HK1002784A1 - Method and apparatus for dynamically generating and maintaining frame based polling schedules for polling isochronous and asynchronous functions that guarantee latencies and bandwidths to the isochronous functions - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for dynamically generating and maintaining frame based polling schedules for polling isochronous and asynchronous functions that guarantee latencies and bandwidths to the isochronous functions

Info

Publication number
HK1002784A1
HK1002784A1 HK98101350A HK98101350A HK1002784A1 HK 1002784 A1 HK1002784 A1 HK 1002784A1 HK 98101350 A HK98101350 A HK 98101350A HK 98101350 A HK98101350 A HK 98101350A HK 1002784 A1 HK1002784 A1 HK 1002784A1
Authority
HK
Hong Kong
Prior art keywords
isochronous
functions
polling
bandwidths
frame based
Prior art date
Application number
HK98101350A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Shaun Knoll
Jeff Charles Morriss
Ajay V Bhatt
Puthiya Kottal Nizar
Richard M Haslam
Sudarshan Bala Cadambi
Original Assignee
Intel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intel Corp filed Critical Intel Corp
Publication of HK1002784A1 publication Critical patent/HK1002784A1/xx

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/40052—High-speed IEEE 1394 serial bus
    • H04L12/40058—Isochronous transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/10—Program control for peripheral devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/14—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer
    • G06F13/20—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to input/output bus
    • G06F13/22—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to input/output bus using successive scanning, e.g. polling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
    • G06F13/40—Bus structure
    • G06F13/4004—Coupling between buses
    • G06F13/4022—Coupling between buses using switching circuits, e.g. switching matrix, connection or expansion network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/40052—High-speed IEEE 1394 serial bus
    • H04L12/40065—Bandwidth and channel allocation
HK98101350A 1994-10-31 1998-02-20 Method and apparatus for dynamically generating and maintaining frame based polling schedules for polling isochronous and asynchronous functions that guarantee latencies and bandwidths to the isochronous functions HK1002784A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/331,727 US5742847A (en) 1994-10-31 1994-10-31 M&A for dynamically generating and maintaining frame based polling schedules for polling isochronous and asynchronous functions that guaranty latencies and bandwidths to the isochronous functions
PCT/US1995/014209 WO1996013777A1 (en) 1994-10-31 1995-10-30 Method and apparatus for dynamically generating and maintaining frame based polling schedules for polling isochronous and asynchronous functions that guarantee latencies and bandwidths to the isochronous functions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
HK1002784A1 true HK1002784A1 (en) 1998-09-18

Family

ID=23295126

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
HK98101350A HK1002784A1 (en) 1994-10-31 1998-02-20 Method and apparatus for dynamically generating and maintaining frame based polling schedules for polling isochronous and asynchronous functions that guarantee latencies and bandwidths to the isochronous functions

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5742847A (de)
EP (1) EP0789879B1 (de)
AU (1) AU4019995A (de)
DE (1) DE69532383T2 (de)
HK (1) HK1002784A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1996013777A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (72)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5623610A (en) 1994-10-31 1997-04-22 Intel Corporation System for assigning geographical addresses in a hierarchical serial bus by enabling upstream port and selectively enabling disabled ports at power on/reset
US7690043B2 (en) * 1994-12-19 2010-03-30 Legal Igaming, Inc. System and method for connecting gaming devices to a network for remote play
US5832492A (en) * 1995-09-05 1998-11-03 Compaq Computer Corporation Method of scheduling interrupts to the linked lists of transfer descriptors scheduled at intervals on a serial bus
US6101550A (en) * 1997-03-10 2000-08-08 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and structure for interrupt polling signal bandwidth allocation in universal serial bus (USB) system
US6131119A (en) * 1997-04-01 2000-10-10 Sony Corporation Automatic configuration system for mapping node addresses within a bus structure to their physical location
US6272546B1 (en) 1998-03-12 2001-08-07 Sony Corporation Method of and apparatus for managing resource allocation and bandwidth overflow in a cooperative, distributed computing environment
US20030133448A1 (en) * 1998-04-03 2003-07-17 Craig R. Frink Packet protocol for encoding and decoding video data and data flow signals and devices for implementing the packet protocol
US6009533A (en) * 1998-06-02 1999-12-28 Via-Cyrix, Inc. Speculative bus cycle acknowledge for 1/2X core/bus clocking
US6151651A (en) * 1998-06-17 2000-11-21 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Communication link with isochronous and asynchronous priority modes coupling bridge circuits in a computer system
US6202116B1 (en) 1998-06-17 2001-03-13 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Write only bus with whole and half bus mode operation
US6532019B1 (en) 1998-06-17 2003-03-11 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Input/output integrated circuit hub incorporating a RAMDAC
US6032211A (en) * 1998-06-17 2000-02-29 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Method of mode control in a bus optimized for personal computer data traffic
US6148357A (en) * 1998-06-17 2000-11-14 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Integrated CPU and memory controller utilizing a communication link having isochronous and asynchronous priority modes
US6199132B1 (en) 1998-06-17 2001-03-06 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Communication link with isochronous and asynchronous priority modes
US6590885B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2003-07-08 Malibu Networks, Inc. IP-flow characterization in a wireless point to multi-point (PTMP) transmission system
US6628629B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2003-09-30 Malibu Networks Reservation based prioritization method for wireless transmission of latency and jitter sensitive IP-flows in a wireless point to multi-point transmission system
US6680922B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2004-01-20 Malibu Networks, Inc. Method for the recognition and operation of virtual private networks (VPNs) over a wireless point to multi-point (PtMP) transmission system
US6640248B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2003-10-28 Malibu Networks, Inc. Application-aware, quality of service (QoS) sensitive, media access control (MAC) layer
US6452915B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2002-09-17 Malibu Networks, Inc. IP-flow classification in a wireless point to multi-point (PTMP) transmission system
US6862622B2 (en) * 1998-07-10 2005-03-01 Van Drebbel Mariner Llc Transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) packet-centric wireless point to multi-point (PTMP) transmission system architecture
US6594246B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2003-07-15 Malibu Networks, Inc. IP-flow identification in a wireless point to multi-point transmission system
US6336179B1 (en) 1998-08-21 2002-01-01 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Dynamic scheduling mechanism for an asynchronous/isochronous integrated circuit interconnect bus
US6381647B1 (en) * 1998-09-28 2002-04-30 Raytheon Company Method and system for scheduling network communication
US20030110317A1 (en) * 1998-11-03 2003-06-12 Jasmin Ajanovic Method and apparatus for an improved interface between a memory control hub and an input/output control hub
US6175884B1 (en) 1998-11-03 2001-01-16 Intel Corporation Efficient communication of transaction types using separate and orthogonal attribute fields in packet headers transferred between hubs in a computer system
US6690676B1 (en) 1998-11-23 2004-02-10 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Non-addressed packet structure connecting dedicated end points on a multi-pipe computer interconnect bus
US6611891B1 (en) 1998-11-23 2003-08-26 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Computer resource configuration mechanism across a multi-pipe communication link
US6470410B1 (en) 1998-11-23 2002-10-22 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Target side concentrator mechanism for connecting multiple logical pipes to a single function utilizing a computer interconnection bus
US6457084B1 (en) 1998-11-23 2002-09-24 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Target side distributor mechanism for connecting multiple functions to a single logical pipe of a computer interconnection bus
US6618782B1 (en) 1998-11-23 2003-09-09 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Computer interconnection bus link layer
US6457081B1 (en) 1998-11-23 2002-09-24 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Packet protocol for reading an indeterminate number of data bytes across a computer interconnection bus
US6421751B1 (en) 1998-11-23 2002-07-16 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Detecting a no-tags-free condition in a computer system having multiple outstanding transactions
US6499079B1 (en) 1998-11-23 2002-12-24 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Subordinate bridge structure for a point-to-point computer interconnection bus
US6389501B1 (en) 1999-05-10 2002-05-14 Intel Corporation I/O peripheral device for use in a store-and-forward segment of a peripheral bus
US6546018B1 (en) 1999-05-10 2003-04-08 Intel Corporation Digital system having a peripheral bus structure with at least one store-and-forward segment
US6629186B1 (en) 1999-05-10 2003-09-30 Intel Corporation Bus controller and associated device drivers for use to control a peripheral bus having at least one store-and-forward segment
US6351783B1 (en) * 1999-05-20 2002-02-26 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for isochronous data transport over an asynchronous bus
JP3784994B2 (ja) * 1999-05-27 2006-06-14 株式会社東芝 データ処理装置
US6600756B1 (en) * 1999-06-14 2003-07-29 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, Lp. Method of improving the performance of a bus which is asynchronous-traffic intensive
US7165252B1 (en) 1999-06-21 2007-01-16 Jia Xu Method of scheduling executions of processes with various types of timing properties and constraints
US6526464B1 (en) * 1999-07-07 2003-02-25 Micron Technology, Inc. Mechanism to expand address space of a serial bus
US6792495B1 (en) 1999-07-27 2004-09-14 Intel Corporation Transaction scheduling for a bus system
US6629220B1 (en) * 1999-08-20 2003-09-30 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for dynamic arbitration between a first queue and a second queue based on a high priority transaction type
US7039047B1 (en) 1999-11-03 2006-05-02 Intel Corporation Virtual wire signaling
US6363461B1 (en) 1999-12-16 2002-03-26 Intel Corportion Apparatus for memory resource arbitration based on dedicated time slot allocation
US6412049B1 (en) 1999-12-16 2002-06-25 Intel Corporation Method for minimizing CPU memory latency while transferring streaming data
US6415367B1 (en) 1999-12-16 2002-07-02 Intel Corporation Apparatus for reducing asynchronous service latency in a time slot-based memory arbitration scheme
US6708239B1 (en) * 2000-12-08 2004-03-16 The Boeing Company Network device interface for digitally interfacing data channels to a controller via a network
US20020112070A1 (en) * 2000-12-08 2002-08-15 The Boeing Company Network controller for digitally controlling remote devices via a common bus
US8009667B1 (en) 2001-01-16 2011-08-30 Wi—LAN, Inc. Packing source data packets into transporting packets with fragmentation
US6754747B2 (en) 2001-01-25 2004-06-22 Dell Products L.P. System and method for configuring an I/O bus
KR100615548B1 (ko) * 2001-04-26 2006-08-25 더 보잉 캄파니 네트워크 버스에서 적합한 종결 및 에러-프리 통신을유지하는 시스템 및 방법과 버스 보호 소자
US7111100B2 (en) * 2002-04-26 2006-09-19 The Boeing Company Systems and methods for assigning an address to a network device added to an existing network
WO2002088966A1 (en) * 2001-04-26 2002-11-07 The Boeing Company Systems, methods, and bus controllers for creating an event trigger on a network bus
DE60220669T3 (de) * 2001-04-26 2020-11-19 The Boeing Co. System und verfahren zum vorladen einer bussteuerung mit einem befehlsplan
US7028124B2 (en) * 2001-09-26 2006-04-11 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for dual queue head processing of interrupt endpoints
US6889265B2 (en) 2001-11-05 2005-05-03 Intel Corporation Apparatus and method to allow and synchronize schedule changes in a USB enhanced host controller
US7639693B1 (en) 2002-01-30 2009-12-29 Pmc - Sierra Ltd. Method and/or apparatus distributing variable-sized data units to variable destinations
US7065583B2 (en) * 2002-02-14 2006-06-20 The Boeing Company System and associated suppression assembly for limiting electromagnetic emissions in network devices communicating via a network bus
US7010621B2 (en) * 2002-02-14 2006-03-07 The Boeing Company System having a spread-spectrum clock for further suppression of electromagnetic emissions in network devices communicating via a network bus
US7478174B2 (en) * 2002-04-26 2009-01-13 The Boeing Company Systems and methods for maintaining network stability
US7082485B2 (en) * 2002-07-24 2006-07-25 The Boeing Company Systems and methods for establishing peer-to-peer communications between network devices communicating via a common bus
US9865126B2 (en) 2002-10-09 2018-01-09 Zynga Inc. System and method for connecting gaming devices to a network for remote play
US7174402B2 (en) * 2003-04-07 2007-02-06 The Boeing Company Systems, network devices and methods for highly configurable peer-to-peer communications between network devices communicating via a common bus
US7590063B2 (en) * 2003-11-10 2009-09-15 Honeywell International Inc. Real-time estimation of event-driven traffic latency distributions when layered on static schedules
US20050138251A1 (en) * 2003-12-18 2005-06-23 Fanning Blaise B. Arbitration of asynchronous and isochronous requests
US7460509B2 (en) * 2004-03-05 2008-12-02 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for isochronous datagram delivery over contention-based data link
US7386640B2 (en) * 2004-12-28 2008-06-10 Intel Corporation Method, apparatus and system to generate an interrupt by monitoring an external interface
TWI444021B (zh) * 2007-09-17 2014-07-01 Htc Corp 解譯串列傳輸訊號之方法
US20090171163A1 (en) * 2007-12-31 2009-07-02 Mates John W Modular medical devices
US9516116B2 (en) * 2008-06-06 2016-12-06 Apple Inc. Managing notification service connections
US8995333B2 (en) * 2009-07-29 2015-03-31 Qualcomm Incorporated Synchronous interface for multi-radio coexistence manager

Family Cites Families (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3245045A (en) * 1961-11-21 1966-04-05 Ibm Integrated data processing system
US3916387A (en) * 1971-04-23 1975-10-28 Ibm Directory searching method and means
US3932841A (en) * 1973-10-26 1976-01-13 Raytheon Company Bus controller for digital computer system
US4070704A (en) * 1976-05-17 1978-01-24 Honeywell Information Systems Inc. Automatic reconfiguration apparatus for input/output processor
US4092491A (en) * 1977-04-04 1978-05-30 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Differential encoding and decoding scheme for digital transmission systems
US4409656A (en) * 1980-03-13 1983-10-11 Her Majesty The Queen, In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defense Serial data bus communication system
US4689740A (en) * 1980-10-31 1987-08-25 U.S. Philips Corporation Two-wire bus-system comprising a clock wire and a data wire for interconnecting a number of stations
US4713834A (en) * 1982-09-30 1987-12-15 American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories Multiprocessor computing system featuring shared global control
US4660141A (en) * 1983-12-06 1987-04-21 Tri Sigma Corporation Self configuring computer network with automatic bus exchange of module identification numbers and processor assigned module numbers
JPS60134651A (ja) * 1983-12-23 1985-07-17 Fujitsu Ltd 差動信号ドライバ
US4870704A (en) * 1984-10-31 1989-09-26 Flexible Computer Corporation Multicomputer digital processing system
US4606052A (en) * 1984-12-21 1986-08-12 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Method for detection of line activity for Manchester-encoded signals
EP0258872B1 (de) * 1986-09-01 1994-05-04 Nec Corporation Serielles Datenübertragungssystem
JP2584647B2 (ja) * 1988-01-28 1997-02-26 株式会社リコー 通信網のノード装置
US4912633A (en) * 1988-10-24 1990-03-27 Ncr Corporation Hierarchical multiple bus computer architecture
US4914650A (en) * 1988-12-06 1990-04-03 American Telephone And Telegraph Company Bandwidth allocation and congestion control scheme for an integrated voice and data network
US5483518A (en) * 1992-06-17 1996-01-09 Texas Instruments Incorporated Addressable shadow port and protocol for serial bus networks
US5317597A (en) * 1989-08-16 1994-05-31 U.S. Philips Corporation Resistance coupled data transmission arrangement
WO1991007034A1 (en) * 1989-10-25 1991-05-16 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Serial signal transmission apparatus and method of controlling determination of polarity thereof
US5001707A (en) * 1989-11-02 1991-03-19 Northern Telecom Limited Method of providing reserved bandwidth in a dual bus system
US5179670A (en) * 1989-12-01 1993-01-12 Mips Computer Systems, Inc. Slot determination mechanism using pulse counting
FR2657480B1 (fr) * 1990-01-22 1992-04-10 Alcatel Business Systems Procede de transmission d'octets mettant en óoeuvre une trame synchrone associant des cellules asynchrones a des canaux isochrones.
US5063574A (en) * 1990-03-06 1991-11-05 Moose Paul H Multi-frequency differentially encoded digital communication for high data rate transmission through unequalized channels
US5130983A (en) * 1990-03-27 1992-07-14 Heffner Iii Horace W Method of polling to determine service needs and the like
US5237690A (en) * 1990-07-06 1993-08-17 International Business Machines Corporation System for testing adaptor card upon power up and having disablement, enablement, and reconfiguration options
US5269011A (en) * 1990-09-24 1993-12-07 Emc Corporation Dynamically reconfigurable data storage system with storage system controllers selectively operable as channel adapters on storage device adapters
US5173939A (en) * 1990-09-28 1992-12-22 Digital Equipment Corporation Access control subsystem and method for distributed computer system using compound principals
US5282202A (en) * 1991-03-28 1994-01-25 Sprint International Communications Corp. Composite frame reconfiguration in integrated services networks
US5341131A (en) * 1991-03-29 1994-08-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Communications system and a system control method
JPH0821015B2 (ja) * 1992-01-20 1996-03-04 インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレイション コンピュータならびにそのシステム再構成化装置および方法
US5341480A (en) * 1992-04-09 1994-08-23 Apple Computer, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing a two conductor serial bus
US5379384A (en) * 1992-06-05 1995-01-03 Intel Corporation Configuration data loopback in a bus bridge circuit
CA2104753C (en) * 1992-10-29 1999-02-16 Kotikalapudi Sriram Bandwidth allocation, transmission scheduling, and congestion avoidance in broadband atm networks
US5361261A (en) * 1992-11-02 1994-11-01 National Semiconductor Corporation Frame-based transmission of data
US5544324A (en) * 1992-11-02 1996-08-06 National Semiconductor Corporation Network for transmitting isochronous-source data using a frame structure with variable number of time slots to compensate for timing variance between reference clock and data rate
US5406559A (en) * 1992-11-02 1995-04-11 National Semiconductor Corporation Isochronous link protocol
US5805632A (en) * 1992-11-19 1998-09-08 Cirrus Logic, Inc. Bit rate doubler for serial data transmission or storage
US5394556A (en) * 1992-12-21 1995-02-28 Apple Computer, Inc. Method and apparatus for unique address assignment, node self-identification and topology mapping for a directed acyclic graph
US5418478A (en) * 1993-07-30 1995-05-23 Apple Computer, Inc. CMOS differential twisted-pair driver
US5528513A (en) * 1993-11-04 1996-06-18 Digital Equipment Corp. Scheduling and admission control policy for a continuous media server
US5440181A (en) * 1994-01-31 1995-08-08 Motorola, Inc. Configuration circuit for configuring a multi-board system automatically
US5463624A (en) * 1994-04-15 1995-10-31 Dsc Communications Corporation Bus arbitration method for telecommunications switching

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0789879A1 (de) 1997-08-20
US5742847A (en) 1998-04-21
AU4019995A (en) 1996-05-23
EP0789879B1 (de) 2004-01-02
DE69532383D1 (de) 2004-02-05
DE69532383T2 (de) 2004-12-23
WO1996013777A1 (en) 1996-05-09
EP0789879A4 (de) 2002-05-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
HK1002784A1 (en) Method and apparatus for dynamically generating and maintaining frame based polling schedules for polling isochronous and asynchronous functions that guarantee latencies and bandwidths to the isochronous functions
HK1002781A1 (en) Method and apparatus for serially interfacing isochronous and asynchronous peripherals
IL126507A0 (en) Method and apparatus for scheduling the presentation of messages to computer users
GB2294399B (en) Bone Screw Devices
HK1077769A1 (en) Image generating device and method
HK1017455A1 (en) Method and device for generating application data
EP0711096A4 (de) Tonerzeugungsvorrichtung
AU1944397A (en) Vibration generating device and oral hygiene device using same
GB9502075D0 (en) Message storing/outputting apparatus and method
EP0748242A4 (de) Verfahren und system zum säubern der haut
IL121376A0 (en) Unique time generating device and authenticating device using the same
GB2295046B (en) Sound generating apparatus
SG79927A1 (en) Vibration generating apparatus
IL113236A0 (en) Simultaneous voice and data modem apparatus
SG65035A1 (en) Internet accessing apparatus and system thereof
EG21428A (en) Oval frame razor
EP0732015A4 (de) Vorrichtung und verfahren zur eliminierung von abbildungszittern
EP0743631A3 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tonerzeugung
EP0758178A4 (de) Vorrichtung zum drucken von bilddaten und vorrichtung zum erzeugen von bilddaten
EP0705007A3 (de) ATM-Warteschlange- und -Zuweisungsvorrichtung
EP0839613A4 (de) Vorrichtung zur erzeugung von schwingungen
PL312492A1 (en) Cosmetic composition based on guar rubber and silicones
ZA964662B (en) Flossing apparatus
IL128184A (en) Image generating device and image generating method
HU9503966D0 (en) Helmet removal device and method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PF Patent in force
PC Patent ceased (i.e. patent has lapsed due to the failure to pay the renewal fee)

Effective date: 20101030