GB845544A - Improvements in and relating to the concentration of solutions - Google Patents
Improvements in and relating to the concentration of solutionsInfo
- Publication number
- GB845544A GB845544A GB16748/56A GB1674856A GB845544A GB 845544 A GB845544 A GB 845544A GB 16748/56 A GB16748/56 A GB 16748/56A GB 1674856 A GB1674856 A GB 1674856A GB 845544 A GB845544 A GB 845544A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- membranes
- electrolyte
- ions
- concentration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/02—Fast fission reactors, i.e. reactors not using a moderator ; Metal cooled reactors; Fast breeders
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/04—Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
- G21C1/06—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
- G21C1/07—Pebble-bed reactors; Reactors with granular fuel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D5/00—Arrangements of reactor and engine in which reactor-produced heat is converted into mechanical energy
- G21D5/04—Reactor and engine not structurally combined
- G21D5/08—Reactor and engine not structurally combined with engine working medium heated in a heat exchanger by the reactor coolant
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
845,544. Electrodialysis. PERMUTIT CO. Ltd. May 23, 1957 [May 30, 1956], No. 16748/56. Drawings to Specification. Class 41. A process for concentrating an aqueous solution of a non-electrodialisable substance, i.e. a non-electrolyte or an electrolyte having ions too large to pass readily through membranes used in an electrodialytic process, e.g. diptheria antitoxin solutions or sugar solutions, comprises adding to the solution an electrolyte. e.g. sodium chloride, of which the ions at least of one sign are water-bearing, i.e. carry water molecules with them through the membranes during electrodialysis, and electrodialysing the solution to remove the water-bearing ions and some water. The electrodialysis may be carried out by placing the solution in, or passing it through, the centre compartment of a three compartment cell in which an anionic permselective membrane bounds the anode compartment and a cationic permselective membrane bounds the cathode compartment. If desired, one of the membranes may be replaced by a non-selective membrane, e.g. of regenerated cellulose. The added electrolyte should be one in which the cations and/or anions are hydrated in aqueous solution, and preferably are inorganic, univalent ions. The process is applicable to the concentration of aqueous solutions which contain a non-aqueous liquid, so long as the amount of liquid present is not such as to reduce the degree of hydration to a point where satisfactory concentration is unobtainable, e.g. a solution containing up to 50 % alcohol may be concentrated by the process. In a specific embodiment, 400 gms. sodium chloride where added to 4À5 litres of sugar solution which was circulated at 1 litre per minute through the alternate compartments of a multicompartment cell having alternate anionic and cationic permselective membranes, a 1 % sodium chloride solution being passed in counter-current through the remaining compartments. A current of 4 amps was passed for 4¢ hours to raise the concentration from 20 % w/w to 40 % w/w. Some or all of the anionic, or alternatively, of the cationic permselective membranes, may be replaced by non-selective membranes.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB16748/56A GB845544A (en) | 1956-05-30 | 1956-05-30 | Improvements in and relating to the concentration of solutions |
US246650A US3244597A (en) | 1956-05-30 | 1962-12-14 | Fast breeder neutronic reactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB16748/56A GB845544A (en) | 1956-05-30 | 1956-05-30 | Improvements in and relating to the concentration of solutions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB845544A true GB845544A (en) | 1960-08-24 |
Family
ID=10082947
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB16748/56A Expired GB845544A (en) | 1956-05-30 | 1956-05-30 | Improvements in and relating to the concentration of solutions |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB845544A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2644360A1 (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1990-09-21 | Morgane | Process for concentrating an aqueous dispersion or solution of biochemical compounds |
EP0659467A1 (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-06-28 | SOLVAY (Société Anonyme) | Process for the production of alkali metal hydroxules |
-
1956
- 1956-05-30 GB GB16748/56A patent/GB845544A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2644360A1 (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1990-09-21 | Morgane | Process for concentrating an aqueous dispersion or solution of biochemical compounds |
EP0659467A1 (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-06-28 | SOLVAY (Société Anonyme) | Process for the production of alkali metal hydroxules |
US6554990B1 (en) | 1993-12-24 | 2003-04-29 | Solvay (Societe Anonyme) | Process for the manufacture of alkali metal hydroxide |
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