HK1137046A1 - Device and method for building up a three-dimensional object layer by layer - Google Patents
Device and method for building up a three-dimensional object layer by layerInfo
- Publication number
- HK1137046A1 HK1137046A1 HK10100633.1A HK10100633A HK1137046A1 HK 1137046 A1 HK1137046 A1 HK 1137046A1 HK 10100633 A HK10100633 A HK 10100633A HK 1137046 A1 HK1137046 A1 HK 1137046A1
- Authority
- HK
- Hong Kong
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- building
- dimensional object
- object layer
- dimensional
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/20—Cooling means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/67—Blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
- Y10S425/812—Venting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006055073A DE102006055073A1 (de) | 2006-11-22 | 2006-11-22 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum schichtweisen Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts |
PCT/EP2007/010085 WO2008061732A1 (de) | 2006-11-22 | 2007-11-21 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum schichtweisen herstellen eines dreidimensionalen objekts |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
HK1137046A1 true HK1137046A1 (en) | 2010-07-16 |
Family
ID=39217969
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
HK10100633.1A HK1137046A1 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2010-01-21 | Device and method for building up a three-dimensional object layer by layer |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7946840B2 (xx) |
EP (1) | EP1963078B1 (xx) |
JP (1) | JP4908593B2 (xx) |
CN (1) | CN101600560B (xx) |
BR (1) | BRPI0718992A2 (xx) |
DE (2) | DE102006055073A1 (xx) |
HK (1) | HK1137046A1 (xx) |
RU (1) | RU2422277C2 (xx) |
WO (1) | WO2008061732A1 (xx) |
Families Citing this family (49)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1992709B1 (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2021-09-15 | EOS GmbH Electro Optical Systems | Metal powder for use in additive manufacturing method for the production of three-dimensional objects and method using such metal powder |
DE102008031587A1 (de) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-07 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Vorrichtung zum schichtweisen Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts |
DE102009015130A1 (de) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-07 | Sintermask Gmbh | Transportcontainer |
DE202010005162U1 (de) * | 2010-04-17 | 2010-11-04 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Verkleinerung des unteren Bauraums einer Lasersinteranlage |
DE102012010272A1 (de) | 2012-05-25 | 2013-11-28 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen dreidimensionaler Modelle mit speziellen Bauplattformen und Antriebssystemen |
DE102012012412A1 (de) | 2012-06-25 | 2014-03-20 | Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung dreidimensionaler Objekte durch sukzessives Verfestigen von Schichten eines insbesondere pulverförmigen, mittels elektromagnetischer Strahlung oder Teilchenstrahlung verfestigbaren Aufbaumaterials |
US9636868B2 (en) | 2012-08-16 | 2017-05-02 | Stratasys, Inc. | Additive manufacturing system with extended printing volume, and methods of use thereof |
US9168697B2 (en) | 2012-08-16 | 2015-10-27 | Stratasys, Inc. | Additive manufacturing system with extended printing volume, and methods of use thereof |
US11020899B2 (en) | 2012-08-16 | 2021-06-01 | Stratasys, Inc. | Additive manufacturing system with extended printing volume, and methods of use thereof |
US20140191439A1 (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2014-07-10 | New York University | Continuous Feed 3D Manufacturing |
US9931785B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-04-03 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Chute for laser sintering systems |
DE102013223411A1 (de) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-21 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Vorrichtung zum schichtweisen Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts |
CN103639411B (zh) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-05-27 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | 一种用于逐层制造三维物体的扫描方法 |
KR101795994B1 (ko) | 2014-06-20 | 2017-12-01 | 벨로3디, 인크. | 3차원 프린팅 장치, 시스템 및 방법 |
US9999924B2 (en) | 2014-08-22 | 2018-06-19 | Sigma Labs, Inc. | Method and system for monitoring additive manufacturing processes |
TWI529055B (zh) | 2014-10-27 | 2016-04-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 積層製造系統以及積層製造方法 |
US10786948B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2020-09-29 | Sigma Labs, Inc. | Multi-sensor quality inference and control for additive manufacturing processes |
WO2016115284A1 (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2016-07-21 | Sigma Labs, Inc. | Material qualification system and methodology |
US10226817B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2019-03-12 | Sigma Labs, Inc. | Material qualification system and methodology |
US10569467B2 (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2020-02-25 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Supplying build material |
US10207489B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2019-02-19 | Sigma Labs, Inc. | Systems and methods for additive manufacturing operations |
US9676145B2 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2017-06-13 | Velo3D, Inc. | Adept three-dimensional printing |
WO2017100695A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-15 | Velo3D, Inc. | Skillful three-dimensional printing |
US20170239719A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2017-08-24 | Velo3D, Inc. | Accurate three-dimensional printing |
CN105817626B (zh) * | 2016-05-19 | 2018-10-30 | 西安交通大学 | 一种金属材料梯度构件熔融涂覆成形装置及方法 |
US10286452B2 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2019-05-14 | Velo3D, Inc. | Three-dimensional printing and three-dimensional printers |
US11691343B2 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2023-07-04 | Velo3D, Inc. | Three-dimensional printing and three-dimensional printers |
ES2906330T3 (es) * | 2016-09-12 | 2022-04-18 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Procedimiento de fabricación aditiva a base de polvo a baja temperatura |
CN109661306A (zh) * | 2016-09-12 | 2019-04-19 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | 基于熔融沉积模型的低温增材制造方法 |
BE1024613B1 (fr) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-05-02 | Aerosint Sa | Dispositif et méthode pour créer une structure de particules |
US20180095450A1 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | Velo3D, Inc. | Three-dimensional objects and their formation |
US20180126460A1 (en) | 2016-11-07 | 2018-05-10 | Velo3D, Inc. | Gas flow in three-dimensional printing |
EP3321005B1 (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2021-09-01 | SLM Solutions Group AG | Apparatus for producing a three-dimensional work piece with process temperature control |
US10611092B2 (en) | 2017-01-05 | 2020-04-07 | Velo3D, Inc. | Optics in three-dimensional printing |
US20180250745A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 | 2018-09-06 | Velo3D, Inc. | Three-dimensional printing of three-dimensional objects |
US20180281282A1 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | Velo3D, Inc. | Material manipulation in three-dimensional printing |
CN107900334B (zh) * | 2017-11-17 | 2020-02-21 | 北京科技大学 | 一种基于阵列式布粉的激光高通量制备方法 |
EP3486071A1 (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2019-05-22 | CL Schutzrechtsverwaltungs GmbH | Apparatus for additively manufacturing of three-dimensional objects |
US10272525B1 (en) | 2017-12-27 | 2019-04-30 | Velo3D, Inc. | Three-dimensional printing systems and methods of their use |
US10144176B1 (en) | 2018-01-15 | 2018-12-04 | Velo3D, Inc. | Three-dimensional printing systems and methods of their use |
US10821668B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2020-11-03 | General Electric Company | Method for producing a component layer-by- layer |
US10821669B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2020-11-03 | General Electric Company | Method for producing a component layer-by-layer |
US11338520B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2022-05-24 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Layering of a three-dimensional object |
US11247387B2 (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2022-02-15 | Stratasys, Inc. | Additive manufacturing system with platen having vacuum and air bearing |
GB2580040B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2022-01-19 | Stratasys Powder Production Ltd | Heater arrangements and apparatus for layer-by-layer formation of three-dimensional objects |
EP3718746A1 (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-10-07 | Concept Laser GmbH | Apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects |
WO2021015726A1 (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-28 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Adjustments to forming data for forming a build layer |
CA3148849A1 (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2021-02-04 | Velo3D, Inc. | Quality assurance in formation of three-dimensional objects |
CN113939392B (zh) * | 2019-09-18 | 2023-09-08 | 惠普发展公司,有限责任合伙企业 | 构建材料供应单元 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0289116A1 (en) | 1987-03-04 | 1988-11-02 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Method and device for casting powdered materials |
DE19813742C1 (de) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-07-15 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objektes sowie Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen einer Schicht eines pulverförmigen Materials auf eine Oberfläche |
DE19821810C1 (de) | 1998-05-15 | 2000-03-09 | Atz Evus | Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischer und nichtmetallischer Funktionsmuster mit Hilfe von Rapid Prototyping/Tooling-Verfahren oder anderer Verfahren und alternativer Prozeßgaszuführung |
DE19846478C5 (de) * | 1998-10-09 | 2004-10-14 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Laser-Sintermaschine |
US6401002B1 (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2002-06-04 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Layer manufacturing apparatus and process |
DE19952998B4 (de) | 1999-11-04 | 2004-04-15 | Exner, Horst, Prof. Dr.-Ing. | Vorrichtung zur direkten Herstellung von Körpern im Schichtaufbau aus pulverförmigen Stoffen |
RU2217265C2 (ru) | 2000-01-28 | 2003-11-27 | Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН | Способ изготовления объёмных изделий из порошковых композиций |
DE10108612C1 (de) * | 2001-02-22 | 2002-06-27 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum selektiven Lasersintern |
US20040084814A1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-06 | Boyd Melissa D. | Powder removal system for three-dimensional object fabricator |
US7357629B2 (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2008-04-15 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for aligning a removable build chamber within a process chamber |
DE102005016940B4 (de) * | 2005-04-12 | 2007-03-15 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Auftragen von Schichten eines pulverförmigen Materials auf eine Oberfläche |
-
2006
- 2006-11-22 DE DE102006055073A patent/DE102006055073A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2007
- 2007-11-19 US US11/985,918 patent/US7946840B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-11-21 DE DE502007006362T patent/DE502007006362D1/de active Active
- 2007-11-21 WO PCT/EP2007/010085 patent/WO2008061732A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-11-21 CN CN200780033498XA patent/CN101600560B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-11-21 RU RU2009119250/05A patent/RU2422277C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-11-21 BR BRPI0718992-3A patent/BRPI0718992A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-11-21 JP JP2009537536A patent/JP4908593B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-11-21 EP EP07819885A patent/EP1963078B1/de not_active Not-in-force
-
2010
- 2010-01-21 HK HK10100633.1A patent/HK1137046A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008061732A1 (de) | 2008-05-29 |
EP1963078B1 (de) | 2011-01-26 |
EP1963078A1 (de) | 2008-09-03 |
US20080138513A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
RU2422277C2 (ru) | 2011-06-27 |
BRPI0718992A2 (pt) | 2014-02-11 |
CN101600560B (zh) | 2012-09-26 |
RU2009119250A (ru) | 2010-11-27 |
JP4908593B2 (ja) | 2012-04-04 |
DE102006055073A1 (de) | 2008-05-29 |
DE502007006362D1 (de) | 2011-03-10 |
CN101600560A (zh) | 2009-12-09 |
JP2010510100A (ja) | 2010-04-02 |
US7946840B2 (en) | 2011-05-24 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PC | Patent ceased (i.e. patent has lapsed due to the failure to pay the renewal fee) |
Effective date: 20161121 |