GB852070A - Glow discharge process and apparatus therefor - Google Patents
Glow discharge process and apparatus thereforInfo
- Publication number
- GB852070A GB852070A GB35776/56A GB3577656A GB852070A GB 852070 A GB852070 A GB 852070A GB 35776/56 A GB35776/56 A GB 35776/56A GB 3577656 A GB3577656 A GB 3577656A GB 852070 A GB852070 A GB 852070A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- electrode
- gas
- cooling
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32018—Glow discharge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G5/00—Compounds of silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/38—Heating by cathodic discharges
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Discharge Heating (AREA)
Abstract
852,070. Nitriding. ELEKTROPHYSIKALISCHE ANSTALT B. BERGHAUS. Nov. 22, 1956 [Nov. 22, 1955], No. 35776/56. Class 72 [Also in Groups XI and XL(b)] In heating the surfaces of solid or liquid bodies by glow discharge in a vessel under partial gas pressure especially in the nitriding or carburization of metal bodies, the surfaces are maintained at a predetermined temperature, e.g. 500‹-550 ‹C. by the gas discharge and heat is led away from the surfaces under treatment by cooling other surfaces of the bodies, whereby the treated surfaces may be subjected to a more intense heating action without increase in the surface temperature. Thus in Fig. 1 a steel tube 1 to be treated is supported in a cooled doublewalled vacuum vessel 2 by pipes 6, 7 through which cooling oil is passed under control of a valve 8 to cool the inside of the tube 1. The current supply 5, e.g. at 500 volts is connected to the tube 1 forming the cathode and to a cylindrical counter electrode 3 surrounding the tube. D.C. or A.C. at 50 cycles may be used. Gas is supplied through a pipe 14 to the vessel in which a partial vacuum is maintained by a pump 11. After a starting operation as described in Specification 805,164, the oil valve 8 is opened. The surface temperature of the tube is monitored by a radiation pyrometer 17 through an aperture 15 in the electrode 3 and a window 16 in the vessel wall 2. The pyrometer may be used to maintain the temperature of the tube surface by increasing the gas pressure or the voltage when the coolant oil passes through the tube and the coolant flow may be increased to allow a greater rate of heating. This regulation and the opening of the oil valve may be controlled automatically by the pyrometer. In Fig. 3 the inner surface of a steel tube 20 is heated, the tube being supported by elastic washers 24 in a surrounding jacket 21 through which cooling oil is circulated. The tube 20 is connected electrically at 35 to the metal jacket 21, which is connected to a current supply 34. A tubular counterelectrode 32 is mounted concentrically within the tube 20 by domed end caps 29 carrying pipes 36 by which the partial vacuum within the tube 20 is adjusted. The hollow electrode 31 is also cooled by a cooling gas or liquid, especially if A.C. is used. For small objects, e.g. a metal tube 40 (Fig. 4) cooling is effected by placing the tube in an aperture in a massive metal block 41 of good heat conductivity, e.g. of copper. The discharge vessel is formed by a metal cowling 45 supported on the metal block 41 by an insulating gas tight ring 44. An electrode bar 47 passes through the cowling into the tube 40 and is connected electrically to the metal block 41, the cowling 45 forming the counter-electrode, and being also connected to the current supply 48, e.g. at 400- 1000 volts. The gas pressure may be regulated at a few m.m., and a glow edge appears on the inside surface of the tube 40 and on the outside of the electrode 47. These glow edges and the associated cathode drop spaces can be made to touch. The block 41 cools the tube 40 by conducting heat therefrom and may be cooled by air or an additional gas or liquid cooling system. It is stated that the degree of hardness or depth of treatment of a body may be increased owing to the increase of energy supply and that the time of the treatment may thus be decreased. Specification 805,163 also is referred to.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH852070X | 1955-11-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB852070A true GB852070A (en) | 1960-10-26 |
Family
ID=4542378
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB35776/56A Expired GB852070A (en) | 1955-11-22 | 1956-11-22 | Glow discharge process and apparatus therefor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2927231A (en) |
CH (1) | CH349284A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1060217B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1210232A (en) |
GB (1) | GB852070A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3389070A (en) * | 1962-11-06 | 1968-06-18 | Berghaus Bernhard | Method and means for treating articles on all sides |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3096221A (en) * | 1959-09-15 | 1963-07-02 | To A Kako Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of quick nitrification in which fluidized particles are employed |
US3099589A (en) * | 1959-09-15 | 1963-07-30 | To A Kako Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of cementation in which fluidized carbon powder particles are employed |
US3423562A (en) * | 1965-06-24 | 1969-01-21 | Gen Electric | Glow discharge apparatus |
FR2332336A1 (en) * | 1975-11-21 | 1977-06-17 | Vide & Traitement Sa | Furnace for ion implantation in metals - suitable for nitriding, carburizing and other treatments |
FR2446327A1 (en) * | 1979-01-09 | 1980-08-08 | Fours Indls Cie | Internal nitriding and/or carburising of gun or extruder barrels - by thermochemical ion bombardment after creating uniform electric field |
FR2525636A1 (en) * | 1982-04-23 | 1983-10-28 | Creusot Loire | Ionic nitriding of holes in steel - of length up to one metre and dia. below ten milli:metres |
CH659346A5 (en) * | 1983-05-10 | 1987-01-15 | Balzers Hochvakuum | DEVICE FOR TREATING THE INTERNAL WALL OF A TUBE. |
US4878570A (en) * | 1988-01-25 | 1989-11-07 | Dana Corporation | Surface hardened sprags and rollers |
US5766362A (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 1998-06-16 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Apparatus for depositing barrier film on three-dimensional articles |
DE102009000238B3 (en) | 2009-01-15 | 2010-08-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for heat treatment of components |
US20190256973A1 (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-08-22 | Southwest Research Institute | Method and Apparatus for Depositing Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB427623A (en) * | 1932-07-19 | 1935-04-23 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag | A method of treating metallic articles or the metallic surface layers or coatings of articles |
US2371278A (en) * | 1938-01-25 | 1945-03-13 | Electric reaction furnace | |
GB529544A (en) * | 1938-06-08 | 1940-11-22 | Bernhard Berghaus | Improvements in and relating to the thermal obtention of metals from metal compounds |
US2677071A (en) * | 1948-06-30 | 1954-04-27 | Rca Corp | Voltage reference tube |
US2755159A (en) * | 1953-05-19 | 1956-07-17 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Vapor filling process for discharge lamps |
-
1955
- 1955-11-22 CH CH349284D patent/CH349284A/en unknown
-
1956
- 1956-11-20 DE DEE13254A patent/DE1060217B/en active Pending
- 1956-11-22 GB GB35776/56A patent/GB852070A/en not_active Expired
- 1956-11-23 US US624122A patent/US2927231A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1958
- 1958-09-12 FR FR1210232D patent/FR1210232A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3389070A (en) * | 1962-11-06 | 1968-06-18 | Berghaus Bernhard | Method and means for treating articles on all sides |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1060217B (en) | 1959-06-25 |
US2927231A (en) | 1960-03-01 |
CH349284A (en) | 1960-10-15 |
FR1210232A (en) | 1960-03-07 |
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