HRP950151A2 - High-speed boat - Google Patents

Description

The field of technology

This invention relates to shipbuilding and in particular to the construction of a high-speed vessel with an improved configuration of its bottom.

The invention can be used on any transport line for passengers and freight.

Technical problem

Even today, the problem of creating a high-speed vessel whose bottom is shaped in such a way as to improve its navigability while reducing the load during navigation and reducing the resistance to its movement is still present.

State of the art

Today, high-speed vessels with special propulsion machines that significantly increase their speed on the water are very popular. The most effective way to reduce the resistance to movement is by using gas under the bottom of the vessel, which can be achieved in many ways. From the earlier state of the art, a certain number of solutions based on measured gas injection through holes in the bottom of the vessel's bed are known.

For example, patent PCT (WO) 88/0090 describes a vessel in which streams of compressed air are injected into a pair of equal downward-opening parallel channels located beneath the vessel's bottom. When the vessel is traveling, the trough is kept in a horizontal position by compressing the air injected into the mentioned channels. The gas supply holes are controlled by valves that bridge them and adjust the amount of gas injected, which changes the vessel's mobility. This shape reduces friction during movement and improves speed properties. However, it should be mentioned that the layout of the channels in this construction does not allow the possibility of a significant increase in speed because the channels do not extend the entire length of the bottom surface of the bed, leaving large parts of the bottom in contact with the water.

Other technical solutions are known that reduce the bottom-water contact surfaces by installing parallel gas transport channels that extend along the entire surface of the bottom. This solution also fails to completely reduce resistance because the parts between said channels develop additional resistance (US. A. 4603650).

A better way to increase the speed characteristics of the vessel is to replace the channel at the bottom of the vessel with a cavity that is also filled with gas. LOUSE. A. 4578918 patent describes the shape of the hull of a high-speed vessel with less resistance to movement. The bottom of this vessel has rocking parts of the vessel, stabilizing side keels of the catamaran type, the front parts of which extend downward from the surface of the main bed. The bottom is equipped with a cavity filled with gas compressed through one or more holes. This gas exerts a force that raises the trough. A large part of the aforementioned recess is covered crosswise with one additional rigid, gas-tight, element of the bow. One or more surfaces of this element have a partially curvilinear shape. The existence of one depression of an indefinite shape without a clearly defined length-width ratio prevents the achievement of calm navigation with high hydrodynamic properties.

In earlier solutions, the construction of the passenger vessel "LINDA" is known, described in "The Jane Reference Book" 1992/1993, page 334. This vessel has a trough with edges separating the bottom and sides and a bottom with a recess which is connected to the source of air supply and which is limited over the circumference by sliding parts of the bottom with shaped edges of separation, i.e. a transverse step over the entire vessel, the edges of the vessel's bottom and a profiled working transom which is an extension of the bottom arch located between the side keels and determines the floor recess at the top. The bottom of the vessel has a cylindrical insert in front of the step, the purpose of which is to reduce the force required to bring air into the floor cavity and to maintain the air cavity thus formed in its borders, which extend along the edges of the separation of the transverse step and the side keels. At the same time, with the praise of high hydrodynamic capabilities, this vessel on the open sea shows the shortcomings inherent in all sliding types of vessels. The bottom in the front part, located in front of the transverse step, which is characterized by a considerable width and slight elevation, suffers from a heavy shock load when it enters the wave. This results in loss of speed, higher energy loss, shorter service life and lower comfort.

By increasing the elevation of the front part of the vessel, the effect of the air cavity is reduced both due to the reduction of hydrodynamic efficiency and due to the difficulties involved in retaining air in the space behind the step.

Among the earlier solutions, a sliding vessel (SU. A. 3687107) is also known, which has a trough with edge parts of the bottom and a floor recess for air formed by side keels with shaped separation edges, an arched part of the bottom and a profiled flat transom. Air is supplied to the space behind the stairs using a fan. The sliding type of side keels determines the cavity. When the aforementioned vessel is sailing, the fan forms a cavity, the keels begin to slide, acting together with the cavity, the vessel's need for air injection is reduced, which significantly reduces the resistance of the water to the movement of the vessel.

The essence of invention

The essence of this invention is in the following.

Certain parts of the bottom on the front part and side keels - sledges slide over the free surface of the water. Air injected into the recess in the bottom of the vessel creates a so-called "air cushion" in it. The low surface of the mentioned cavity is determined by the shaped edges of the separation of the side keels - sledges and serves as a smooth continuation of the wet sliding surfaces. In the aft part of the recess, the air cavity is determined by the profiled plane of the arc of the bottom. When the vessel sails into an incoming wave, the sharp outer lines of the bow help the vessel to cut through the wave without suffering significant shock loads. In the case of vertical vibrations of the front part, the shock loads suffered by the high-speed vessel are low due to the small surface area of the V-shaped bow bottom, and because the said loads are damped by the air cavity in the bottom recess of the vessel.

In addition, the formation of an air cavity on a significant part of the bottom creates a high hydrodynamic capacity achieved by reducing the frictional resistance.

Tests have shown that overloads of protected high-speed vessels are reduced by 1.5 - 2.0 times offshore compared to similar known vessels. The total rolling resistance is reduced by 30% - 40% compared to traditional marine vessels with pronounced V-shaped hull at speeds corresponding to V-Froude numbers greater than 1 (Fr > 1.0) according to the formula:

Fr = V / √ g·3√Δ , where:

V - vessel speed;

g - acceleration of free fall;

Δ displaced volume of the vessel.

Image descriptions

Other advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the detailed description which follows with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating the practical implementation of the claimed invention.

Figure 1 shows an oblique axonometric view of a high-speed vessel with a view of the bottom.

Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section through the bottom of the protected vessel.

Figure 3 shows the floor plan of the bottom of the vessel.

Ways to solve a technical problem

The problem was solved by the design of a high-speed vessel with a trough with edges on the bottom, a depression on the bottom as an air cavity, which was shaped by side keels - sledges with separating edges, an arched part of the bottom and a profiled flat transom. According to this invention, the side keel - sled becomes wider towards the end of the recess in the floor, the tip is formed in the section of the separating edges of the side keel - sled and placed in the front part (bow) of the vessel bed. The width of the bottom of the vessel in a section in a plane passing through the top of the depression in the bottom is less than the width of the bottom in a section in a plane passing through the middle of the body of the vessel.

With this design of the protected shape of the vessel, its impact loads are reduced, which improves its speed characteristics and ensures calm navigation on the open sea.

The high-speed vessel (Figures 1-3) according to the invention has a bed 1 with bottom edges 2 and a recess 4 of length LB in the bottom 3. Said recess is limited in the frontal part and on the sides by a keel - sled 5 with shaped separation edges 6 and a bottom arch 7 bounded side keels - sled 5 passing into a profiled flat transom 8. The width "A" of the side keels - sled 5 increases towards the top 9 of the depression 4, and the mentioned peak arises at the point of intersection of the edges of the separation 6 of the side keels - sled 5 and is located in the front part of the bottom (LB > L/2).

The width B-B of the bottom 3 across the edge of the bottom 2 in the plane that passes through the top 9 of the recess 4 in the bottom is smaller than the width of the bottom in the section C-C across the edge of the bottom 2 in the plane that cuts the vessel's hull in the middle. The bottom surface in the front part 10 around the top 9 of the depression 4 sinks slightly into the bottom parts of the side keels - sled 5.

Inside the trough 1 are placed devices 11 for injecting air into the recess 4 through one or more channels 12 and holes 13 in the arc of the bottom 7.

When moving at normal speeds, a high-speed vessel slides on certain parts of the bottom. Entering through the holes 13 under the arc of the bottom 7, the air fills the recess 4 and creates an "air cushion" in it (the boundaries of the cavity are shown by a broken line in Figure 2). The aforementioned cavity reduces movement resistance and shock loads offshore. Impact loads are reduced thanks to the small V-shaped area of the front part of the bottom of the boat. The combination of construction features of the vessel increases its speed without reducing the working comfort.

Claims (1)

1. A high-speed craft consisting of a bed with bottom edges and a recess in the bottom for an air cavity bounded by side keels - sleds with shaped separation edges, a bow at the bottom and a profiled flat transom, characterized by the fact that the side keels - sleds (5) they become wider from the stern towards the top (9) of the recess (4), where the top (9) is formed by the intersection of the shaped separation edges (6) of the side keels - sledges (5) and is located in the front part of the trough (1) and what is the width B-B of the bottom (3) on the edge of the bottom (2) in the plane that cuts the vessel through the top (9) of the recess (4) smaller than the width of C-C of the bottom (3) on the edge of the bottom (2) in the plane that cuts the vessel in the middle of the length.