HRP20190694A2 - Underwater floating tunnel of segments with ballast tanks - Google Patents
Underwater floating tunnel of segments with ballast tanks Download PDFInfo
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- HRP20190694A2 HRP20190694A2 HRP20190694AA HRP20190694A HRP20190694A2 HR P20190694 A2 HRP20190694 A2 HR P20190694A2 HR P20190694A A HRP20190694A A HR P20190694AA HR P20190694 A HRP20190694 A HR P20190694A HR P20190694 A2 HRP20190694 A2 HR P20190694A2
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009429 distress Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000854350 Enicospilus group Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Podvodni plutajući tunel od segmenata s balastnim tankovima (A) spaja kopno između dvije obale i pluta na zadanoj dubini u moru ili vodi tako da osigurava sigurnu plovidbu brodova. Podvodni tunel je izrađen od jednog ili više međusobno spojenih segmenata (B). Kroz segment (B), koji ima kućište (5), izvedene su dvije glavne tunelske cijevi (C) sa dvije prometne trake za promet vozila, sa dva tanka balasta (D) za korištenje sile uzgona za plutanje tunela na zadanoj dubini, sa dvije bočne tunelske cijevi (E) za dovod zraka i evakuaciju, sa dvije bočne tunelske cijevi (F) za dovod vode, plina, nafte, struje i komprimiranog zraka. Za održavanje bočne stabilnosti tunela koriste se regulaciona sidra (20). Tunel ima i okomite cijevi (H) za odvod zraka i evakuaciju od kućica (G) s opremom za upravljanje regulacionim sidrima do plutača (22) na površini vode (3) za spašavanje ljudi u krajnjoj nuždi. Upravljanje regulacionim ventilima i regulacionim sidrima je automatizirano i obavlja se daljinskim putem. The underwater floating tunnel of segments with ballast tanks (A) connects the mainland between two coasts and floats at a specified depth in the sea or water so as to ensure safe sailing of the ships. The underwater tunnel is made of one or more interconnected segments (B).<BR/><BR/>Through the segment (B), which has a housing (5), two main tunnel tubes (C) with two traffic lanes for the traffic of the vehicle are provided, with two ballast tanks (D) to use buoyancy for floating of the tunnel at a given depth, with two lateral tunnel pipes (E) for air supply and evacuation, with two side tunnel pipes (F) for supplying water, gas, oil, electricity and compressed air. Regulating anchors (20) are used to maintain lateral stability of tunnels. The tunnel also has vertical pipes (H) for air drainage and evacuation from houses (G) with anchor control systems to buoys (22) on the water surface (3) to rescue people in extreme distress.<BR/><BR/>Control of regulating valves and regulating anchors is automated and is carried out remotely.An underwater floating tunnel made of segments with ballast tanks (A) connects the land between two shores and floats at a given depth in the sea or water so as to ensure the safe navigation of ships. The underwater tunnel is made of one or more interconnected segments (B). Through the segment (B), which has a housing (5), two main tunnel pipes (C) with two traffic lanes for vehicle traffic, with two thin ballasts (D) for the use of buoyancy force for floating tunnels at a given depth, with two side tunnel pipes (E) for air supply and evacuation, with two side tunnel pipes (F) for water, gas, oil, electricity and compressed air supply. Regulating anchors (20) are used to maintain the lateral stability of the tunnel. The tunnel also has vertical pipes (H) for air extraction and evacuation from the huts (G) with equipment for controlling the regulation anchors to the buoy (22) on the surface of the water (3) for rescuing people in an emergency. Control of control valves and control anchors is automated and performed remotely. The underwater floating tunnel of segments with ballast tanks (A) connects the mainland between two coasts and floats at a specified depth in the sea or water so as to ensure safe sailing of the ships. The underwater tunnel is made of one or more interconnected segments (B). <BR/> <BR/> Through the segment (B), which has a housing (5), two main tunnel tubes (C) with two traffic lanes for the traffic of the vehicle are provided, with two ballast tanks (D) to use buoyancy for floating of the tunnel at a given depth, with two lateral tunnel pipes (E) for air supply and evacuation, with two side tunnel pipes (F) for supplying water, gas, oil, electricity and compressed air. Regulating anchors (20) are used to maintain lateral stability of tunnels. The tunnel also has vertical pipes (H) for air drainage and evacuation from houses (G) with anchor control systems to buoys (22) on the water surface (3) to rescue people in extreme distress. <BR/> <BR/> Control of regulating valves and regulating anchors is automated and is carried out remotely.
Description
Područje tehnike The field of technology
Prema Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji izum pripada području E – građevinarstvo, potpodručje E02 – vodogradnje, razred E02D – podvodne građevine odnosno skupina E02D 29/067 u koju spadaju plutajući tuneli. According to the International Classification, the invention belongs to area E - construction, sub-area E02 - hydraulic engineering, class E02D - underwater constructions, i.e. group E02D 29/067, which includes floating tunnels.
Tehnički problem Technical problem
Tehnički problem je ugradnja tunelskih segmenata na većim dubinama na kojima je potrebno postaviti segment na već pripremljeno postolje koje će ga trajno nositi, zbog konfiguracije terena podvodne površine i kvalitete materijala na koju se ugrađuje segment podvodnog tunela. Izvođenje građevinskih radova na većim dubinama je tehnički zahtijevan, opasan i skup posao. The technical problem is the installation of tunnel segments at greater depths, where it is necessary to place the segment on an already prepared base that will carry it permanently, due to the terrain configuration of the underwater surface and the quality of the material on which the underwater tunnel segment is installed. Carrying out construction works at greater depths is technically demanding, dangerous and expensive work.
Segmenti plutajućeg tunela se dotegle na mjesto ugradnje i uz pomoć raznih plutajućih suporta ili uzgonskih elemenata se dopremaju do mjesta zarona, te je problematično na većoj udaljenosti od kopna, manipulirati velikim teretnim uređajima ili plutajućim dizalicama. Takav postupak je i skup i rizičan zbog angažiranja dodatnih tehničkih mjera. The segments of the floating tunnel are pulled to the place of installation and with the help of various floating supports or buoyancy elements they are brought to the place of diving, and it is problematic to manipulate large cargo devices or floating cranes at a greater distance from the land. Such a procedure is both expensive and risky due to the engagement of additional technical measures.
Segmenti tunela se dovuku do mjesta uranjanja i onda se manipulira velikim masama na vodenoj površini, a spajanje segmenata je ronilački posao koji je, osim što je opasan, i sa najskupljom satnicom izvršenja. Tunnel segments are dragged to the immersion site and then large masses are manipulated on the water surface, and connecting the segments is a diving job that, in addition to being dangerous, is also the most expensive per hour of execution.
Potrebno je da se segment plutajućeg tunela postavi u zahtjevne prostorne koordinate ispod vodene površine i spoji sa prethodnim segmentom. It is necessary to place the segment of the floating tunnel in demanding spatial coordinates under the water surface and connect it with the previous segment.
Konfiguracija podvodnog zemljišta na terenu na kojem se postavljaju oslonci za trajnu ugradnju tunelskih segmenata, mora biti izvedena sigurno i sa nadzorom ustanova za tehnički nadzor gradnje. The configuration of the underwater land on the ground where the supports for the permanent installation of the tunnel segments are placed must be carried out safely and under the supervision of institutions for technical supervision of construction.
Tunel treba osigurati sa regulacionim vezovima prema sidrima zbog pojave strujanja tekućine, kao morske struje ili riječnog toka, ili strujanje zbog toplinskih razlika. The tunnel should be secured with regulating moorings towards the anchors due to the occurrence of fluid flow, such as sea current or river flow, or flow due to thermal differences.
Spajanje segmenata tunela ispod vode trebalo bi biti pojednostavljeno osiguranim podvodnim radovima. Te radove trebaju obaviti specijalni brodovi za damping stijena za postavljanje fiksnih sidara. Fiksna sidra se trebaju spojiti na podesno mjesto na segmentu koje bi moglo biti dostupno za regulaciju. Connecting tunnel segments under water should be simplified by secured underwater works. These works should be done by special ships for rock dumping to install fixed anchors. Fixed anchors should be connected to a convenient location on the segment that could be accessible for regulation.
Svakom slijedećem segmentu koji se spoji treba osigurati dobavu zraka da se napuni nakon ispumpavanja vode te treba biti zatvoren na slobodnoj strani da podnese tlak tekućine prema ispumpanoj strani. Every next segment that is connected should be provided with an air supply to be filled after the water is pumped out and should be closed on the free side to bear the liquid pressure towards the pumped side.
Na većim dubinama segmenti su izloženi puno većim tlakovima te bi imali i zahtjevniji postupak spajanja i ispumpavanja. At greater depths, the segments are exposed to much higher pressures and would have a more demanding connection and pumping process.
Ukupni tunel mora biti opskrbljen svježim zrakom te mu treba dodati zračne tunele u koje bi se zrak narinuo ventilatorima znatnijeg kapaciteta po cijeloj dužini tunela, a zračni kanal bi ujedno trebao imati dovoljne dimenzije za eventualno evakuiranje zbog požarne opasnosti ili naplavljivanja. The total tunnel must be supplied with fresh air, and air tunnels should be added to it, in which the air would be drawn by fans of considerable capacity along the entire length of the tunnel, and the air channel should also have sufficient dimensions for eventual evacuation due to fire danger or flooding.
U zračnim tunelima bi se mogao osigurati dovod pitke vode i hitna pomoć, te telefoni za uzbunjivanje i dovod standardnog goriva za aute koji su ostali bez goriva, te bi se morali izolirati od tunela za prolaz auta. The air tunnels could provide potable water supply and emergency aid, as well as emergency telephones and supply of standard fuel for cars that ran out of fuel, and would have to be isolated from the tunnel for cars to pass through.
Opskrba vode i zraka te otplinjavanje bi se trebala osigurati i sa plutača koje bi sa površine bile spojene na tunel te bi se na njih moglo spojiti i evakuiranje unesrećenih ili nužno napuštanje tunela. Ako bi tunel bio postavljen duboko na morsko dno, onda bi to evakuiranje bilo teže zbog kompliciranijih uvjeta dubine. Water and air supply and degassing should also be ensured from buoys that would be connected to the tunnel from the surface, and the evacuation of victims or the necessary evacuation of the tunnel could also be connected to them. If the tunnel were placed deep on the seabed, then evacuation would be more difficult due to more complicated conditions at depth.
U zračnim tunelima za potporu ukupnog tunela moraju biti postavljena sigurnosna mjesta za nuždu sa toaletima te bi kroz tunele stalno patrolirala hitna pomoć u oba smjera i dovoljan broj ekipa te vatrogasci koji bi ispitivali i održavali uređaje dojava i preživljavanja te vatrodojava i naplavina. In the air tunnels to support the entire tunnel, emergency safety places with toilets must be installed, and the tunnels would be constantly patrolled by an ambulance in both directions and a sufficient number of crews and firefighters who would test and maintain alarm and survival devices as well as fire and debris alarms.
Glavni problem tunela je izoliranje u slučaju poplave ili požara upotrebom vodo i vatro nepropusne barijere. The main problem of tunnels is isolation in case of flood or fire using water and fireproof barrier.
U tunel bi morao biti postavljen sistem vodenog rasprskavanja do magle u glavne tunele. In the tunnel, a system of water spraying to fog in the main tunnels would have to be installed.
Tehnički problem koji se rješava ovim izumom odnosi se na konstrukciju podvodnog plutajućeg tunela koji će se na zadanoj dubini u vodi održavati silom uzgona, koji će bočnu stabilnost osiguravati regulacionim sidrima, koji će za dovod i ispuhivanje zraka imati uzdužne ventilacijske cijevi, koji će imati uzdužne cijevi za dovod energenata i koji će imati okomite cijevi za odvod zraka iz segmenta i evakuaciju ljudi do plutača na površini vode u slučaju krajnje nužde. The technical problem solved by this invention relates to the construction of an underwater floating tunnel that will be maintained at a given depth in the water by the force of buoyancy, which will ensure lateral stability with regulating anchors, which will have longitudinal ventilation pipes for air supply and exhaust, which will have longitudinal pipes for the supply of energy sources and which will have vertical pipes for draining air from the segment and evacuating people to a float on the surface of the water in case of extreme emergency.
Stanje tehnike State of the art
Plutajući podvodni tuneli se već proizvode, grade ili predlažu za gradnju u studijama te su oslonjeni na dno na potpornim pilonima ili osloncima druge vrste. Segmenti se proizvode na kopnu, te se raznim metodama porinu u vodu i doplutaju tegljenjem do mjesta zarona pod vodu. Floating underwater tunnels are already manufactured, built or proposed for construction in studies and are supported on the bottom on supporting pylons or supports of another type. The segments are produced on land, and are launched into the water using various methods and floated by towing to the place of underwater diving.
Bit izuma The essence of invention
Bit izuma je podvodni plutajući tunel od segmenata s balastnim tankovima. The essence of the invention is an underwater floating tunnel made of segments with ballast tanks.
Podvodni plutajući tunel obuhvaća jedan ili više međusobno spojenih segmenata s balastnim tankovima. The underwater floating tunnel comprises one or more interconnected segments with ballast tanks.
Segment podvodnog plutajućeg tunela je izveden s minimalno jednom glavnom uzdužnom cijevi za promet vozila, s minimalno dva tanka balasta za tegljenje i regulaciju dubine, s minimalno jednim regulacionim sidrom za regulaciju stabilnosti, s minimalno jednom uzdužnom cijevi za dovod zraka, ispuhivanje i evakuaciju, s minimalno jednom uzdužnom cijevi za vodu i energetiku, s minimalno jednom okomitom cijevi za odvod zraka i evakuaciju ljudi iz podvodnog plutajućeg tunela do plutača na površini vode. The underwater floating tunnel segment is constructed with at least one main longitudinal pipe for vehicle traffic, with at least two thin ballasts for towing and depth regulation, with at least one regulating anchor for stability regulation, with at least one longitudinal pipe for air supply, exhausting and evacuation, with at least one longitudinal pipe for water and energy, with at least one vertical pipe for air drainage and evacuation of people from the underwater floating tunnel to the float on the surface of the water.
Kratki opis slika Short description of the pictures
Sl. 1. prikazuje podvodni plutajući tunel od više segmenata s balastnim tankovima, između dviju obala; Sl. 1. shows an underwater floating tunnel of several segments with ballast tanks, between two banks;
Sl. 2. prikazuje segment s balastnim tankovima podvodnog plutajućeg tunela – pogled sprijeda; Sl. 2. shows the segment with ballast tanks of the underwater floating tunnel - front view;
Sl. 3. prikazuje segment sa Sl.2. – pogled odozgo; Sl. 3. shows the segment from Fig. 2. - View from above;
Sl. 4. prikazuje segment sa Sl.2. – pogled bočno; Sl. 4. shows the segment from Fig. 2. – side view;
Sl. 5. prikazuje segment sa Sl.4. – presjek X – X; Sl. 5. shows the segment from Fig. 4. – section X – X;
Sl. 6. prikazuje segment sa Sl.4. – presjek Y – Y; Sl. 6. shows the segment from Fig. 4. – section Y – Y;
Sl. 7. prikazuje segment sa Sl.3. – presjek Z – Z. Sl. 7. shows the segment from Fig. 3. – section Z – Z.
Detaljan opis izvedbe i funkcioniranja izuma Detailed description of the performance and functioning of the invention
Podvodni plutajući tunel od segmenata s balastnim tankovima izrađen je od jednog ili više segmenata s balastnim tankovima, spaja kopno na dvije obale, usidren je za dno mora, a pluta pod vodom na dubini koja osigurava normalnu plovidbu brodova. An underwater floating tunnel made of segments with ballast tanks is made of one or more segments with ballast tanks, connects the land on two shores, is anchored to the bottom of the sea, and floats underwater at a depth that ensures normal navigation of ships.
Kod projektiranja podvodnog plutajućeg tunela potrebno je odrediti minimalnu dubinu na kojoj će se tunel postaviti tako da se osigura nesmetani prolaz brodova iznad tunela da ne bi nastupila oštećenja, te predvidi svjetlosna i zvučna signalizacija za izbjegavanje nasukavanja podmornica i ronilačkih instalacija, te tegljenih tereta i platformi u premještanju. When designing an underwater floating tunnel, it is necessary to determine the minimum depth at which the tunnel will be placed in such a way as to ensure the unhindered passage of ships above the tunnel so that no damage occurs, and provide for light and sound signaling to avoid the stranding of submarines and diving installations, as well as towed cargo and platforms in moving.
U primjeru iz ovog izuma opisana je izvedba podvodnog plutajućeg tunela A od više međusobno spojenih segmenata B s dva balastna tanka D, Sl.1. In the example from this invention, the design of the underwater floating tunnel A is described, consisting of several interconnected segments B with two ballast tanks D, Fig.1.
Segment B: Segment B:
Segment B, Sl.2., 3., 4., 5., 6. i 7., podvodnog plutajućeg tunela ima kućište 5 od metalne konstrukcije s unutarnjim pregradama 6. Segment B je izoliran s pogodnim betonskim smjesama. Segment B, Fig. 2., 3., 4., 5., 6. and 7., of the underwater floating tunnel has a housing 5 made of metal construction with internal partitions 6. Segment B is insulated with suitable concrete mixtures.
Kroz kućište 5 segmenta B su izvedene: Through the case, 5 segments B are performed:
- dvije uzdužne glavne tunelske cijevi C za promet vozila, Sl.4., 5. i 6., - two longitudinal main tunnel tubes C for vehicle traffic, Fig. 4, 5 and 6,
- dva paralelna uzdužna tanka balasta D, Sl.4., 5. i 7., - two parallel longitudinal thin ballasts D, Fig. 4, 5 and 7,
- dvije uzdužne bočne tunelske cijevi E za zrak i evakuaciju, Sl.4., 5. i 6., - two longitudinal side tunnel pipes E for air and evacuation, Fig. 4, 5 and 6,
- dvije uzdužne bočne tunelske cijevi F za vodu i energetiku, Sl.4., 5. i 6., - two longitudinal side tunnel pipes F for water and energy, Fig. 4, 5 and 6,
- četiri kućice G s opremom za upravljanje regulacionim sidrima, Sl.1., 2., 3., 4. i 5., - four houses G with equipment for managing regulating anchors, Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5,
- četiri regulaciona sidra 20 s lancima 21, i - four regulating anchors 20 with chains 21, i
- okomite cijevi H za odvod zraka - otplinjavanje i evakuaciju od kućice za upravljanje sidrom do plutače, Sl.1. - vertical pipes H for air drainage - degassing and evacuation from the anchor control house to the buoy, Fig. 1.
Segment B se izradi na kopnu i dotegli na mjesto gdje se spušta u vodu. Plutanjem i reguliranjem količine i nivoa tekućine balasta 9 u tankovima balasta D segment se potopi na poziciju za ugradnju odnosno spajanje s drugim segmentima. Zatim se regulacionim sidrima 20 segment spaja na dno mora 4 i tako osigurava od utjecaja morskih struja. Na segmentu je ugrađena instalacija komprimiranog zraka za upravljanje regulacionim ventilima. Svi regulacioni ventili su povezani na instalaciju cijevi za komprimirani zrak 19, a zbog dužine instalacije postavljeni su i međuspremnici – akumulatori komprimiranog zraka. Segment B is made on land and brought to the place where it is lowered into the water. By floating and regulating the amount and level of the ballast liquid 9 in the ballast tanks, segment D is lowered to the position for installation or connection with other segments. Then the segment is connected to the bottom of the sea 4 with regulating anchors 20 and thus secured against the influence of sea currents. The segment has a compressed air installation for controlling the control valves. All the control valves are connected to the compressed air pipe installation 19, and due to the length of the installation, buffer tanks - compressed air accumulators - are also installed.
Dobava ventilacijskog zraka ide s kopna kroz glavnu cijev C i uzdužne bočne tunelske cijevi E, a odvod - otplinjavanje zraka iz tunela se izvodi kroz okomite cijevi H prema plutačama 22. The supply of ventilation air goes from the land through the main pipe C and the longitudinal side tunnel pipes E, and the drain - degassing of the air from the tunnel is carried out through the vertical pipes H towards the buoys 22.
Ukupan sistem koji se odnosi na količinu vode balasta 9 u tankovima balasta, napetosti regulacionih sidara 20, te tlak ventilacijskog zraka, nadzire Dynamic Positioning. The overall system related to the amount of ballast water 9 in the ballast tanks, the tension of the regulating anchors 20, and the ventilation air pressure is monitored by Dynamic Positioning.
Potrebno je da segment B bude dotegljen na mjesto ugradnje te se sam spusti na mjesto ugradnje pod vodu. It is necessary that segment B be tightened to the installation site and lowered to the installation site under water.
Segmenti B bi se u pojedinim fazama spajali na kopnu ili površini vode i onda do dubine postavljanja uronili balastiranjem. Segments B would be joined in certain stages on the land or water surface and then submerged to the installation depth by ballasting.
Glavne tunelske cijevi C: Main tunnel tubes C:
Svaka glavna tunelska cijev C ima cestu 7, a izvedena je uzduž segmenta B. Svaka cesta je predviđena za dvije trake za promet vozila. Each main tunnel tube C has a road 7, and it is built along the segment B. Each road is designed for two lanes for vehicle traffic.
U svakoj glavnoj tunelskoj cijevi C je izvedena protupožarna instalacija 8 za gašenje požara vodenom maglom. In each main tunnel pipe C, a fire-fighting installation 8 for extinguishing fires with water mist is installed.
Tankovi D balasta: D ballast tanks:
U segmentu B su izvedena dva paralelna uzdužna tanka D za balast 9, a smještena su ispod glavnih tunelskih cijevi C za promet vozila. Tankovi balasta D su na prednjoj i stražnjoj strani zatvoreni pregradom 6. Tankovi balasta su na gornjem dijelu povezani s najmanje jednom gornjom spojnom cijevi 10 i na donjem dijelu s najmanje jednom donjom spojnom cijevi 11 za prolaz balasta 9 iz jednog u drugi tank. Gornje spojne cijevi 10 na gornjem dijelu tankova imaju ugrađene regulacione ventile za kontrolu punjenja i pražnjenja tankova balastom. Upravljanje regulacionim ventilima se obavlja automatski komprimiranim zrakom. Tankovi D se, prije uranjanja, na kopnu napune balastom 9 - vodom ili morem, do potrebne količine za tegljenje i uranjanje na odgovarajuću dubinu. Punjenjem i pražnjenjem tankova balasta, segment se postavlja u položaj za ugradnju. Na taj način, korištenjem uzgona, segment B i cijeli podvodni plutajući tunel lebdi u vodi na potrebnoj dubini, a cijeli sustav nadzire Dynamic Positioning. In segment B, two parallel longitudinal tanks D for ballast 9 were constructed, and they are located under the main tunnel pipes C for vehicle traffic. The ballast tanks D are closed on the front and back sides by a partition 6. The ballast tanks are connected on the upper part with at least one upper connecting pipe 10 and on the lower part with at least one lower connecting pipe 11 for the passage of ballast 9 from one tank to another. The upper connecting pipes 10 on the upper part of the tanks have built-in regulation valves for controlling the filling and emptying of the tanks with ballast. The regulation valves are controlled automatically with compressed air. Before immersion, tanks D are filled with ballast 9 on land - water or sea, to the required amount for towing and immersion to the appropriate depth. By filling and emptying the ballast tanks, the segment is positioned for installation. In this way, using buoyancy, segment B and the entire underwater floating tunnel float in the water at the required depth, and the entire system is monitored by Dynamic Positioning.
Bočne tunelske cijevi E: Side tunnel tubes E:
Bočne tunelske cijevi E su izvedene s vanjske bočne strane uzdužno i u nivou s glavnim tunelskim cijevima C, a služe za dovod svježeg zraka i za evakuaciju ljudi. The side tunnel pipes E are made on the outer side longitudinally and at the same level as the main tunnel pipes C, and serve to supply fresh air and to evacuate people.
Bočne tunelske cijevi E, s jednim ili više otvora 12 za zrak i evakuaciju, su povezane s glavnim tunelskim cijevima C. The side tunnel pipes E, with one or more openings 12 for air and evacuation, are connected to the main tunnel pipes C.
Bočne tunelske cijevi E imaju u stropu prolaz 13 za zrak i evakuaciju ljudi do kućica G s opremom za upravljanje sidrima. The side tunnel tubes E have a passage 13 in the ceiling for air and the evacuation of people to the cabins G with the equipment for handling the anchors.
Bočne tunelske uzdužne cijevi E za dovod zraka su potpora ventilacije u tunelima i smjer za evakuaciju u slučaju udesa ili požara, te su odvojene od glavnih uzdužnih tunelskih cijevi koje imaju protupožarnu instalaciju 8 za gašenje požara vodenom maglom. The side tunnel longitudinal pipes E for air supply are the ventilation support in the tunnels and the direction for evacuation in case of accident or fire, and are separated from the main longitudinal tunnel pipes which have a fire protection installation 8 for extinguishing fires with water mist.
Bočne tunelske cijevi F: Side tunnel tubes F:
Bočne tunelske cijevi F su izvedene s vanjske bočne strane uzdužno i u nivou s tankovima balasta, a predviđene su za smještaj cijevi za dovod vode i energenata kroz cijelu dužinu segmenta B i podvodnog tunela A, i to: The lateral tunnel pipes F are made on the outer side longitudinally and at the same level as the ballast tanks, and are designed to house the water and energy supply pipes throughout the entire length of segment B and underwater tunnel A, namely:
14 - cijev za vodu 14 - water pipe
15 - cijev za plin 15 - gas pipe
16 - cijev za naftu 16 - oil pipe
17 - cijev za svjetlovod 17 - fiber optic tube
18 - cijev za električni kabeli 18 - pipe for electrical cables
19 - cijev za komprimirani zrak 19 - pipe for compressed air
Kućice G za upravljanje regulacionim sidrima: Houses G for managing regulating anchors:
Na uglovima gornje plohe kućišta 5 segmenta B su izgrađene četiri kućice G, za upravljanje regulacionim sidrima 20, Sl.2., 3., 4. i 5. Sidra 20 su povezana na lance 21 i usidrena u dno 4 mora ili vode. Natezanjem ili popuštanjem lanaca 21 sa sidrom 20 se upravlja daljinski i tako regulira stabilnost segmenta B odnosno podvodnog plutajućeg tunela A od utjecaja morskih struja. On the corners of the upper surface of the housing 5 of segment B, four houses G are built, for managing the regulating anchors 20, Fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5. The anchors 20 are connected to chains 21 and anchored in the bottom 4 of the sea or water. The tensioning or loosening of the chains 21 with the anchor 20 is controlled remotely and thus regulates the stability of segment B, i.e. underwater floating tunnel A, from the influence of sea currents.
Okomite cijevi H od segmenta do plutače: Vertical pipes H from the segment to the buoy:
Od kućica G s opremom za upravljanje sidrom do plutača 22 na površini mora 3, Sl.1., postavljene su okomite cijevi H za odvod zraka iz podvodnog plutajućeg tunela A. Okomita cijev H služi i za evakuaciju ljudi iz segmenta B u slučaju krajnje nužde. Ovisno o broju segmenata B koji sačinjavaju podvodni plutajući tunel A te sigurnosnim potrebama, prilagođava se broj okomitih cijevi H koje spajaju kućice G s plutačama 22. From the houses G with the anchor management equipment to the buoy 22 on the surface of the sea 3, Fig. 1, vertical pipes H are placed for air drainage from the underwater floating tunnel A. The vertical pipe H also serves to evacuate people from segment B in case of extreme emergency . Depending on the number of segments B that make up the underwater floating tunnel A and safety needs, the number of vertical pipes H that connect the houses G to the buoys 22 is adjusted.
Podvodni plutajući tunel A nije potpuno kruta konstrukcija, jer je pod stalnim nadzorom balastnih tankova D koji na principu uzgona održavaju njegovu ravnotežu i elastičnost, odnosno njegovo održavanje na zadanoj dubini. Upravljanje balastiranjem obavlja se automatski uz podršku regulacionih sidara 20 na lancima 21, koji održavaju bočnu stabilnost tunela. Underwater floating tunnel A is not a completely rigid structure, because it is under the constant supervision of ballast tanks D, which maintain its balance and elasticity based on the principle of buoyancy, i.e. its maintenance at a given depth. Ballast management is performed automatically with the support of regulatory anchors 20 on chains 21, which maintain the lateral stability of the tunnel.
Segmenti B su s vanjske strane izolirani povoljnim betonskim smjesama, a između segmenata je kvalitetno elastično brtvljenje kao gumene mase. Segments B are insulated on the outside with favorable concrete mixtures, and between the segments there is a high-quality elastic sealing as a rubber compound.
Spajanje tunelskih segmenata B se izvodi tako da se pojedini segmenti, mogu reparirati i zamijeniti, izvan sistema tunela. The connection of tunnel segments B is performed so that individual segments can be repaired and replaced outside the tunnel system.
Popis pozivnih oznaka List of callsigns
A – podvodni plutajući tunel od više segmenata s balastnim tankovima A – underwater floating tunnel of several segments with ballast tanks
1 - kopno 1 - land
2 - dio tunela kroz kopno 2 - part of the tunnel through the land
3 - površina mora ili vode 3 - the surface of the sea or water
4 - dno mora ili vode 4 - bottom of the sea or water
B – segment podvodnog plutajućeg tunela s dva balastna tanka B – segment of underwater floating tunnel with two ballast tanks
5 - kućište segmenta 5 - segment housing
6 - unutarnje pregrade 6 - internal partitions
C – glavne tunelske cijevi za promet vozila C – main tunnel pipes for vehicle traffic
7 - cesta – prometne trake 7 - road - traffic lanes
8 - protupožarna instalacija 8 - fire protection installation
D – tankovi balasta D – ballast tanks
9 - balast 9 - ballast
10 - gornja spojna cijev tankova balasta 10 - upper connecting pipe of ballast tanks
11- donja spojna cijev tankova balasta 11- lower connecting pipe of ballast tanks
E – bočne tunelske cijevi za zrak i evakuaciju E – side tunnel tubes for air and evacuation
12 - otvori između glavne tunelske cijevi i bočnih tunelskih cijevi za zrak i evakuaciju 12 - openings between the main tunnel tube and the side tunnel tubes for air and evacuation
13 - prolaz do kućice za upravljanje sidrima 13 - passage to the house for managing anchors
F – bočne tunelske cijevi za vodu i energetiku F – side tunnel pipes for water and energy
14 – cijev za vodu 14 – water pipe
15 - cijev za plin 15 - gas pipe
16 - cijev za naftu 16 - oil pipe
17 - cijev za svjetlovod 17 - fiber optic tube
18 - cijev za električne kabele 18 - pipe for electrical cables
19 - cijev za komprimirani zrak 19 - pipe for compressed air
G – kućice s opremom za upravljanje sidrima G – cabins with anchor management equipment
20 - sidro 20 - anchor
21 - lanac za sidro 21 - anchor chain
H – okomita cijev za odvod zraka i evakuaciju od kućice za upravljanje sidrom do plutače H – vertical pipe for air drainage and evacuation from the anchor control house to the buoy
22 – plutače 22 – buoys
Primjena izuma Application of the invention
Opisani podvodni plutajući tunel je namijenjen za promet vozila, željeznice i pješaka od jedne na drugu stranu vodene zapreke koja može biti rijeka, jezero, more ili bilo koja akumulacija vode. Kroz tunel su postavljene instalacije za transport pitke vode i raznih energenata: plin, nafta, struja, telefon, komprimirani zrak i drugi. The described underwater floating tunnel is intended for vehicle, railway and pedestrian traffic from one side to the other of a water obstacle, which can be a river, lake, sea or any water accumulation. Installations for the transport of drinking water and various energy sources have been installed through the tunnel: gas, oil, electricity, telephone, compressed air and others.
Ovaj podvodni plutajući tunel je također primjenjiv za povezivanje većih otoka sa velikom frekvencijom prometa i potreba za dovod pitke vode, te najnužnijih energenata potrebnih za normalni život na otocima. This underwater floating tunnel is also applicable for connecting larger islands with a high frequency of traffic and the need to supply drinking water, and the most necessary energy sources needed for normal life on the islands.
Claims (7)
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114166470A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-03-11 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Suspension tunnel complete hydro-elastic response model test device and method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114166470A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-03-11 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Suspension tunnel complete hydro-elastic response model test device and method |
| CN114166470B (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-03 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Suspension tunnel complete hydro-elastic response model test device and method |
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