings in each cell. When planting, each boundary leaf is individually spaced apart from the seedlings grown in the cell but without the cover;

Alucellus seedlings showed adequate growth. However, the disadvantage of the process is the complexity of making such containers: deformation of the sheets and inability to reuse them; the difficulty of dismantling the containers and hence the inability of planting to be mechanized, and the small size of the trained cells, which does not allow for more intense root development. The procedure has been discontinued due to the relative failure and inefficiency of in-house testing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a device and method, free of the above drawbacks and disadvantages of the above known methods, for cultivating enveloped root seedlings that allows easy, valuable and viable cotyledons to be grown and removed from the container.

The object of the present invention is achieved by the construction and use of a tangible device having transverse ribs of the same height, which are correctly fixed on the web, and which are perpendicular to each other and extend at a perpendicular distance from a flat web of defined width; on the backside of the web, defining spaced-apart breeding cells are defined between the roll layers having a spacing corresponding to the spacing and the height of the ribs. Preferably, the device is made of a thermoplastic material. Embodiments of the device according to the invention have been found in which the web and the projecting ribs are preferably joined together by material extrusion, or where the ribs are suitably pre-folded or welded onto a expanded support film by welding. or wherein the ribbon webbing consists of a single flexible web webbing, wherein the ribs are of a width, preferably welded, taped or glued, to the ribs measured from the ribs of the webs covered by the web webbing.

^! In order to accomplish this goal, we have made it possible to make a plastic strap similar to a caterpillar which, after placing a one-year-old seedling or seed, could be filled in a form expanded with soil (growing medium) and then rolled like a Nyssula roll. The roll formed in this manner is similar to the Nyssula roll except that the center of the spirally wrapped plastic film is divided into caterpillar-shaped dividing walls by regular sized growth cells. The ribs of the tightly wound plastic film press against the back wall of the previous layer to prevent lateral root growth of the seedlings.

According to the experiences of the experiments conducted reared foster cellular rolls according to the invention show glomerular seedlings compared raised to during the same time achieved a greater diameter known Nyssula rolls and proven viable rigor, This is a consequence of that the 50 x 24 mm ² cross section and a 200 mm In long cells, much more soil (growing medium) is provided per seedling than in Nyssula rolls. Extraction of seedlings from the roll after unfolding of the roll can be accomplished with insignificant root damage due to the large elimination of root aggregations. In addition, the seeding of seedlings by means of a seeding machine can be solved with a very simple additional equipment.

The method of cultivating enveloped root seedlings according to the invention consists in filling the ribs of the transverse ribbed, flexible, flat ribbed, flexible ribbed web with a growing medium, in particular earth, by compressing the growing medium the seed cell rolls thus formed are preferably placed in a large mass adjacent to each other on their foreheads and the seedlings are grown separately from the seed cell roll cells for the necessary growing time. In other preferred embodiments of the method, saplings of the size to be "trained" in the transverse ribbed, flat ribbed flexible webbing belt are inserted prior to, or simultaneously with, the same root position prior to filling with the growing medium. Another or a further embodiment is that a sufficient amount of propagating material, preferably seeds, is seeded per cell into the growth cells of the belt, which is filled with the growing medium and placed on its forehead. insert it. In each case, it has proven advantageous to wind the webbing strap around a hollow vent, in particular a pipe piece, of at least approximately the same length as the web, and to rewind the rolled webbing. loosening is preferably provided by a bandage.

For planting seedlings grown in accordance with the present invention, an apparatus may be used which is preferably adapted to be mounted on a power plant, in particular a tractor, or a self-propelled planter fitted with at least one soil splitter and preferably a slit recloser. The device according to the invention preferably comprises at least one seating position which is adjustable for seating, adjustable depending on body size, with at least approximately a horizontal work table and a device for unrolling or facilitating the winding strap. battery. It has been found advantageous for the apparatus to include at least one trough-like recess formed in the work table as a structural component for unwinding the wound web. As a unit for facilitating or suitable unwinding of the rolled-up strap, the apparatus may also comprise a horizontal disk rotatably mounted on a work table around a vertical axis having a diameter approximately equal to the largest outer diameter of the rolled-up strap. In order to facilitate handling, a centering projection, in particular a tubular member or a pin, is disposed on the disc base, which is coaxial with the axis of rotation and extends upwards. The disc base may be freewheeled or may have braked bearings. For continuous operation, the device is preferably provided with a plurality of winding strap retaining devices, e.g. with the right size desk, container, tow, etc. is also provided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in connection with exemplary and preferred embodiments and embodiments. In the drawing it is

Figure 1 is an axonometric view of a web conveyor belt (as an exemplary device of the present invention) illustrating the main characteristic dimensions,

Fig. 2 is an axonometric diagram illustrating an exemplary device in a (rolled-up) condition of a strap for detecting separate parent cells;

Figure 3 is a side elevational view of an exemplary ribbon web sectional having the same ribs and ribbon in material;

Figure 4 is a sectional view of another exemplary web conveyor belt formed by welding of a carrier film and a folded plastic web,

Figure 5 is a profile view of another exemplary webbing belt formed by folding from a single webbing and surface jointing along the ribs,

Figure 6 is an axonometric view of a highlighted portion of a webbing belt planted with seedlings "to be trained" before being rolled up and filled with growing medium (earth),

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the "trained" sapling grown using the device according to the invention, prior to transplanting,

Figure 8 is a simplified side elevational view of an exemplary planter adapter of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is an elevated axonometric diagram showing an embodiment of an exemplary planter adapter workbench;

Fig. 10 is an axonometric diagram illustrating another exemplary desktop design.

1 and 2, shown in Figures 1 and 2, illustrate the conceptual design, characteristic, defining parameters, and characteristic rolling characteristics of a "crawler" flexible winding device according to the present invention. Preferably 1 = max. It extends substantially perpendicularly from a strip of 3 meters and extends from a belt track 11 of width S = 200 mm, preferably spaced at intervals of t = 50 mm. The rib spacing 2 of the ribs 12 h = 25 mm in height from such a strip web belt 1 (Figure 1) to a multi-layered pipe piece 13, which preferably provides internal ventilation, in the order preceding the inner roll layer 11 to the backside of the web. It will be readily appreciated that in the process of filling the growth cells 101 with the growing medium 4 (preferably carried out in the extended condition of the web conveyor belt 1 prior to winding), e.g. 3 saplings in a completely separate way, eg. can be reared ("trained") without the risk and possibility of root growth up to the desired breeding season. The wound straps 10 may be secured by wrapping 14, preferably using a foil or multi-thread twine to prevent unwinding or loosening.

Preferably, the web conveyor belt 1 itself is made of a plastic material of sufficient flexibility, preferably of thermoplastic material. Assuming high-volume tool manufacturing, film extrusion or By section extrusion, it can be produced in an analogous manner so that the web 11 and the ribs 12 form a single, multi-rib section of the same material as a single structural element which, after extrusion, can be cut into ribbon webs 1 of desired width. Simpler or easier. according to another method of production, the web conveyor belt 1 may consist of a suitably pre-folded plastic tape 112 applied to the support film 111 by welding rib sealing.

Belt conveyor belt I (Figure 4). Assuming proper foil material (not necessarily plastic), the web conveyor belt 1 is only flexible

Alternatively, the ribs 12 may be formed from the ribs 12, which are formed by the welding or gluing of the respective widths of the track areas A, which are covered by folding the ribbon path 11, respectively. (Figure 5)

An exemplary embodiment of the method of the invention based on the device of the invention described above in detail is described with reference to Figure 6.

The ribs 2 of the flat belt 1 are aligned with one of their edges at one of the edges of the belt 1 and their roots are located in the 2 spacers. After placing the seedlings 3, the ribbed webs 2 are filled with the appropriate soil as the growing medium 4 up to the height A of the ribs 12, suitably compacted, and preferably from one end of the webbing belt 1 to an approx. It is tightly wound onto a piece 13 of a diameter of 6 cm and a length of 20 cm, i.e. the width of the ribbon belt 1, which is equal to the width s. The implanted wound straps 10 thus produced are placed in the open and turned on their foreheads close to one another. They usually grow "trained" seedlings over a growing season, which, by the way, is grown in the same way as seedlings in the open or in well-known Nyssula rolls. An important difference, however, is that, due to the appropriate size of the growing cells 101, seedlings grown in a more open position can be more easily treated with pesticides. According to a further preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, the seedlings can also be grown by inserting the propagation material into the growing cells 101 of the winding belts 10 filled with the growing medium 4 on their foreheads by seeding per cell.

Although pre-emerged, trained seedlings may be manually picked from the rolled straps 10 at the planting site, placed in a tray and planted without any special equipment or adapter by any known machine, it has been advantageous to develop and use additional equipment for seeding seedlings.

The machine according to the invention, as an accessory adapter for planting seedlings by machine, can be easily prepared and mounted on virtually any planter.

In the present case, the known planting machines are equipped with a device designed as an additional adapter. An essential element of this is, by way of example, only the examples 8 to 10. 1 to 2, a nearly horizontal work table 91 is placed in front of a worker sitting in the planter, depending on body size. By way of example, the planting adapter 9 can be constructed as a power unit, in particular a tractor unit 5, which is coupled to the tractor by means of a towing mechanism 6, with a splitting iron 7 and a compacting wheel 8, arranged as at least one A convenient way of operating the apparatus is to place the implanted worker in the recess 911 of the work table 91 in a reclined position 911 to prevent the belt from rolling during unwinding, i.e. unwinding. The rolled-up strap 10 is pulled laterally by the worker towards himself, thereby returning the ribs to an upright position, whereby the saplings 3 grown in the growing cells 101 are released together with the root slice 41 (Fig. 7). The planting worker pushes the penultimate seed from the laterally pulled portion of the strap with a suitable means (this may be a pipe piece 13 used as a winding aid), simultaneously lifting the last 3 seedlings together with the soil slice 41 For planters of the type A, the planting arm, etc. inserts.

In another preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, a freestanding disc 9121, preferably provided with a centering pin 9121, is provided on the work table 91, instead of a recess 911, on which the unwindable winding strap 10 can be mounted and thus easily detached. The disk plate 912 may also be braked to prevent it from being "run-down". Hereinafter, the process of peeling, spreading and planting may be carried out in a manner analogous to that described above. On other parts of the implement mounted on the planter, possibly in a container mounted on the tractor, a sufficiently large set of 10 straps may be provided to ensure continuity of the planting operation.

The emptied belt conveyor belts 1 are collected and, after any necessary repairs, most of them are reused.

The advantage of the device and seeding method according to the invention is that the production of the belt conveyor belts 1 as a device does not require any simple, costly investment, and the belts are reusable. Cultivated seedlings are planted in the growing medium at the place of their original cultivation until they are planted, and with their relatively minimal chance of being reared to their final place of production. The seedling training by the method and device of the present invention is less time consuming than the known Nyssula winding, while the seedlings grown without rooting are significantly more valuable and viable. It is also possible to mechanize the winding operation. No circular growth occurs during root development of seedlings. Because of its direct applicability to machine evacuation, the process fits well into modern forest regeneration technologies. The invention

Claims (15)

Patent claims A device for cultivating enveloped cone seedlings comprising a flexible web, preferably thermoplastic, which is suitable for roll forming, characterized in that it has a defined width (s) extending substantially perpendicular to each other and spaced from the planar web (11) height (h) having transverse ribs (12) correctly secured to the web (11), the edges of which extend to the back of the web (11) in the condition of the coiled web (10) (12) defining spacing cells (101) spaced according to its height (h), An embodiment of the device according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural material is preferably a thermoplastic material. Embodiment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ribbon web (11) and the protruding ribs (12) are preferably fabricated together in the same structural element by means of ribbing. An embodiment of the device according to claim 2, characterized in that the ribs (12) are located on an expanded barrel film (111), preferably by welding, from a suitably pre-folded second plastic strip (112) or. are made of foil. An embodiment of the device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it consists of a single flexible web track (11), wherein the webs (12) are the height of the web (12) measured from the web edge, respectively. (m) wide, preferably by welding or gluing. 6 See pages 1-5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the extended strip track (11) of up to horror meter length (1) has ribs (11) of approximately 25 mm nominal height (h) arranged in a curve (t) of approximately 200 mm width (s). 12) contains. 7 A method for growing seedlings of wrapped cone in a growing medium disposed between roll layers of a rolled web, characterized in that a transversely ribbed, planar, flexible ribbed webbing extends in a spacious manner with a particularly spaced web, and the seeding rolls formed in this way are preferably placed in a large mass adjacent to each other on their foreheads and the seedlings are grown separately from the seeding cells in the rolled belts for the necessary growing time. 8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that tree trunks of the size to be "trained" are placed in the vicinity of the transversely ribbed, flat ribbed flexible webbing rib 5 prior to or simultaneously with filling with the growing medium. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein a sufficient number of propagating material, preferably seeds, is seeded per cell in the growth cells of the winding belt, which is filled with the growing medium and placed on its face. insert it. 10. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the web conveyor belt is wound around a hollow vent, in particular a pipe piece, of at least approximately the same length as the width of the web conveyor, and that the coiled web is unwound. loosening is preferably provided by a bandage. 11. Apparatus according to claims 7-10. A method for planting seedlings grown by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is adapted to be mounted on a power machine, in particular a tractor, or a self-propelled planter with at least one soil opening device and preferably a slit recloser which is adjustable depending on body size, at least approximately with a horizontal work table (91) and for unwinding the wound strap (10), or at least with a structural unit for facilitating it; battery. An embodiment of the apparatus of claim 11, characterized in that it comprises at least one trough-like recess (911) formed in the working table (91) as a structural element for unwinding the wound belt ⁵ (10). 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the unit (912), which is rotatably mounted on a work table (91), has a diameter of 10, 10 which is rotatably mounted on a work table (91) as a structural unit for facilitating or suitable unwinding of the wound belt ¹⁰ (10). the maximum outside diameter of the coiled strap (10) that is equal to ¹⁵ lítőleg. An embodiment of the apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the disk base (912) is provided with a centering projection, in particular a tubular member or pin ²⁰ (9121), which is coaxial with its axis of rotation. An embodiment of the apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the work table (91) has a freestanding, optionally braked, disc base (912). ²⁵ 16. A 11-15. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is provided with a plurality of means for keeping the reeled straps (10) in stock.