HRP970014A2 - Polymer material, process for its production and the use thereof - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a polymer material based on recycled raw materials, to the process for making this material and to its application.

Organic plastics, which are widely used in industry today, are obtained almost exclusively on the basis of petrochemicals. So, for example, in the furniture industry and in the construction industry, wooden materials are used that are glued with UF (urea formaldehyde), MUF, PF or, in other words, PUR. Cladding boards, various closures, channels for the passage of conductors, etc., are most often made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In the field of windows, plastic windows are widely used today, with frames made of PVC. PVC as a material for such components has, however, serious disadvantages. On the one hand, the problem of recycling has not yet been satisfactorily solved, and on the other hand, PVC releases dangerous gases when it burns. Elements for covering machines and devices, high-quality blanks, are often made of fibrous materials or tangled fibrous mass, reinforced with PF, MF, EP or UP, which are used, for example, in the automotive industry. In line with the ever-expanding discussions about CO2 and the possible global climate change that follows it, today there is an urgent demand for new, largely CO2-neutral plastics that will meet the requirements set for petrochemical-based plastics that are currently used , and which can partially replace them. In particular, such polymer materials are obtained by separating them from materials that can be recycled.

Binders, or combinations of binders, which also partially use recyclable raw materials are already known from the prior art. These development solutions are particularly related to the field of polyurethane. Thus it is known from US-PS 458 2891 to convert castor oil, i.e. a recyclable material, with polyisocyanate and some organic filler.

From EP 01 51 585, a two-component polyurethane adhesive system is known, in which the oleochemical polyvalent alcohol is used as the products of breaking the rings of epoxidized fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters (especially triglycerides) or fatty acid amines with alcohol. Furthermore, the use of epoxidized triglycerides as softeners is known. One such procedure is, for example, described in PCT/EP94/02284.

US 35 78 633 describes a process for curing polyepoxide with polycarbonic acid anhydride, using special alkaline salts of selected carboxylic acids. According to this patent, polyepoxides with more than one adjacent epoxy group per molecule are exclusively used. The polymers obtained according to that document, however, have the disadvantage that, on the one hand, they originate from physiologically harmful starting substances (for example, lithium salts), and that, on the other hand, the obtained polymers do not have the necessary strength. This is attributed to the fact that, according to the US patent, a basic reaction takes place that enhances the cross-linking of external epoxy groups, which, however, are not present in any case in epoxidized triglycerides.

From DE 41 35 664, polymer products are known which are made of epoxidized triglycerides and partly of esters of polycarboxylic acids with at least two groups of free carboxylic acids and with water-repellent agents (agents). According to DE 41 35 664, however, compounds for elastic coatings with increased water resistance were obtained, which also do not have any satisfactory properties with regard to the strength and extent of change of the polymer system.

Starting from this, the aim of the presented invention is to indicate a new material that is made on the basis of renewable raw materials, and which leads to polymer materials that enable a wide range of applications thanks to their strength. This aim is achieved as regards the polymer material by the indicative properties of claim 1, and as regards the process by the indicative properties of claims 15 and 16. The subclaims show other suitable embodiments.

According to the invention, a polymer material is proposed which essentially contains the product of the reaction of three components, i.e. 10 - 90% by weight. of one triglyceride, 5 - 90% wt. anhydride of a polycarboxylic acid with 0.1 - 20% wt. of a polycarboxylic acid. The applicant was able to show that, unexpectedly, polymeric materials, which contain the product of the reaction in the prescribed manner, have surprising properties in terms of strength and in terms of the extent of variation in material properties.

The decisive factor in the material according to this application is that the anhydrides of polycarboxylic acids are used, which act as crosslinking agents, so that the resulting crosslinking density of the polymer is decisively increased. As a result, hard polymers are obtained.

The main components of the reaction products are, therefore, epoxidized triglycerides and anhydrides of polycarboxylic acids, which crosslink each other. The cross-linking reaction is initiated by adding small amounts of polycarboxylic acid (0.01 to 20% by weight). It is clear that polycarboxylic acid has a convenient function as an initiator of internal epoxy groups in triglycerides.

Therefore, by using the anhydride of polycarboxylic acids, the adjacent OH groups, formed during the breaking of the epoxy ring, are cross-linked in the form of one additional reaction. The free carboxylic acid group that appears on the anhydride of the polycarboxylic acid in turn opens the next epoxy ring, whereby one adjacent OH group is obtained in the same way, which reacts with one additional anhydride group of the carbonic group, with further additions. The reaction starts when one epoxy ring is opened and the neighboring OH group starts. This promotion of cross-linking is achieved by adding small amounts of carbonic acid. Therefore, it is necessary that there is an opening of the epoxy group as the initiator of the reaction. One possible reaction procedure is shown schematically in the following figure.

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Contrary to the known state of the art with cross-linking in pure polycarboxylic acids, the formed hydroxy groups react with multiple additions with polycarboxylic anhydride. This could be proven by DSC and IC tests.

Therefore, the basic property of the polymeric material according to the invention is that it contains a reaction product that has 10-90% by weight. of one triglyceride and 5 - 90% wt. of one carbonic acid anhydride, whereby the reaction is initiated by small amounts of carbonic acid (0.01 - 20% by weight). In this regard, it is recommended that the reaction product contains 35 - 70% by weight. of one triglyceride and 10 - 60% wt. of one anhydride of polycarbonic acid, and 0.05 - 10% wt. polycarbonic acid.

Examples of epoxidized triglycerides that can be used for the production of reaction products according to the invention are soybean oil, linseed oil, linseed oil, tung oil, safflower oil, poppy seed oil, hemp oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil oil, triglycerides from plants of the euphorbia (milkweed) family such as, for example, euphorbia-iagascae oil, and high-oleic triglycerides such as, for example, high-oleic sunflower oil or euphorbia-iagascae oil, peanut oil, olive oil , olive seed oil, almond oil, kapok oil, hazelnut oil, apricot kernel oil, beech fruit oil, lupine oil, corn oil, sesame oil, grape seed oil, lalemantine oil, castor oil, marine animal oils , such as herring oil and sardine oil or fish oil, whale oil, and triglycerides with a high proportion of saturated fatty acids which are gradually converted into an unsaturated state by dehydration, or mixtures thereof. Due to the reaction with hydroxy groups, it is possible, in addition to epoxidized triglycerides, to partially use hydroxylated triglycerides as the following ingredients. Such hydroxylated triglycerides are, for example, hydroxylated high-oleic or castor oil.

In this way, the physical properties of the polymer can be changed to a large extent. The basic property, however, is that there are always epoxidized triglycerides, because the sequences (or chains) would be broken. Triglycerides with azaridine groups can also be used. Various synthesizing procedures for the production of azaridine are known. One of the production processes is the attachment of rings, for example carbenes with azomethines (Breitmaier E., G. Jung, Org. Chemie vol. 1, E. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart), or nitrenes with olefins. Synthesis is also possible by reducing α-chloronitrile or oxime with LiAlH4, (Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 40, 432 (1967) and Tetrahedro 24, 3681 (1968)).

Of the anhydrides of polycarboxylic acids, those with a cyclic basic structure are recommended, i.e. anhydrides of polycarboxylic acids produced from cyclic polycarboxylic acids with at least two free carboxylic acid groups. Examples are cyclohexane bicarbonic acid anhydride, cyclohexene bicarbonic acid anhydride, phthalic acid anhydride, trimellitic acid anhydride, hemimellitic acid anhydride, pyromellitic acid anhydride, 2,3-naphthalenecarboxylic acid anhydride, 1,2 cyclopentane bicarbonic acid anhydride, 1,2 cyclobutane bicarbonic anhydride acids, quinolinic anhydride, norbornene bicarbonic anhydride (NADICAN), and methyl-substituted compounds MNA, pinic anhydride, norpinic anhydride, truxyl anhydride, perylene 1,2-bicarbonic anhydride, caronic acid anhydride, narcamphanic anhydride , isatoic acid anhydride, camphoric acid anhydride, 1,8-naphthalenecarboxylic acid anhydride, diphenic acid anhydride, 0-carboxyphenylbenzoic acid anhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenecarboxylic acid anhydride, or mixtures thereof. It is also possible to use anhydrides of polycarboxylic acids from bicarboxylic acids and open chain polycarboxylic acids with at least two free carboxylic acid groups, such as for example aconitic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, itaconic anhydride, tartaric anhydride, diglycolic anhydride, ethylenediamineinterabenzoic acids or their mixtures.

In the case of initiators of the reaction used according to the invention, i.e. in the case of polycarboxylic acids, bicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids are recommended. Examples are citric acid derivatives, polymerized tall oils, azelaic acid, gallic acid, dimerized or polymerized turpentine acids, dimerized or polymerized anacardic acid, also "anacardium occidentale" shell liquid, polyuronic acids, polyalginic acids, mellitic acids, trimesic acids, aromatic bi - and polycarboxylic acids such as, for example, phthalic acid, trimellitic acid, hemimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and their aromatically substituted derivatives such as, for example, hydroxy or alkyl phthalic acid, unsaturated cyclic bicarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids such as, for example, norpinic acid, heterocyclic bicarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids such as, for example, loiponic acid or quinholoiponic acid, bicyclic and bicarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids such as, for example, norbomene bicarboxylic acid, open chain bicarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids such as, for example, malonic acid and its homologs du brand name and its substituted compounds such as, for example, hydroxy-, and keto-, bi-, and polycarboxylic acids, pectic acids, humic acid, polymeric liquid of the "anacardium occidentale" shell with at least two free carboxylic acid groups in the molecule, or their mixtures.

In the following preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the polymeric material contains a reaction product produced from the starting ingredients described above, but with an added catalyst. In this case, the catalyst can be added in a ratio of 0.01 - 10% by weight, preferably 0.05 - 5% by weight. Essentially, all compounds that serve to accelerate the crosslinking of epoxy resins can serve as catalysts. Examples are tertiary amines such as N,N' benzyldimethyl aniline, imidazole and its derivatives, alcohols, phenols and their substituted compounds, hydroxycarboxylic acids such as lactic acid or salicylic acid, organic metal compounds such as triethanolamine titanate, di-n -butyl tin laurate, Lewis acids, especially boron trifluoride, aluminum trichloride and its amine complex compounds, Lewis bases, especially alcoholates, multifunctional mercapto compounds and thio acids and organic phosphorus compounds, especially triphenylphosphite, and bis-B-chloroethylphosphite, bicyclic amines such as which is [2.2.2.] diazabicyclooctane, quinuclidine, Grinjar compounds or their mixtures.

It should be emphasized that the polymeric material according to the invention can consist exclusively of the reaction products described above, or, depending on the scale of requirements, it can additionally contain some filler or some flame retardant. When the polymer material contains only one reaction product and one filler, it is recommended that it contain 2-98% by weight. reaction products and 98-2% wt. charger. It is especially recommended that the polymer material contains 6-90% by weight. reaction products and 10-94% wt. charger.

Particularly recommended examples of fillers are organic fillers based on cellulose-containing materials, such as wood flour, sawdust or shavings, rice husks, straw and flax fiber based on proteins, especially sheep's wool, and inorganic fillers based on silicates and carbonates such as sand , quartz, corundum, silicon carbide and glass fibers, or their mixtures. Polymeric materials according to the invention can also contain up to 50% wt. some flame retardant. Recommended flame retardants are: aluminum hydroxide, compounds of halogen, antimony, bismuth, boron or phosphorus, silicate compounds or their mixtures. In the production of the material according to the recommended execution with the filler, the procedure can be such that, on the one hand, a mixture of initial ingredients is first produced, i.e. triglycerides, polycarbonic acid anhydride and carboxylic acid, so that this mixture is previously polymerized to a viscosity of 0.2 - 20,000 CPS at 20°C -200°C, after which filler is added.

In this regard, if necessary, hardening can be carried out after shaping, if necessary under pressure. It is also possible to mix all additional materials and to carry out preliminary polymerization.

On the other hand, the procedure can be such that all the ingredients, i.e. triglycerides, arihydrides of polycarboxylic acids as well as, if necessary, other additional materials, such as fillers and flame retardants, are mixed and then curing is carried out at an elevated temperature. temperature and at elevated temperature and elevated pressure.

Curing can be performed in the range from <20°C to 200°C at a pressure of 1 bar to 100 bar. The duration of curing depends on the temperature, pressure and, if necessary, on the added catalyst. The curing time can range from 10 seconds to 24 hours. A temperature range of 50 to 150°C is recommended.

The polymeric material according to the invention can also be infiltrated into fleeces or mats (a tangled mass of fibers). In this way, fiber-reinforced materials can be obtained.

The mixture obtained by the process according to the invention can be placed in individual molds and pressed, or continuous production can be carried out. Continuous production can be achieved by extrusion or hot rolling.

After hardening, the reacting mixture forms a closed and extremely smooth surface, where the plastic definition, i.e. the size of the geometric shapes, is extremely large. The finest filigree patterns can be reproduced with extreme precision using this material.

The material according to the invention is particularly characteristic for the fact that it is toxicologically harmless, and that it does not have the disadvantages of PVC and/or other comparable materials such as, for example, those based on polyurethane. It should be noted that the new material has similar mechanical properties to PVC, EP or PES. These variant materials are rigidly elastic and have great strength. Polymeric materials with a large filling based on cellulose according to the invention, obtained by pressing or extrusion, have a high mechanical strength. In the case of mechanical concentrated loading, which occurs when screwing a wood screw or when driving a nail into wood, the splitting of the surrounding material, which is observed in wood, was not observed. The material can be mechanically processed without problems. When it was cut or processed by milling, there was no splitting of the side surfaces, nor was there any tearing off of smaller particles.

By adding certain amounts of polymerized triglycerides, it is possible to create blanks that have a partially plastic behavior at ambient temperature and at the same time extraordinary tear strength. Depending on the degree of cross-linking, which is theoretically influenced by the composition of the initial ingredients, castings can be obtained that enable the heat molding of elements made of polymer material. In particular, when aluminum hydroxide was included, a noticeable increase in fire resistance was observed during the flame test. The introduction of aluminum hydroxide and the release of the water contained in it prevents the immediate attack of the flame. In this way, the fire resistance requirements of class BS according to DIN 4102 are met.

During numerous tests, it became obvious that the material according to the invention has exceptional properties in terms of absorbing water. For this purpose, samples with a large amount of cellulose as a filler were immersed in water for a long period of time. After 80 hours, the material did not absorb any noticeable amount of water. No physical or chemical changes were observed on the material.

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of the following examples.

Example 1

53.5% wt. of epoxidized linseed oil with an acid content of 9% wt. it is mixed with 42.8% wt. camphoric acid anhydride and 2.7% ms, a mixture of dimer and trimer abietic acid. This mixture is homogenized with 1% wt. 50% solution of quinuclidine in ethanol. 10% by weight of this mixture was mixed with 90% by weight. straw and pressed for 10 minutes under a pressure of 15 bar and at a temperature of 180°C. The resulting fiber has a physical density of 0.62 [g/cm2], and is characterized by high-quality mechanical properties and outstanding water resistance. It can be used in the construction industry and in the furniture industry as fiber board.

Example 2

80% wt. of epoxidized peril-oil with an acid content of 8% wt. it is mixed with 16 parts by mass of pyromellitic acid anhydride. 30% wt. of this mixture was applied to 70% wt. fleece made of jute and hemp fibers thus gives a fibrous fleece homogeneously soaked. The infiltrated fibrous mass was then pressed at a pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of 170°C for 10 minutes. The resulting fibrous product has great elasticity, resistance to breakage and is waterproof. It can be used in many areas where fibers reinforced with plastic mass or fiber reinforced plastics are used, such as, for example, fiber reinforced casings or cast elements of various covering parts.

Example 3

42.9% wt. of epoxidized soybean oil with an acid content of 6.5% wt. it is mixed with 21.5% by weight of hydroxylated high-oleic oil. 34.3 wt. was added to this mixture. norbomene bicarbonate anhydride and 1.3% wt. 50% solution of DABCO in methanol. The mixture was homogenized and then cross-linked at a temperature of 140°C for 15 minutes. The resulting product is transparent, can be plastically deformed and has high tear strength. This product can be suitable for coating materials and components that must be plastically deformed, such as, for example, electrical cables.

Example 4

72.7% wt. of epoxidized hemp oil with an acid content of 10.5% wt. it is mixed with 27.3% wt. trimellitic acid anhydride. 8% of that mixture was mixed with 92% wt. of dried cereal flakes and pressed under a pressure of 15 bar and at a temperature of 170° for 8 minutes. The resulting fiber board had a physical density of 0.88 [g.cm3], it is characterized by high water resistance and outstanding mechanical strength, and it can be used as a fiber board in the construction industry and the furniture industry.

Example 5

54.7% wt. of epoxidized linseed oil with an acid content of 9.5% wt. It is mixed with 43.7% wt. tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and 1.2% wt. adipic acid. The mixture is homogenized with 0.5% wt. DBN and cross-linked at 145°C for 5 minutes to form a hard, transparent slag. The obtained material is resistant to water and hot water (see pictures 1 and 2) and has high mechanical strength. The material can be heated up to 300°C without decomposition. It can be suitable as, for example, a cover for various types of appliances and machines.

Example 6

60% wt. of epoxidized soybean oil with an acid content of 6.5% wt. it is mixed with 36% wt. anhydride of 1.2 cyclohexane bicarbonate and 1.1% wt. dimerized pine resin with acid number 154. The mixture was homogenized with a 50% solution of imidazole in butanol and cross-linked for 10 minutes at 140°C. The obtained polymeric material is transparent, it is characterized by high resistance to water and can be shaped with heat at a temperature of around 90°C. Below that temperature, it has great mechanical strength.

Example 7

69.9% wt. high-oleic oil from euphorbia lathyris with a nitrogen content of 4.3% wt. It is mixed with 28% wt. phthalic anhydride, 1.5% wt. sebacic acid and 0.6% wt. solution of quinuclidine in isopropanol. The mixture is cross-linked at 145°C for 5 minutes to form a hard elastic, transparent polymer material that has high water resistance and high wear resistance.

Example 8

51.5% wt. of epoxidized tung oil with an acid content of 10.5% wt. it is mixed with 45.6% wt. camphoric anhydride and with 2.5% wt. 70% solution of citric acid in ethanol. 0.5% wt. DABCO was added to that mixture and the mixture was homogenized. 30% wt. of this mixture was applied to 70% wt. of dry coconut fiber fleece, so that the fibers were homogeneously infiltrated with the reacting mixture. The infiltrated coconut fibers were preheated to 130°C for 20 minutes. In this case, the reacting mixture reacts to form a precursor polymer with a viscosity of about 10,000 [mPas]. The previously processed fleece is then placed in a mold and pressed at 15 bar for 1 minute, at a temperature of 160°C. The obtained fibrous product has high mechanical strength, is extremely resistant to moisture and is resistant to temperature. It can be used in areas where fiber-reinforced plastic or fiber-reinforced plastic materials are used.

Example 9

Mixture 61.6% wt. of epoxidized linseed oil with an acid content of 9.6% by weight, and 15.4% by weight. of epoxidized sardine oil with an acid content of 10.5% wt. it is mixed with 19.2 parts by mass of pyromellitic acid dianhydride and 3.8% by mass. trimerized fatty acids. 25% wt. this mixture was homogenized with 75% wt. wood flour with an average fiber length of 300 μm. The moistened powder was then processed using a RAM screw press at 160°C and at a pressure of 40 bar, forming continuous powders. The resulting products have great mechanical stability and are characterized by exceptional water resistance.

Example 10

53.2% wt. of epoxidized safflower oil with an acid content of 9% wt. it is mixed with 10% wt. of aconitic acid anhydride and with 2.6% wt. methyl norbomene bicarbonate anhydride. 1.7% by weight was added to this mixture. of DABCO solution in propanol, and the mixture was then homogenized. 10% wt. this mixture was mixed with 90% wt. of dry and ground rice flakes with an average particle size of 0.5 mm, until a homogeneously moistened powder was obtained. This mixture was then pressed at a temperature of 130°C for 15 minutes, at a pressure of 15 bar. The obtained material had a physical density of 0.9 [g/m3] and can be processed by removing chips. This material is suitable for all cases where hard fibers (MDF) are used.

Example 11

50.5% wt. of epoxidized linseed oil was mixed with 2.5% wt. trimerized abietic acid. This mixture is homogenized with 1.8% wt. 50% quinuclidine solution in isobutanol. 30% wt. of this mixture was homogenized with 35% wt. barite, 5% wt. some pigment such as, for example, rutile and 30% wt. conglomerate of muscovite powder, chlorite and quartz. The mixture is then cross-linked in a mold at a pressure of 30 bar and a temperature of 140°C, for a duration of 8 minutes, in order to form a hard elastic duroplastic slag that has a high resistance to water and hot water, and a high mechanical strength. The material can, for example, be used as a cover for devices and machines of all kinds.

Claims (18)

1. Polymer material based on renewable raw materials, which contains one reaction product with 10-90% wt. of one triglyceride with at least 2 epoxy and/or azaridine groups and 5-90% wt. anhydride of a polycarboxylic acid with 0.01-20% wt. of one carboxylic acid. 2. Polymeric material according to claim 1, characterized in that the epoxidized triglycerides are selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, linseed oil, linseed oil, tung oil, oitisika oil, safflower oil, poppy seed oil, hemp oil , cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, triglycerides from plants of the euphorbia (milkweed) family such as, for example, euphorbia-iagascae oil, and high-oleic triglycerides such as, for example, high-oleic sunflower oil or oil of euphorbia-iagascae, peanut oil, olive oil, olive kernel oil, almond oil, kapok oil, hazelnut oil, apricot kernel oil, beech fruit oil, lupine oil, corn oil, sesame oil, grape seed oil , lalemantine oil, castor oil, marine animal oils, such as herring oil and sardine oil or fish oil, whale oil, and triglycerides with a large proportion of saturated fatty acids that are gradually converted into an unsaturated state by dehydration, or mixtures thereof. 3. Polymeric material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the epoxidized triglycerides additionally contain hydroxylated triglycerides such as castor oil. 4. Polymerized material according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the anhydrides of polycarboxylic acids are produced from cyclic polycarboxylic acids with at least 2 free carboxylic acid groups. 5. Polymeric material according to claim 4, characterized in that the anhydrides of polycarboxylic acids are selected from the group consisting of cyclohexane bicarbonic acid anhydride, cyclohexene bicarbonic acid anhydride, phthalic acid anhydride, trimellitic acid anhydride, hemimellitic acid anhydride, pyromellitic acid anhydride, anhydride 2, 3-naphthalenecarboxylic acids, 1,2 cyclopentane bicarboxylic acid anhydride, 1,2 cyclobutane bicarboxylic acid anhydride, quinoline anhydride, norbomene bicarboxylic acid anhydride (NADICAN), and methyl-substituted compounds MNA, pinic anhydride, norpinic anhydride, truxyl anhydride acids, anhydride of perylene 1,2-bicarboxylic acid, caronic acid anhydride, anhydride of narcamphanic acid, anhydride of isatoic acid, anhydride of camphoric acid, anhydride of 1,8-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, anhydride of diphenic acid, anhydride of 0-carboxyphenylbenzoic acid, anhydride of 1,4, 5,8-naphthalene carboxylic acid ine, or their mixtures. 6. Polymeric material according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the anhydrides of polycarboxylic acids are produced from bicarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids of an open chain with at least two free carboxylic acid groups. 7. Polymeric material according to claim 6, characterized in that the anhydrides of polycarboxylic acids are selected from the group consisting of aconitic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, itaconic anhydride, tartaric anhydride, diglycolic anhydride, ethylenediamineinterabenzoic anhydride or their mixtures. 8. Polymeric material according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that bicarbonate or tricarboxylic acid is used as polycarboxylic acid. 9. Polymeric material according to claim 8, characterized in that the polycarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid derivatives, polymerized tall oils, azelaic acid, gallic acid, dimerized or polymerized turpentine acids, dimerized or polymerized anacardic acid, also shell liquid. anacardium occidentale", polyuronic acids, polyalginic acids, mellitic acids, trimesic acids, aromatic bi- and polycarboxylic acids such as, for example, phthalic acid, trimellitic acid, hemimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and their aromatically substituted derivatives such as, for example, hydroxy or alkyl phthalic acid, unsaturated cyclic bicarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids such as, for example, norpinic acid, heterocyclic bicarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids such as, for example, loiponic acid or quinholoiponic acid, bicyclic and bicarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids such as, for example, norbomene bicarbonic acid, bicarbon sic and open-chain polycarboxylic acids such as, for example, malonic acid and its longer-chain homologues and its substituted compounds, such as, for example, hydroxy-, and keto-, bi, and polycarboxylic acids, pectic acids, humic acid, polymeric shell liquid" anacardium occidentale" with at least two free carboxylic acid groups in the molecule, or their mixture. 10. Polymeric material according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it contains 2-98% by mass of one reaction product according to claim 1 and 98-2% by mass. some filler. 11. Polymeric material according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the filler is selected from the group of organic fillers based on cellulose-containing materials, such as wood flour, sawdust or shavings, rice husks, straw and flax fibers based on proteins, especially sheep's wool and inorganic fillers based on silicates and carbonates such as sand, quartz, corundum, silicon carbide and glass fibers, or mixtures thereof. 12. Polymeric material according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that 0.01-10% by weight is added during the production of the reaction product. catalyst. 13. Polymeric material according to claim 12, characterized in that the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of tertiary amines such as N,.N' benzyldimethyl aniline, imidazole and its derivatives, alcohols, phenols and their substituted compounds, hydroxycarboxylic acids such as lactic acid or salicylic acid, organic metal compounds such as triethanolamine titanate, di-n-butyl tin laurate, Lewis acids, especially boron trifluoride, aluminum trichloride and its amine complex compounds, Lewis bases, especially alcoholates, multifunctional mercapto compounds and thio acids and organic phosphorus compounds, especially triphenylphosphite, and bis-β-chloroethylphosphite, bicyclic amines such as [2.2.2.] diazabicyclooctane, quinuclidine, Grinjar compounds or mixtures thereof. 14. Polymeric material according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it contains flame retardants selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, halogen compounds, antimony, bismuth, boron or phosphorus, silicate compounds or their mixtures. 15. Process for the production of polymeric material according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that triglyceride, polycarbonic acid anhydride, polycarbonic acid and, if necessary, other additives such as fillers and/or catalysts and/or agents are mixed for holding the flame, after which hardening takes place. 16. Process for the production of polymeric material according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the triglyceride, polycarbonic acid anhydride, polycarbonic acid and, if necessary, the catalyst are cross-linked beforehand to a viscosity of 0.2-20,000 CPS at 20 °C - 200°C, which filler and/or flame retardant are added, and which then cures. 17. The method according to claims 15 and 16, characterized in that the hardening is performed at a temperature in the range of <20°C to 200°C, at a pressure of 1 bar to 100 bar, and for a duration in the range of 10 seconds to 24 hours. 18. Application of polymer material according to at least one of requirements 1 to 14, in the case of a remanufactured room partitioning system, as a material for replacing plastic and metal frames, as a material for varnished strips and covering elements, as a profiled material, as a lining and a high-resistance coating abrasion, as plastic coverings for covering cracks, non-slip covers, as electrically insulating or conductive joints, as tribologically usable layers, as paint for underwater parts of ship hulls, for sintering systems with a fluidized bed for stress-exposed chipping devices, for pressed elements in in the form of infiltrated fibers and mats made of tangled fibers, for chipboard panels, to replace MDF and hard fiber boards in the construction industry and in the furniture industry, for continuous profiles.