HRP930120A2

HRP930120A2 - Staircase automat

Info

Publication number: HRP930120A2
Application number: HR930120A
Authority: HR
Inventors: Milan Kihali
Original assignee: Milan Kihali
Priority date: 1990-02-26
Filing date: 1993-02-05
Publication date: 1994-12-31

Description

Tehnički problem Technical problem

Na tržištu ima različitih stubišnih automata,koji imaju niže navedene nedostatke: There are different stair machines on the market, which have the following disadvantages:

1. Mehanički stubišni automat prilikom uključenja jako lupa, pa zbog toga nepotrebno uznemirava građane koji spavaju. Ovo lupanje još vize dolazi do izražaja kad je neko tipkalo za uključenje trajno uključeno, bilo namjerno sa stavljanjem šibice u tipkalo, ili zbog kvara tipkala. Tada u toku noći imamo svake dvije do tri minute isključenje i uključenje ovisno o podešenosti automata. 1. The mechanical stair machine makes a loud noise when it is switched on, and therefore unnecessarily disturbs sleeping citizens. This knocking of the visa comes to the fore when a power button is permanently on, either intentionally by putting a match in the button, or due to a button failure. Then during the night we have every two to three minutes switching off and on depending on the setting of the machine.

Mehanički stubišni automat nema mogućnosti podešavanja kraćeg vremena od dvije minute, a ni dužeg od tri minute. The mechanical stair machine does not have the option of setting a time shorter than two minutes, nor longer than three minutes.

2. Ograničen broj svjetlećih tipkala (maksimalno 10 mA),kod svih vrsta stubišnih automata. Poznato je da svjetleće tipkalo ima tinjalicu koja je spojena paralelno tipkalu, a automatu je svejedno dali ga uključuje tipkalo ili odgovarajući broj paralelnih tinjalica. Zbog toga proizvođač ograničava broj takvih tipkala na 10 mili Ampera. Naime struja veća od 10 mA je dovoljna da drži stubišni automat u uključenom položaju. 2. A limited number of illuminated buttons (maximum 10 mA), for all types of stair machines. It is known that a lighted button has a dimmer that is connected in parallel to the button, and the automaton does not care if it is turned on by the button or the corresponding number of parallel dimmers. That is why the manufacturer limits the number of such buttons to 10 milliamperes. Namely, a current greater than 10 mA is sufficient to keep the stair automaton in the on position.

3. Kad je tipkalo namjerno ili zbog kvara trajno uključeno, tada se automat u toku 24 sata uključi i isključi i do 1200 puta. Ovisno o podešenom vremenu stubišnog automata. Svako uključenje i isključenje uništava kontakte automata kao i žarulje. 3. When the button is permanently switched on intentionally or due to a malfunction, then the machine switches on and off up to 1,200 times within 24 hours. Depending on the set time of the stair automaton. Each switching on and off destroys the contacts of the machine as well as the bulbs.

Stanje tehnike State of the art

Rješavanjem tehničkog problema navedenog pod brojem l.sa poluelektronskim automatima dao je pozitivne rezultate. Poluelektronski automati koji se danas nalaze na tržištu gotovo su nečujni. Tehnički problemi pod brojem 2 i 3 do danas nisu riješeni ni sa poluelektronskim ,a još manje sa potpuno elektronskim automatima. Sva ta rješenja uz navedene mane imaju previše elemenata (preko šesnaest). By solving the technical problem mentioned under number l. with semi-electronic automata, he gave positive results. The semi-electronic machines on the market today are almost silent. Technical problems numbered 2 and 3 have not been solved to date even with semi-electronic, let alone fully electronic, machines. All of these solutions have too many elements (over sixteen) in addition to the mentioned flaws.

Moj pronalazak riješio je sve navedene problem u potpunosti i još k tome smanjio je ukupni broj elemenata. My invention solved all the mentioned problems completely and also reduced the total number of elements.

Opis rješenja tehničkog problema Description of the solution to the technical problem

Da bi se realizirao moj stubišni automat,a s njime i riješili tehnički problemi potreban je slijedeći materijal: In order to realize my stair automaton and solve technical problems with it, the following material is needed:

[image] [image]

Sve elemente navedene na stranici 2 treba vezati onako, kako je to prikazano na stranici broj 7 slika broj 1. i ovom opisu, i to kako slijedi: All elements listed on page 2 should be tied as shown on page number 7 of picture number 1 and this description, as follows:

Kondenzator C1 stezaljku broj 1 vezati sa relejem S1 kontaktom 7 i 10,a sa kontakta 10 releja S1 pomoću fleksibilnog vodica 1.5 mm2 dužini 10 cm, spojiti na rednu stezaljku R. Connect the capacitor C1 clamp number 1 to the relay S1 contacts 7 and 10, and from the contact 10 of the relay S1 using a flexible wire 1.5 mm2 length 10 cm, connect it to the regular clamp R.

Kondenzator C1 stezaljku broj 2 vežemo sa diodom D2 stezaljkom minus, i od nje pomoću fleksibilnog vodica 1,5 mm2 (1=10 cm) vodimo do druge redne stezaljke T. We connect the capacitor C1 clamp number 2 with the diode D2 clamp minus, and from it using a flexible 1.5 mm2 (1=10 cm) lead to the second row clamp T.

Diodu D2 njen pozitivni dio treba vezati sa pozitivnim dijelom tiristora TI1 (K+), trimera Tr1 stezaljka broj 1 i sa relejem S1 stezaljkom 11. Diode D2, its positive part should be connected to the positive part of thyristor TI1 (K+), trimmer Tr1 terminal number 1 and relay S1 terminal 11.

Trimer Tr1 stezaljku 2 i 3 kratko spojiti i povezati ih sa tiristorom TI1 izvodom G (geit) i od njega vezati se sa diodom D1 na izvod plus. Short-circuit trimmer Tr1 clamps 2 and 3 and connect them to thyristor TI1 through output G (geit) and from it connect diode D1 to output plus.

Diodu D1 njen negativni dio vezati na kondenzator C2 izvod br. li na otpornik R1 izvod broj 1. Connect diode D1, its negative part to capacitor C2, output no. li to resistor R1 output number 1.

Otpornik R1 izvod broj 2 vezati sa relejem S1 stezaljkom 3. Connect the resistor R1 terminal number 2 to the relay S1 terminal 3.

Tiristor TI1 njegov negativni dio (A-) vezati sa kondenzatorom C2 izvodom broj 2 i sa relejem S1 stezaljkom 9. Thyristor TI1, its negative part (A-) should be connected to capacitor C2, output number 2, and to relay S1, terminal 9.

Relej S1 stezaljku 6 vezati pomoću fleksibilnog voda 1,5 mm2 (l=10 cm) na treću rednu stezaljku 0 (nula),a stezaljku broj 4 istog releja vezati fleksibilnim vodom 1,5 mm2 (l=10 cm) na četvrtu rednu stezaljku Ž. Connect relay S1 terminal 6 with a flexible wire 1.5 mm2 (l=10 cm) to the third terminal 0 (zero), and connect terminal number 4 of the same relay with a flexible wire 1.5 mm2 (l=10 cm) to the fourth terminal Ž.

Prema opisu i slici broj 1 dobili smo četiri izvoda R, T, O i Ž. Na stezaljku R priključujemo fazu preko osigurača OS1.Na stezaljku T priključujemo liniju tipkala LT slika broj 2. Na stezaljku O priključujemo nulu, ali i na liniju LO slika broj 2. Na stezaljku Ž priključujemo liniju LŽ slika broj 2. According to the description and picture number 1, we got four outputs R, T, O and Ž. On terminal R we connect the phase via fuse OS1. On terminal T we connect the line of the button LT picture number 2. On terminal O we connect zero, but also on the line LO picture number 2. On terminal Ž we connect the line LŽ picture number 2.

Prema slici br. 1 na kojoj je prikazan moj stubišni automat, tehnički problem naveden pod 2 rješava kondenzator C1, a tehnički problem pod 1 i 3 rješava dioda D2 i rele S1. According to picture no. 1 on which my stair automaton is shown, the technical problem listed under 2 is solved by capacitor C1, and the technical problem under 1 and 3 is solved by diode D2 and relay S1.

Na slici broj 2 prikazana je normalna shema stubišne rasvjete .Iz iste se vidi da je nula dovedena na stezaljke LO,a preko nje na stezaljke broj 2 od tipkala T1, T2 i T3 i na stezaljke broj 1 od žarulja Ž1, Ž2. i Ž3. Stezaljke broj 2 od žarulja Ž1, Ž2. i Ž3 spojene su na stezaljku LŽ. Stezaljke broj 1 od tipkala T1, T2 i T3 spojene su na liniju tipkala LT. Paralelno tipkalima spojene su tinjalice koje u noći svojim svijetlom olakšavaju traženje tipkala za uključenje stubišnog svijetla. Picture number 2 shows a normal staircase lighting scheme. It shows that zero is connected to terminals LO, and via it to terminals number 2 of buttons T1, T2 and T3 and to terminals number 1 of bulbs Ž1, Ž2. and Ž3. Clamps number 2 of bulbs Ž1, Ž2. and Ž3 are connected to terminal LŽ. Terminals number 1 of buttons T1, T2 and T3 are connected to the line of buttons LT. Glow plugs are connected parallel to the buttons, which make it easier to find the button for turning on the stairwell light at night with their light.

Opis rada Job description

Uvod Introduction

Da bismo objasnili rad stubišnog automata priključićemo ga direktno na stubišnu rasvjetu,čija shema je prikazana na slici broj 2. To znači da trebamo spojiti stezaljku T od stubišnog automata slika broj 1, sa stezaljkom LT stubišne rasvjete. Stezaljku Ž od stubišnog automata sa stezaljkom LŽ od stubišne rasvjete. Stezaljku O stubišnog automata sa stezaljkom LO stubišne rasvjete. Na stezaljku O i LO dovedemo direktno nulu sa razvodne ploče. Preostala nam je još stezaljka R stubišnog automata i na nju preko osigurača OS1 dovedemo fazu. Istog trenutka zasvijetlit će tinjalice na tipkalima T1, T2 i T3 i to zbog toga što sa linije LO dobivaju nulu ,a fazu dobiju preko linije LT - T preko kondenzatora C1 koji je vezan direktno na fazu stezaljke R, kao i preko diode D2 i svitka releja S1, koji je također vezan na fazu preko stezaljke R. Očito je da kad ne bi bilo kondenzatora C1, kojim rješavamo tehnički problem pod 2, sve bi se tinjalice napajale strujom, preko stezaljke T, diode D2 u serijskom spoju sa svitkom releja S1. Kad struja tinjalica naraste preko 10 mili Ampera (priključenjem većeg broja tipkala), ta struja bi bila dovoljna da rele S1 drži u ukopčanom stanju, a to znači da bi svijetlo stalno gorjelo, jer taj rele preko svog kontakta br. 7-4 dovodi fazu na liniju LŽ. In order to explain the operation of the stair automaton, we will connect it directly to the stair lighting, the scheme of which is shown in picture number 2. This means that we need to connect the terminal T of the stair automaton picture number 1, with the terminal LT of the stair lighting. Terminal Ž from the stairwell automaton with terminal LŽ from the stairwell lighting. Terminal O of the stair automaton with terminal LO of the stair lighting. We connect zero directly from the distribution board to the terminals O and LO. We still have terminal R of the stairwell automaton left, and we bring the phase to it via fuse OS1. At the same moment, the glow plugs on the buttons T1, T2 and T3 will light up, because they get zero from the line LO, and they get the phase via the line LT - T via the capacitor C1, which is connected directly to the phase of the clamp R, as well as via the diode D2 and the coil relay S1, which is also connected to the phase via terminal R. It is obvious that if there were no capacitor C1, with which we solve the technical problem under 2, all the glow plugs would be supplied with current, via terminal T, diode D2 in series connection with the coil of relay S1 . When the current of the glow plugs rises above 10 milliamperes (by connecting more buttons), that current would be enough to keep the relay S1 in the closed state, which means that the light would be constantly lit, because that relay through its contact no. 7-4 brings the phase to the LŽ line.

Iz ovog se može zaključiti; što je veći kapacitet kondenzatora C1 to će manja struja od tinjalica prolaziti preko diode D2 i svitka releja S1, pa neće doći do uključenja ili održavanja releja S1 u ukopčanom stanju. From this it can be concluded; the greater the capacity of capacitor C1, the less current from the glow plugs will pass through diode D2 and the coil of relay S1, so relay S1 will not be switched on or maintained in the closed state.

U praksi je provjereno da je kapacitet od 1 mikro Farada više nego zadovoljavajući (po potrebi možemo staviti i jači) jer njegov otpor Xc iznosi 3184 Ohma. Relej S1 ima otpor oko 9000 Ohma, a dioda D2 propušta samo jednu poluperiodu ,a to je isto kao da relej S1 ima dvostruko veći otpor. Ovim je riješen Tehnički problem naveden pod točkom 2.jer će cca šest puta manja struja teći preko svitka releja S1, u odnosu na struju preko kondenzatora C1, pa neće doći do uključivanja releja S1, odnosno njegovog održavanja u ukopčanom stanju. In practice, it has been verified that the capacity of 1 micro Farad is more than satisfactory (if necessary, we can put a stronger one) because its resistance Xc is 3184 Ohms. Relay S1 has a resistance of about 9000 Ohms, and diode D2 passes only one half-cycle, which is the same as if relay S1 has twice the resistance. This solves the technical problem mentioned under point 2, because about six times less current will flow through the coil of the relay S1, compared to the current through the capacitor C1, so the relay S1 will not be switched on, that is, it will not be kept in the closed state.

Tehnički problem pod točkom 1 riješen je time što je za uključenje stubišne rasvjete uzet relej PR41 koji je praktički bešuman. The technical problem under point 1 was solved by using a practically silent PR41 relay to switch on the stairwell lighting.

Tehnički problem pod točkom broj 3 riješen je na taj način što tipkalom T1, T2, T3....Tx uključujemo relej S1 i dok god su kontakti od tipkala zatvoreni namjerno, ili zbog kvara tipkala, automat se ne može isključiti, pa tako nema uključivanja i isključivanja, a time ni uništavanja kontakata releja i žarulja. The technical problem under point number 3 is solved by turning on the relay S1 with the button T1, T2, T3...Tx, and as long as the button contacts are closed intentionally, or due to a button failure, the machine cannot be turned off, so there is no switching on and off, and thus not destroying the contacts of relays and bulbs.

Rad automata Operation of the machine

Pritiskom bilo kojeg tipkala dovodimo nulu iz linije LO na liniju LT, a preko nje na stezaljku T i na negativan izvod diode D2 preko koje uključimo relej S1. Relej S1 preko svoga vlastitog radnog kontakta 9-6 dovodi nulu na anodu A(-) tiristora TI1. U tom trenutku omogućena je pobuda tiristora preko geita G sa negativnim impulsom kojeg dobije sa stezaljke 2 trimera TR1,i na taj način tiristor napaja i drži uključen relej S1. Budući da se ove radnje vrlo brzo odvijaju, to se tipkalom praktički daje samo impuls na relej S1, koji preko svog drugog radnog kontakta 7-4 dovodi fazu na izvod automata 2, a preko njega na liniju LŽ na koju su vezane žarulje Ž1-Ž3 svojim kontaktom 2. Žarulje Ž1-Ž3 svojim kontaktom broj 1 vezane su direktno na nulu,i zbog toga će, one svijetliti. By pressing any key, we bring zero from line LO to line LT, and through it to terminal T and to the negative terminal of diode D2, through which we turn on relay S1. Relay S1 via its own working contact 9-6 brings zero to the anode A(-) of thyristor TI1. At that moment, the excitation of the thyristor via gate G is enabled with a negative impulse received from terminal 2 of the trimmer TR1, and in this way the thyristor supplies and keeps the relay S1 switched on. Since these actions take place very quickly, the button practically only gives an impulse to the relay S1, which via its second working contact 7-4 brings the phase to the output of the automaton 2, and through it to the line LŽ to which the bulbs Ž1-Ž3 are connected with their contact 2. Light bulbs Ž1-Ž3 are connected directly to zero with their contact number 1, and because of this, they will light up.

Tiristor TI1 napajat će svitak releja S1 sve dok na geit G tiristora TI1 ne dovedemo pozitivan impuls. Taj će uslijediti kad se kondenzator C2 nabije na maksimalan napon, i tada će preko diode D1 doći na geit G tiristora TI1 pozitivan impuls koji će isključiti provođenje tiristora. Na taj način će se iskopčati relej S1 a sa njime iskopčat će se samo održavanje preko vlastitog kontakta S1 9-6 i preko kontakta S1 7-4 napajanje žarulja stubišne rasvjete. Kad se iskopča relej S1 njegov preklopni kontakt 9-3 će se zatvoriti i na taj način će preko otpornika R1 izbiti kondenzator C2, i pripremiti ga za novo uk1jučenje. Vrijeme punjenja kondenzatora C2 odnosno trajanje osvjetljenja reguliramo trimerom Tr1. Pomak prema stezaljci 1 imamo brže punjenje,a time i kraće vrijeme gorenja žarulja. Obrnuto je sporije punjenje kondenzatora i time imamo duže vrijeme gorenje žarulja. The thyristor TI1 will supply the coil of the relay S1 until we apply a positive pulse to the gate G of the thyristor TI1. This will follow when the capacitor C2 is charged to the maximum voltage, and then via diode D1, a positive impulse will come to the gate G of the thyristor TI1, which will turn off the conduction of the thyristor. In this way, relay S1 will be disconnected, and with it only maintenance will be disconnected via its own contact S1 9-6 and via contact S1 7-4 the power supply of the stair lighting bulbs. When the relay S1 is disconnected, its switching contact 9-3 will be closed and in this way the capacitor C2 will break through the resistor R1, and prepare it for a new switching on. The charging time of the capacitor C2, i.e. the duration of the illumination, is regulated by the trimmer Tr1. Moving towards clamp 1, we have faster charging, and thus a shorter burning time of the bulbs. On the contrary, the charging of the capacitor is slower and thus we have a longer burning time of the bulbs.

Vrijeme kao i njegovu regulaciju možemo mijenjati po vlastitoj želji, sa ugradnjom odgovarajućeg trimera, njegovim položajem i odgovarajućim kondenzatorom (C2). Time as well as its regulation can be changed according to our wishes, with the installation of the appropriate trimmer, its position and the appropriate capacitor (C2).

Upotreba prijavljenog pronalaska Use of the reported invention

Prijavljeni pronalazak može se koristiti: The reported invention can be used:

a) Kod stubišne rasvjete koja ima puno svjetlećih tipkala, ili običnih tipkala. a) For staircase lighting that has a lot of illuminated buttons, or ordinary buttons.

b) Kod podrumske rasvjete. b) At basement lighting.

c) Kod rasvjete zajedničkog smetlarnika. c) At the lighting of the common garbage can.

d) Kod bilo kojeg osvjetljavanja čija se dužina treba ograničiti vremenskim trajanjem. d) In case of any illumination, the length of which should be limited by time duration.

Claims

1. Stair automaton, indicated by the fact that the light buttons (T1, T2, T3) of terminal 2 are connected to the line (LO), and the terminals 1 to the button line (LT-T), then to the negative output of the diode (D2), via which switches on the relay (S1) and on terminal 2 of the capacitor (C1) whose terminal number 1 is connected to terminal (R) to which the phase is connected.

2. Staircase automaton, indicated by the fact that the capacitor (C2) of terminal 2 is connected to terminal (A-) of the thyristor (TI1) and to the stationary contact terminal 9 of the relay (S1), and terminal 3 of the same relay to the resistor (R1) terminal 2 , while terminal 1 of the resistor (R1) is connected to the capacitor (C2) terminal 1 and to the negative terminal of the diode (D1).