HRP990026A2 - Clay block for structural walls - Google Patents
Clay block for structural wallsInfo
- Publication number
- HRP990026A2 HRP990026A2 HRP990026A HRP990026A2 HR P990026 A2 HRP990026 A2 HR P990026A2 HR P990026 A HRP990026 A HR P990026A HR P990026 A2 HRP990026 A2 HR P990026A2
- Authority
- HR
- Croatia
- Prior art keywords
- block
- central body
- plaster
- brick
- side wings
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011464 hollow brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Retaining Walls (AREA)
Description
Područje izuma Field of invention
Izum je iz područja građevinarstva. The invention is from the field of construction.
Izum se odnosi na blok-opeku koja je pogodna za izgradnju nosivih zidova, te osobito pogodna da se uklone termičke površine. The invention relates to a block-brick that is suitable for the construction of load-bearing walls, and particularly suitable for removing thermal surfaces.
Stanje tehnike State of the art
Kao što je poznato, za izgradnju nosivih zidova ili drugih vanjskih zidova koriste se blokovi opeke koji su sastavljeni iz šuplje opeke koja je povezana žbukom i postavljena u cik-cak rasporedu. As is known, for the construction of load-bearing walls or other external walls, brick blocks are used, which are composed of hollow bricks that are connected with mortar and placed in a zigzag arrangement.
Budući da je blok-opeka jednake visine, događa se da se cik-cak raspored može postići samo ako su donji blokovi neporavnati, ali između slojeva postoji kontinuirani sloj žbuke. Kao posljedica toga, sloj žbuke ispunjava prostor cijelom dužinom bloka, pa prema tome i cijelom dužinom zida. Since the block-brick is of equal height, it happens that the zig-zag arrangement can only be achieved if the lower blocks are uneven, but there is a continuous layer of plaster between the layers. As a result, the plaster layer fills the space along the entire length of the block, and therefore along the entire length of the wall.
Termička vodljivost žbuke u odnosu na onu cementa ili nekog ekvivalentnog vezujućeg materijala se vrlo razlikuje, zato jer u žbuki postoje prostori ispunjeni zrakom što izaziva termičku izolaciju, te smanjuje masu blok-opeke. Takozvane termičke površine nastaju jer postoje kontinuirani slojevi žbuke između vanjskog i unutrašnjeg dijela građevine. Termičke površine su preferentna područja gotovo izravnog prijenosa topline što je potpuna suprotnost prema cilju kojem se teži, to znači izoliranje pomoću zračnog prostora koji postoji u opeci. Takvih termičkih površina, kao što je navedeno, ima u svakom redu blok-opeke, što znači da su površine za izmjenu topline te sveukupne termičke površine značajne. Ustvari, treba izvršiti dodatno punjenje da se izbjegne ili smanji prijenos i gubitak topline. The thermal conductivity of plaster compared to that of cement or an equivalent binding material is very different, because in the plaster there are spaces filled with air, which causes thermal insulation, and reduces the mass of block bricks. The so-called thermal surfaces are created because there are continuous layers of plaster between the outer and inner parts of the building. Thermal surfaces are preferential areas of almost direct heat transfer, which is the complete opposite of the intended goal, that is, insulation using the air space that exists in the brick. As mentioned, there are such thermal surfaces in each row of block bricks, which means that the heat exchange surfaces and the overall thermal surface are significant. In fact, additional charging should be performed to avoid or reduce heat transfer and loss.
Štoviše, što svakako treba naglasiti, budući da su blokovi u obliku pravilnog kvadra, oni su međusobno povezani vezivnim djelovanjem žbuke. Ako iz bilo kojeg razloga, primjerice zbog vibracija izazvanih potresom ili nečeg drugog, žbuka smanji ili sasvim izgubi vezujuće djelovanje, blokovi postaju međusobno neovisni i kao posljedica toga zid koji je načinjen od takvih blokova može se prilično lako srušiti. Moreover, what should be emphasized, since the blocks are in the shape of a regular cube, they are connected to each other by the binding action of plaster. If for any reason, for example due to vibrations caused by an earthquake or something else, the plaster reduces or completely loses its binding effect, the blocks become mutually independent and as a result, a wall made of such blocks can collapse quite easily.
Cilj ovoga izuma je prevladavanje ograničenja sadašnje tehnike. The aim of this invention is to overcome the limitations of the current technique.
Rješenje problema s primjerima izvođenja Solution of problems with examples of execution
Prvi cilj kojega želimo postići je da se načini takva blok-opeka koja je pogodna za primjenu u izgradnji nosivih zidova ili za gradnju izvan nosivih zidova pri čemu je poželjno stvarno i učinkovito uklanjanje termičkih površina. The first goal we want to achieve is to make such a block-brick that is suitable for use in the construction of load-bearing walls or for construction outside of load-bearing walls, where it is desirable to actually and effectively remove thermal surfaces.
Sljedeći cilj kojega želimo postići je da sveza između blokova koji sačinjavaju zid bude nepomična tako da snažni vibracijski udari, kao što su potresi, mogu dovesti samo do razmjernog povećanja čvrstoće zida koji je načinjen od blok-opeke. The next goal we want to achieve is that the connection between the blocks that make up the wall is immovable so that strong vibration shocks, such as earthquakes, can only lead to a proportional increase in the strength of the block-brick wall.
Sljedeći cilj je da se postigne izgradnja zida koja je brža i jednostavnija, te posebice da se pojednostavni postavljanje cementnog veziva između blokova. The next goal is to achieve faster and simpler wall construction, and especially to simplify the installation of the cement binder between the blocks.
Svi ovi gore navedeni i drugi ciljevi koji će kasnije biti bolje objašnjeni mogu se ostvariti primjenom blok-opeke koja je pogodna za izgradnju nosivih zidova koji se sastoji iz množine navedenih blokova koji su međusobno povezani žbukom, navedeni blok sukladno sadržaju prvog patentnog zahtjeva karakteriziran je time što se sastoji iz središnjeg bloka i dviju bočnih krila koja su jednako pomaknuta u paralelnim ravninama, pri čemu navedena krila sačinjavaju bar jedan prostor za smještaj tijela sljedećeg, bar sličnog blok koji gradi zid. All of the above-mentioned and other goals that will be better explained later can be achieved by using block-bricks that are suitable for the construction of load-bearing walls consisting of a plurality of the mentioned blocks that are connected to each other with plaster, the said block in accordance with the content of the first patent claim is characterized by which consists of a central block and two side wings that are equally displaced in parallel planes, whereby said wings make up at least one space for housing the body of the next one, at least similar to the block that builds the wall.
Sukladno jednoj realizaciji ovog izuma, bočna krila blok-opeke pomaknuta su u odnosu na središnje tijelo u vertikalnom smjeru. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the side wings of the block-brick are displaced relative to the central body in the vertical direction.
U sljedećoj realizaciji bočna krila su pomaknuta u oba smjera: u vertikalnom i u horizontalnom. In the following version, the side wings are moved in both directions: vertically and horizontally.
Daljnje karakteristike i osobitosti ovog izuma mogu se bolje istaknuti opisom dviju poželjnih realizacija izuma koje su dane približno i bez ograničenja, te su prikazane priloženim crtežima: Further characteristics and peculiarities of this invention can be better highlighted by the description of two preferred embodiments of the invention, which are given approximately and without limitation, and are shown in the attached drawings:
- slika 1 prikazuje blok-opeku za izgradnju sukladno prethodnoj tehnici; - picture 1 shows block-brick for construction according to the previous technique;
- slika 2 prikazuje u perspektivi prvu realizaciju blok-opeke prema ovom izumu; - figure 2 shows in perspective the first realization of the block-brick according to this invention;
- slika 3 prikazuje u perspektivi operativnu inačicu blok-opeke sukladno ovom izumu; - figure 3 shows in perspective the operational version of the block-brick according to this invention;
- slika 4 prikazuje u perspektivi i sa izrezom zid koji je načinjen od blok-opeke ovog izuma; - figure 4 shows in perspective and with a cutout a wall made of block-bricks of this invention;
- slika 5 je presjek zida na slici 4. - picture 5 is a section of the wall in picture 4.
Ako pogledamo gore navedene crteže, može se uočiti da slika 1 prikazuje blok-opeku za izgradnju zidova sukladno prethodnoj tehnici, koja je kao cjelina označena brojem 1. Takav blok, zapravo kvadar, ima niz kanala 2 kojima se postiže smanjenje mase bloka, te stvara zračni prostor, čime se također postiže termičko izoliranje, Može se također uočiti da bočne stijenke 3 i 4 imaju površine s izbočenim i udubljenim stijenkama tako da čine nepomični spoj između blokova koji pripadaju istom horizontalnom redu. If we look at the above drawings, it can be seen that picture 1 shows a block-brick for building walls in accordance with the previous technique, which as a whole is marked with the number 1. Such a block, actually a cuboid, has a series of channels 2 that achieve a reduction in the mass of the block, creating air space, which also achieves thermal insulation. It can also be seen that the side walls 3 and 4 have surfaces with protruding and recessed walls so that they form a fixed connection between the blocks belonging to the same horizontal row.
Slika 2 prikazuje pogled u perspektivi na blok-opeku sukladno ovom izumu koja je ustvari jednakih dimenzija kao i ona prethodne tehnike koja je prikazana na slici 1, ali ovdje središnje tijelo 5 ima šuplje kanaliće 9 s dva bočna krila 6 i 7 koji su jednako pomaknuti u odnosu na središnje tijelo 5 u paralelnim ravninama te, u slučaju na slici 2, oba krila su pomaknuta prema gore. Ovakvo oblikovanje blok-opeke, koje je kao cjelina označeno s 10, omogućuje stvaranje prostora koji je smješten između gornje ravnine 51 i središnjeg tijela 5 te vertikalnih ravnina 61 i 71 bočnih krila 6 i 7, u kojem je žbuka, označena s 8 na slici 5. Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a brick block according to this invention which is actually of the same dimensions as that of the prior art shown in Figure 1, but here the central body 5 has hollow channels 9 with two side wings 6 and 7 which are equally offset in relation to the central body 5 in parallel planes and, in the case of Figure 2, both wings are moved upwards. This shaping of the block-brick, which as a whole is marked with 10, enables the creation of a space located between the upper plane 51 and the central body 5 and the vertical planes 61 and 71 of the side wings 6 and 7, in which the plaster, marked with 8 in the picture 5.
Kao što se može vidjeti na slici 2, gornji dio svakog krila 6 i 7, označen sa 62, odnosno 72, te noseći dio označen sa 63, odnosno 73, su nagnute padajuće ravnine nagnute prema van od središnjeg tijela. Kao što se može uočiti na slici 5, utjecaj nagnutosti graničnih površina bočnih krila je dvojak: on sprječava kišu ili neki drugi izvor vode koji dolazi izvana da uđe u zidove te povećava dodirnu površinu između dviju blokova pa tako maksimalno doprinosi povezivanju blokova bez stavljanja žbuke između njih. Zapravo, kao što se može vidjeti na slici 5 i sukladno onome što je prije navedeno, žbuka se stavlja samo u prostor koji je omeđen gornjom ravninom i središnjim tijelom, što je označeno kao cjelina brojem 55. Stavljanje žbuke 8 samo u gore navedeni prostor 55 rezultira uklanjanjem termičkih površina koje bi žbuka 8 načinila između vanjskog i unutrašnjeg dijela zida, što je označeno sa E i I kada bi se ona protegla na obje strane zida. Jasno je da nagnute ravnine 72 i 73 zaustavljaju prijenos topline izvana prema unutra i obrnuto jer održava kontinuitet zračnih kanalića 9 u blok-opeci. As can be seen in Figure 2, the upper portion of each wing 6 and 7, designated 62 and 72, respectively, and the supporting portion designated 63 and 73, respectively, are inclined descending planes inclined outwardly from the central body. As can be seen in Figure 5, the influence of the inclination of the boundary surfaces of the side wings is twofold: it prevents rain or any other source of water coming from the outside to enter the walls and increases the contact surface between the two blocks, thus contributing to the maximum connection of the blocks without putting plaster between them them. In fact, as can be seen in Figure 5 and in accordance with what was stated before, the plaster is placed only in the space bounded by the upper plane and the central body, which is indicated as a whole by the number 55. Putting the plaster 8 only in the above-mentioned space 55 results in the removal of thermal surfaces that plaster 8 would create between the outer and inner parts of the wall, which is marked with E and I if it were to extend on both sides of the wall. It is clear that the inclined planes 72 and 73 stop the transfer of heat from the outside to the inside and vice versa because it maintains the continuity of the air ducts 9 in the brick block.
Daljnji učinak izazvan nagnutim ravninama 62 i 63, te 72 i 73 sastoji se u činjenici da, što se vidi na slici 5, blok 10 ne može biti lako pomaknut čak i djelovanjem jakih udara jer je učvršćen, neovisno o djelovanju žbuke 8, između gornjih i donjih blokova. A further effect caused by the inclined planes 62 and 63, and 72 and 73 consists in the fact that, as can be seen in Figure 5, the block 10 cannot be easily moved even by the action of strong impacts because it is fixed, independently of the action of the plaster 8, between the upper and lower blocks.
Učinak nepomičnog spoja može se nadalje pojačati ako blok-opeka ovog izuma ima oblik koji je prikazan na slici 3. U tom slučaju blok-opeka, koja je kao cjelina označena brojem 20, ima središnje tijelo 21 i dva bočna krila 22 i 23 koja su pomaknuta u odnosu na središnje tijelo u vertikalnom smjeru, što je označeno s V, ali su također pomaknuta u horizontalnom smjeru, što je označeno s O. U tom slučaju je razumljivo da je blok 20 učvršćen ne samo vertikalno, nego također i horizontalno, to znači u smjeru reda pri gradnji zida, koji se gradi jednakim blokovima. To se može uočiti u pogledu u perspektivi na slici 4 koja prikazuje neke blokove 20 koji su međusobno povezani i čine nosivi zid. The effect of the fixed joint can be further enhanced if the block-brick of the present invention has the shape shown in Figure 3. In this case, the block-brick, which as a whole is designated by the number 20, has a central body 21 and two side wings 22 and 23 which are moved in relation to the central body in the vertical direction, which is indicated by V, but they are also moved in the horizontal direction, which is indicated by O. In this case, it is understandable that the block 20 is fixed not only vertically, but also horizontally, that means in the direction of the row when building a wall, which is built with equal blocks. This can be seen in the perspective view of Figure 4, which shows some blocks 20 that are connected to each other and form a load-bearing wall.
Naravno, ako blokovi ovog izuma grade prvi red 30 ili posljednji red 40 kao što je prikazano na slici 5, donja površina odnosno gornja površina reda 30, odnosno reda 40, bit će ravna tako da se može postaviti na podnu ravninu u slučaju prvog reda, odnosno da se može završno obraditi, kao što je slučaj sa završnim redom. Of course, if the blocks of this invention build the first row 30 or the last row 40 as shown in Figure 5, the lower surface or the upper surface of row 30 or row 40, respectively, will be flat so that it can be placed on the floor plane in the case of the first row, that is, that it can be finished, as is the case with the final row.
Ima nekoliko prednosti koje su posljedica ovog izuma. There are several advantages resulting from this invention.
Kao što je već navedeno, blok-opeka ovog izuma omogućuje da se ukloni termička površina, kao što je bilo naglašeno, jer je žbuka ograničena na prostor uz središnje tijelo blok-opeke. Prema tome, žbuka se lakše primjenjuje i manje je treba. As already stated, the block brick of the present invention allows the thermal surface to be eliminated, as has been emphasized, because the plaster is confined to the space adjacent to the central body of the block brick. Therefore, the plaster is easier to apply and less is needed.
Daljnja prednost koja je rezultat ovog izuma je u tome što je postavljanje zida putem blok-opeke ovog izuma značajno ubrzano, budući da specifičan oblik blok-opeke uklanja potrebu vertikalnog poravnavanja blokova. Ustvari, svaki blok se povezuje sa susjednim blokom i s blokom u sljedećem redu bez ikakvih poteškoća i bez ikakva usklađivanja. A further advantage resulting from this invention is that the installation of a wall by means of the block bricks of this invention is significantly accelerated, since the specific shape of the block bricks eliminates the need for vertical alignment of the blocks. In fact, each block connects to the adjacent block and to the block in the next row without any difficulty and without any coordination.
Sljedeća prednost ovog izuma je u tome što je postignuta antiseizmička kakvoća građevine, koja je posljedica kruto povezanih blokova te je stoga neovisna o spoju koji je ostvaren primjenom žbuke. The next advantage of this invention is that the anti-seismic quality of the building is achieved, which is a consequence of the rigidly connected blocks and is therefore independent of the connection achieved by applying plaster.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITVI980022 ITVI980022A1 (en) | 1998-02-06 | 1998-02-06 | BRICK BLOCK FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEARING WALLS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP990026A2 true HRP990026A2 (en) | 1999-10-31 |
Family
ID=11426574
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HRP990026 HRP990026A2 (en) | 1998-02-06 | 1999-01-28 | Clay block for structural walls |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0935031A3 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP990026A2 (en) |
| IT (1) | ITVI980022A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2005203188B2 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2010-04-22 | Baines Masonary Blocks Pty Ltd | Building element and wall |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB169516A (en) * | 1920-06-26 | 1921-09-26 | Ingvald Johannes Pedersen | An improved unit for building walls and the like |
| GB9607611D0 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1996-06-12 | Clark Michael D | Improvements in and relating to building blocks |
-
1998
- 1998-02-06 IT ITVI980022 patent/ITVI980022A1/en unknown
-
1999
- 1999-01-28 HR HRP990026 patent/HRP990026A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-02-03 EP EP99102131A patent/EP0935031A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0935031A2 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
| ITVI980022A1 (en) | 1999-08-06 |
| EP0935031A3 (en) | 2001-05-02 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AIPI | Request for the grant of a patent on the basis of a substantive examination of a patent application | ||
| A1OB | Publication of a patent application | ||
| ODBI | Application refused |