HRP921096A2

HRP921096A2 - Machine with multiple beating plates for softening and streching industrial hides and the like

Info

Publication number: HRP921096A2
Authority: HR
Inventors: Antonio Corner
Original assignee: Cartigliano Off Spa
Priority date: 1992-10-23
Filing date: 1992-10-23
Publication date: 1995-08-31

Description

Prikazani izum se odnosi na stroj s više ploča za izbijanje, za omekšavanje i istezanje industrijskih koža i sličnog, koja obuhvaća transporter za prenošenje koža između više gornjih ploča za izbijanje postavljenih nasuprot istog broja donjih ploča za izbijanje, tako da formiraju susjedne parove ploča u smjeru kretanja kože. Kod svakog od parova nasuprotnih ploča, jedna od ploča je nepokretna, dok je druga pokretna. Pokretna ploča se kreće naizmjenično ka, i od nasuprotne nepokretne ploče pomoću odgovarajućeg pokretačkog uređaja. Na, inače, poznat način, svaka od ploča je izvedena sa ispustima koji sudjeluju za komplementarnim udubljenjima izvedenim na nasuprotnoj ploči. The presented invention relates to a machine with multiple punching plates, for softening and stretching industrial hides and the like, which comprises a conveyor for transferring the skins between a plurality of upper punching plates placed opposite the same number of lower punching plates, so as to form adjacent pairs of plates in the direction skin movements. In each of the pairs of opposite plates, one of the plates is stationary, while the other is movable. The moving plate moves alternately towards and away from the opposite stationary plate by means of a suitable driving device. In an otherwise known manner, each of the panels is designed with outlets that participate in complementary depressions made on the opposite panel.

Ovi strojevi vrše istezanje vlakana koža, i taj je proces poznat kao glačanje, a koristi se da povrati mekoću i savitljivost koža nakon njihovog sušenja. These machines stretch the fibers of the hides, a process known as ironing, and is used to restore the softness and suppleness of the hides after they have been dried.

U talijanskom patentu br. 883012, od istog prijavitelja, opisan je stroj za glačanje koji ima samo jedan par ploča za izbijanje. Da bi se povećao kapacitet i produktivnost ovog poznatog stroja, korišteno je više ploča za izbijanje, postavljenih jedna iza druge u smjeru kretanja koža. Također je korišten po jedan električni motor za svaku pojedinačnu ploču za izbijanje kako bi se smanjila snaga i obujam ugrađenih motora. In Italian patent no. 883012, by the same applicant, describes an ironing machine having only one pair of punching plates. In order to increase the capacity and productivity of this famous machine, several punching plates were used, placed one behind the other in the direction of movement of the skins. An electric motor was also used for each individual punching plate to reduce the power and volume of the motors installed.

Strojevi ove vrste pružaju vrijednosti veće funkcionalnosti i velike proizvodnosti, ali nisu bez određenih problema. Ustvari, mada su električni motori koji se koriste za pokretanje svake od ploča za izbijanje identični, oni se razlikuju po brzini obrtanja i po maksimalnoj efektivnoj snazi, pa zbog toga nije moguće da se osiguraju potpuno identične frekvencije osciliranja za pojedinačne ploče za izbijanje. Pored toga, zbog oscilatornog kretanja ploča, postolje stroja u cjelini je izloženo znatnim vibracijama koje su samo djelomično prigušene eksentričnim masama i osloncima za prigušivanje vibracija. Zbog razlika u frekvencijama oscilacija, ploče teže da postupno gube svoju sinhronizaciju sve dok ne budu periodično u istoj fazi, čak i ako su u početku prilagođene na suprotne faze. Zbog toga je stroj periodično izložen maksimalnim vrijednostima rezonancije, praćenim jakim udarima i određenom bukom. Machines of this type provide values of greater functionality and high productivity, but they are not without certain problems. In fact, although the electric motors used to drive each of the punching plates are identical, they differ in rotational speed and maximum effective power, and therefore it is not possible to provide exactly identical oscillation frequencies for the individual punching plates. In addition, due to the oscillatory movement of the plates, the base of the machine as a whole is exposed to considerable vibrations, which are only partially damped by eccentric masses and vibration damping supports. Due to differences in oscillation frequencies, the plates tend to gradually lose their synchronization until they are periodically in the same phase, even if they are initially adjusted to opposite phases. Because of this, the machine is periodically exposed to maximum resonance values, accompanied by strong shocks and certain noise.

Ova rezonancija može izazvati oštećenje na nosivoj strukturi nakon nekog vremena, posebno kod zavarenih spojeva, uz odgovarajuće smanjenje prosječnog vijeka trajanja i ponekad uz potrebu popravka i prekida rada stroja. This resonance can cause damage to the load-bearing structure after some time, especially in welded joints, with a corresponding reduction in the average life and sometimes with the need for repair and downtime of the machine.

Drugu negativnu posljedicu ove rezonancije predstavlja ograničenje maksimalne frekvencije osciliranja ploča za izbijanje na vrijednosti od približno 550 do 570 udaraca u minuti, kako bi se spriječile opasne vibracije u strukturi stroja. Another negative consequence of this resonance is the limitation of the maximum frequency of oscillation of the punching plates to values of approximately 550 to 570 strokes per minute, in order to prevent dangerous vibrations in the machine structure.

Cilj je prikazanog izuma otkloniti naprijed opisane probleme ostvarivanjem stroja za glačanje s više ploča za izbijanje, koji ima karakteristike velike pouzdanosti i proizvodnosti, kao i maksimalno tihog i ravnomjernog rada. The aim of the presented invention is to eliminate the problems described above by realizing an ironing machine with multiple punching plates, which has the characteristics of high reliability and productivity, as well as maximally quiet and even operation.

U obujmu navedenog cilja poseban je cilj izuma da se ostvari stroj za glačanje s više ploča za izbijanje, koji sprečava rezonanciju u tijeku osciliranja ploča za izbijanje. Within the scope of the stated objective, a special aim of the invention is to realize an ironing machine with multiple punching plates, which prevents resonance during the oscillation of the punching plates.

Sljedeći je cilj prikazanog izuma ostvariti stroj za glačanje koji može koristiti više frekvencije osciliranja od prethodnih, a da time ne izazove rezonanciju. Another goal of the presented invention is to realize an ironing machine that can use higher oscillation frequencies than the previous ones, without thereby causing resonance.

Ova namjera, ovi ciljevi, kao i drugi koji će se kasnije sagledati, ostvareni su jednim strojem za glačanje s više ploča za izbijanje za industrijske kože i slično, koji obuhvaća jedno postolje, pri čemu su na tom postolju postavljeni uređaji za pomicanje koža, više gornjih ploča za izbijanje, pri čemu su te gornje ploče za izbijanje postavljene nasuprot odgovarajućim donjim pločama za izbijanje, tako da formiraju susjedne parove ploča u smjeru pomicanja koža, a svaka od tih ploča je izvedena sa ispustima prilagođenim da sudjeluju sa komplementarnim udubljenjima, pri čemu su ta udubljenja formirana na nasuprotnoj ploči, a svaki par ploča ima jednu pokretnu i jednu nepokretnu ploču, pri čemu je postavljen jedan pokretački uređaj za djelovanje na spomenute pokretne ploče kako bi se te pokretne ploče pomicale naizmjenično prema, i od nepokretnih ploča, karakteristična po tome, što ima uređaje za sinhroniziranje koje djeluju na spomenuti pokretački uređaj kako bi se izjednačile frekvencije osciliranja susjednih pomičnih ploča. This intention, these objects, as well as others which will be considered later, have been achieved by a single ironing machine with several punching plates for industrial leathers and the like, comprising a stand, on which stand there are mounted devices for moving the hides, more upper punching plates, said upper punching plates being placed opposite corresponding lower punching plates so as to form adjacent pairs of plates in the direction of movement of the hides, each of said plates being provided with outlets adapted to engage complementary recesses, wherein these recesses are formed on the opposite plate, and each pair of plates has one movable and one stationary plate, whereby a driving device is placed to act on said movable plates in order to move these movable plates alternately towards and away from the stationary plates, characterized by that has synchronizing devices acting on said driving device to equalize the frequencies oscillations of adjacent movable plates.

Prema drugom obliku izvođenja, uređaji za sinhroniziranje su birani tako, da osiguravaju da naizmjenično kretanje susjednih ploča bude stalno suprotnofazno. According to another embodiment, the synchronizing devices are selected in such a way as to ensure that the alternating movement of the adjacent plates is always in opposite phase.

Druga svojstva i prednosti izuma bit će sagledani iz opisa jednog preporučljivog, ali ne i isključivog, izvođenja stroja s više ploča za izbijanje prema izumu, prikazanog samo kao neograničavajući primjer na priloženim crtežima, gdje: Other features and advantages of the invention will be seen from the description of one preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment of the multi-plate punching machine according to the invention, shown only as a non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings, where:

Slika 1. prikazuje, djelomično u presjeku, bočnu projekciju stroja za glačanje prema izumu, Figure 1 shows, partially in section, a side projection of the ironing machine according to the invention,

Slika 2. prikazuje izgled detalja stroja sa slike 1, koji se nalazi u području ograničenom isprekidanom linijom II, Figure 2 shows a detail view of the machine from Figure 1, located in the area bounded by the dashed line II,

Slika 3. prikazuje izgled drugog izvođenja detalja sa slike 2. Figure 3 shows the layout of the second embodiment of the detail from Figure 2.

S posebnim pozivom na sliku 1, stroj za glačanje prema izumu, uopćeno označen pozivnim brojem 1, obuhvaća nosivi okvir, ili postolje 2, načinjeno od jakih čeličnih greda, na kome je postavljen uređaj za pomicanje koža, koji se sastoji od dvije transporterske trake 3 i 4, koje imaju susjedne dijelove u međusobnom dodiru da bi povlačile kožu koja se treba obraditi. With special reference to figure 1, the ironing machine according to the invention, generally indicated by the reference number 1, includes a supporting frame, or stand 2, made of strong steel beams, on which is placed a device for moving the skins, which consists of two conveyor belts 3 and 4, having adjacent portions in mutual contact to pull the skin to be treated.

Parovi ploča za izbijanje, označeni pozivnim brojem 5, postavljeni su na suprotnim stranama u odnosu na susjedne dijelove traka 3 i 4. Kod prikazanog izvođenja postoje dva para 5' i 5", ali se njihov broj može povećati u ovisnosti o potrebama, kako bi se povećao kapacitet stroja. Posebno se svaki od parova sastoji od gornje ploče 6 i donje ploče 7, koje su postavljene sa suprotnih strana u odnosu na kože koje se trebaju obraditi. Prvi par 5' ploča sačinjava gornja ploča 6' koja je postavljena nasuprot donje ploče 7', dok drugi par 5" sačinjava gornja ploča 6" postavljena nasuprot donje ploče 7". Pairs of punching plates, marked with the reference number 5, are placed on opposite sides of the adjacent parts of the strips 3 and 4. In the embodiment shown, there are two pairs 5' and 5", but their number can be increased depending on the needs, in order to the capacity of the machine has increased. In particular, each of the pairs consists of an upper plate 6 and a lower plate 7, which are placed on opposite sides in relation to the skins to be processed. The first pair of 5' plates consists of the upper plate 6' which is placed opposite the lower plates 7', while the second pair 5" consists of the upper plate 6" placed opposite the lower plate 7".

Gornje ploče 6' i 6" su, na poznat način, zglobno vezane preko poluga 8' i 8" za nosače 9' i 9" koji su postavljeni na postolju 2. Gornje ploče 6' i 6" dalje imaju ispuste 10' i 10" koji sudjeluju s komplementarnim udubljenjima 11' i 11" izvedenim u donjim pločama T i 7". The upper plates 6' and 6" are, in a known manner, hinged via levers 8' and 8" to the supports 9' and 9" which are placed on the base 2. The upper plates 6' and 6" further have outlets 10' and 10 " which engage with the complementary recesses 11' and 11" made in the lower plates T and 7".

Postavljen je pokretački uređaj za osciliranje pomičnih ploča 6' i 6" izabranom amplitudom i frekvencijom, a oko obrtnih točaka 9' i 9", tako da se naizmjenično približavaju i udaljavaju u odnosu na nepokretne ploče 7' i 7", kako bi se izazvalo međusobno zahvaćanje i odvajanje ispupčenja 10' i 10" i udubljenja 11' i 11". Pokretački uređaj može se sastojati od spojnih poluga 12' i 12", koje povezuju rukavce 13' i 13" sa krivuljama 14' i 14". Rukavci 13' i 13" kruto su povezani sa pločama 6' i 6". Krivulje 14' i 14" kruto su povezane sa pripadajućim glavnim vratilima 15' i 15". Vratila su obrtno postavljena na postolju 2 i obrću iz pripadajući motori M' i M" pomoću prilagođenih pogonskih remena 16' i 16". A driving device is set up to oscillate the movable plates 6' and 6" with the selected amplitude and frequency, and around the pivot points 9' and 9", so that they alternately approach and move away from the stationary plates 7' and 7", in order to cause the mutual engagement and separation of the protrusions 10' and 10" and the depressions 11' and 11". The actuating device may consist of connecting rods 12' and 12", which connect the arms 13' and 13" to the curves 14' and 14". Sleeves 13' and 13" are rigidly connected to plates 6' and 6". The curves 14' and 14" are rigidly connected to the corresponding main shafts 15' and 15". The shafts are rotatably mounted on the base 2 and rotated by the associated motors M' and M" using adapted drive belts 16' and 16".

Pogodno je, radi uravnotežavanja rada stroja, da na svako od glavnih vratila 15' i 15" bude pričvršćen po jedan zamašnjak 17' i 17" izveden sa ekscentričnom masom 18', odnosno 18". Zamašnjaci 17', 17" mogu, po želji biti izvedeni s otvorima 19' i 19" za olakšanje, koji su raspoređeni tako da uravnotežavaju kretanje ploča i barem djelomično smanjuju vibracije stroja. It is convenient, in order to balance the operation of the machine, that one flywheel 17' and 17" is attached to each of the main shafts 15' and 15", made with an eccentric mass 18' and 18". Flywheels 17', 17" can, if desired be made with openings 19' and 19" for relief, which are arranged to balance the movement of the plates and at least partially reduce the vibrations of the machine.

Prema jednom posebnom svojstvu izuma, postavljeni su uređaji 20 za sinhroniziranje, koji djeluju kao pokretački uređaj kako bi se izjednačile frekvencije osciliranja susjednih ploča 6' i 6" za izbijanje. According to one particular feature of the invention, synchronizing devices 20 are provided, which act as a driving device to equalize the oscillation frequencies of adjacent punching plates 6' and 6".

Na slici 2 prikazano je prvo izvođenje tog uređaja 20 za sinhroniziranje, koji obuhvaća dva zupčasta remernika 21' i 21" koji su klinovima pričvršćeni na vratila 15' i 15", i međusobno su povezani jednim prilagođenim zupčastim remenom 22. Može se postaviti i jedan zatetni točak 23 da bi držao zupčasti remen 22 stalno u zategnutom stanju. Remernici 21' i 21" imaju iste promjere i isti broj zuba, tako daje prijenosni odnos između vratila 15' i 15" 1:1. Treba napomenuti da su remernici postavljeni pod različitim kutevima na vratilima 15' i 15", tako da krivulje 14' i 14" budu točno u suprotnim fazama. Figure 2 shows a first embodiment of this synchronizing device 20, which comprises two toothed belts 21' and 21" which are pinned to shafts 15' and 15", and are connected to each other by a single adapted toothed belt 22. It is also possible to install one tension wheel 23 to keep the toothed belt 22 constantly in tension. The 21' and 21" pulleys have the same diameters and the same number of teeth, so the transmission ratio between the 15' and 15" shafts is 1:1. It should be noted that the slings are set at different angles on the shafts 15' and 15", so that the curves 14' and 14" are exactly in opposite phases.

Kod drugog izvođenja, prikazanog na slici 3, uređaj za sinhroniziranje sastoji se od prijenosnog vratila 24 na kome su krajnji zupčanici 25' i 25" pričvršćeni klinovima. Ovi se zupčanici sprežu sa zupčanicima 26' i 26" koji su kruto povezani s vratilima 15' i 15". I u ovom se slučaju bira prijenosni odnos jednak 1:1, pri čemu su krivulje 14' i 14" suprotno fazno postavljene. In the second embodiment, shown in Figure 3, the synchronizing device consists of a transmission shaft 24 on which the end gears 25' and 25" are fixed with pins. These gears mesh with the gears 26' and 26" which are rigidly connected to the shafts 15' and 15". In this case too, a transmission ratio equal to 1:1 is chosen, whereby the curves 14' and 14" are set in opposite phase.

Očigledno je da se mogu postaviti drugi uređaji 20' za sinhroniziranje, naznačeni isprekidanim linijama na lijevom dijelu slike 1, koji su također predviđeni da izjednače frekvencije obrtanja treće ploče 6'" za izbijanje, koja je također prikazana shematski, isprekidanim linijama, na slici 1. It is clear that other synchronizing devices 20', indicated by broken lines on the left side of Figure 1, can also be provided to equalize the rotation frequencies of the third punching plate 6'", which is also shown schematically, by broken lines, in Figure 1 .

U tijeku rada su frekvencije obrtanja vratila 15' i 15", kao i svakog drugog glavnog vratila striktno identične, dok su krivulje orijentirane tako da održavaju oscilacije ploča 6', 6" i 6'" u faznoj opoziciji u tijeku rada stroja. During operation, the rotation frequencies of the shafts 15' and 15", as well as every other main shaft, are strictly identical, while the curves are oriented to maintain the oscillations of the plates 6', 6" and 6'" in phase opposition during the operation of the machine.

U praksi je zapaženo da stroj prema izumu potpuno postiže namjenu i ciljeve, a posebno to da isključuje pojavu rezonancije, koja je bila tipična za prethodne strojeve s više ploča. Dalje se moglo utvrditi da stroj može raditi pri većim brzinama, sa frekvencijama od oko 650 udara u minuti, povećavajući produktivnost za oko 20% bez izazivanja rezonancije. In practice, it has been observed that the machine according to the invention completely achieves its purpose and goals, and especially that it excludes the occurrence of resonance, which was typical for previous multi-plate machines. It was further determined that the machine can operate at higher speeds, with frequencies of about 650 strokes per minute, increasing productivity by about 20% without causing resonance.

Ovako zamišljen stroj je podložan brojnim modifikacijama i varijantama, koje su sve u obujmu izumiteljske koncepcije definirane priloženim patentnim zahtjevima. Tako se prijenosni elementi, obuhvaćeni u uređajima za sinhroniziranje, mogu zamijeniti ekvivalentnim sustavima kao što je kardanska osovina i kardanski zglob, ili hidraulični ili električni prenosnici za koje se smatra da su u obujmu izumiteljske koncepcije za koju se traži zaštita. Umjesto više motora priključenih na pripadajuća glavna vratila, moguće je postaviti jedan jedini motor povezan sa svim glavnim vratilima odgovarajućim prijenosnim elementima. The machine conceived in this way is subject to numerous modifications and variants, all of which are within the scope of the inventive concept defined by the attached patent claims. Thus, the transmission elements included in the synchronizing devices can be replaced by equivalent systems such as cardan shaft and cardan joint, or hydraulic or electric transmissions considered to be within the scope of the inventive concept for which protection is sought. Instead of several motors connected to the corresponding main shafts, it is possible to install a single motor connected to all the main shafts by suitable transmission elements.

Tamo gdje su tehnički elementi spomenuti u bilo kojem od zahtjeva praćeni pozivnim oznakama, te su pozivne oznake uključene jedino u cilju povećavanja jasnoće zahtjeva, pa, prema tome, te pozivne oznake nemaju nikakvo ograničavajuće djelovanje na obujam zaštite svakog od elemenata označenih kao primjer takvim pozivnim znacima. Where the technical elements mentioned in any of the claims are accompanied by call signs, those call signs are included only for the purpose of increasing the clarity of the claims, and, accordingly, those call signs have no limiting effect on the scope of protection of each of the elements exemplified by such call signs. signs.

Claims

1. An ironing machine with several punching plates, for industrial leather and the like, comprising one stand, on which the devices 3 and 4 for moving the skins are placed on the stand 2, several upper plates 6' and 6" for punching, wherein and upper punching plates placed opposite the lower punching plates 7', 7" so as to form adjacent pairs of plates 5' and 5" in the direction of movement of the skins, each of the plates being provided with protrusions 10', 10" adapted to engage with complementary recesses 10', 10" adapted to engage with complementary recesses 11' and 11", formed on the opposite plate, each pair of opposite plates having one movable plate and one stationary plate, and an actuating device acting on said movable plates is provided in order to alternately move these moving plates closer and further away from the stationary plates, characterized by the fact that a synchronizing device (20) is installed which acts on the aforementioned driving device to equalize the axis frequencies adjacent movable plates.

2. An ironing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said synchronizing device (20) is adapted to maintain the alternating movement of adjacent plates (6' and 6") constantly in phase opposition.

3. Ironing machine according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that the said driving device comprises for each of the movable plates (6' and 6") at least one electric motor (M' and M") which is connected to the corresponding elements for converting the rotating movements into an oscillatory movement, which include the main shaft (15' and 15"), the connecting rod (12' and 12") and the curve (14' and 14").

4. An ironing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that said synchronizing device (20) is placed between the main shaft (15' and 15") of each pair of punching plates and the main shaft of the adjacent pair.

5. The ironing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the synchronizing device (20) comprises transmission elements with a 1:1 transmission ratio.

6. Ironing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that these transmission elements are adjusted in advance so that the displacement between the curves (14' and 14") of these adjacent main shafts is equal to 180°.

7. Ironing machine according to claim 6, characterized in that these elements for transmitting movement include pairs of toothed belts (21' and 21") which are attached with pins to adjacent main shafts (15' and 15") and are connected by a corresponding toothed belt (23).

8. Ironing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the mentioned elements for transmitting motion are selected from elements of the type with a transmission shaft made with pairs of bevel gears, cardan shaft or the like, electronic speed regulators, and the like, with a transmission ratio of 1:1 .

9. An ironing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the movable punching plates is driven by one separate electric motor (M and M').

10. An ironing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a single drive motor for all the movable punching plates.