GB728821A - Oxidation catalyst and its preparation - Google Patents

Oxidation catalyst and its preparation

Info

Publication number
GB728821A
GB728821A GB5235/52A GB523552A GB728821A GB 728821 A GB728821 A GB 728821A GB 5235/52 A GB5235/52 A GB 5235/52A GB 523552 A GB523552 A GB 523552A GB 728821 A GB728821 A GB 728821A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
alloy
silver
alkaline earth
earth metal
per cent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB5235/52A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
National Research Council of Canada
Original Assignee
National Research Council of Canada
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by National Research Council of Canada filed Critical National Research Council of Canada
Publication of GB728821A publication Critical patent/GB728821A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/66—Silver or gold
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0496—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
    • C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
    • C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
    • C07D301/04—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen
    • C07D301/08—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase
    • C07D301/10—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00115—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00132—Tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00076—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements inside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00081—Tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00094—Jackets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
    • B01J2219/00763—Baffles
    • B01J2219/00765—Baffles attached to the reactor wall
    • B01J2219/00777—Baffles attached to the reactor wall horizontal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

Ethylene oxide is prepared by oxidation of ethylene with oxygen or oxygen-containing gases or both in the presence of a silver alloy catalyst mounted on a highly heat conducting metal base, characterized in that the silver is originally present as an alloy of silver and an alkaline earth metal which, as described and claimed in Specification 663,257, [Group III], is activated by removal of a portion of the alkaline earth metal from the alloy (see Group III). The reaction is carried out in the range 240-320 DEG C., preferably 260-300 DEG C. Examples are given.ALSO:<PICT:0728821/III/1> <PICT:0728821/III/2> A catalyst for the production of ethylene oxide consists of a silver alloy mounted on a highly heat conducting metal base, characterized in that the silver is originally present as an alloy of silver and an alkaline earth metal which, as described and claimed in Specification 663,257, is activated by removal of a portion <PICT:0728821/III/3> of the alkaline earth metal present in the alloy. The proportion of alkaline earth metal originally present in the alloy may be from 1-75 per cent., preferably 5-15 or 5-10 per cent., best 8.5 per cent., and from about 5 per cent. to substantially all may be removed. Details of preferred thicknesses of metal base and quantity of alloy mounted thereon are given. The alloy may be ground, activated by solution of the alkaline earth metal, e.g. with acetic acid, washed, dried, mixed with glycol and painted on to the base, or mounting may be performed before a similar activation process, by means of a hydraulic press, rolling mills or impact machine or by dipping the metal base into molten alloy. The invention may be used in the reactor shown in Fig. 1. 2 is a reaction tube surrounded by a cooling jacket 1 and contains catalyst elements 6 alternately packed with spacers 8, as shown in perspective in Fig. 5. The spacers have a gap 9 and an expanded radius greater than that of the tube 2 so that a good thermal seal is effected. The reactants enter at 12 and 13, flow through the series of catalyst elements via the holes 7 and 10 over a thermostat 11, and the product is removed at 14. Catalyst elements may be constructed with a cross-section as shown in Fig. 7 in which 18 is a sheet of heat-conducting metal and 19 is a thin metal base supporting the catalyst 20. Other apparatus is shown in which the catalyst elements are in the form of fins in thermal contact with a cooling medium.ALSO:An alloy of silver and alkaline earth metal or metals (calcium, magnesium, barium and strontium being mentioned), catalytically activated by removal of a portion of the alkaline earth metal, is mounted on a highly heat-conducting metal base, e.g. of silver, silver-plated copper or aluminium. The original alloy may contain 1-75 per cent, preferably 1-15 per cent or 1-10 per cent, best 8.5 per cent of alkaline earth metal, and from about 5 per cent to substantially all may be removed. The original alloy may be produced in situ if desired, by dipping a silver base in molten alkaline earth metal. A metal base (which need not contain silver) may be dipped into a bath of the original alloy and if desired subsequently annealed, generally at 440-745 DEG C. The removal of the alkaline earth metal is performed as described and claimed in Specification 663,257, [Group III], the action of steam alone, water at an elevated temperature in an autoclave followed by steam, and water or steam followed by aqueous acetic acid being particularly described.
GB5235/52A 1951-03-14 1952-02-28 Oxidation catalyst and its preparation Expired GB728821A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US728821XA 1951-03-14 1951-03-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB728821A true GB728821A (en) 1955-04-27

Family

ID=22110309

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB5235/52A Expired GB728821A (en) 1951-03-14 1952-02-28 Oxidation catalyst and its preparation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB728821A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3172893A (en) * 1964-08-27 1965-03-09 Ethylene oxtoationximproved s silver catalyst
EP0938924A1 (en) * 1998-02-10 1999-09-01 Hercules Incorporated Fixed bed reactor for catalytic reactions
WO2002012158A2 (en) * 2000-08-09 2002-02-14 Mg Technologies Ag Method for catalytically producing organic substances by partial oxidation
CN106311092A (en) * 2016-11-02 2017-01-11 中国原子能科学研究院 Catalytic device for preparing U(IV) solution

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3172893A (en) * 1964-08-27 1965-03-09 Ethylene oxtoationximproved s silver catalyst
EP0938924A1 (en) * 1998-02-10 1999-09-01 Hercules Incorporated Fixed bed reactor for catalytic reactions
WO2002012158A2 (en) * 2000-08-09 2002-02-14 Mg Technologies Ag Method for catalytically producing organic substances by partial oxidation
WO2002012158A3 (en) * 2000-08-09 2002-06-27 Mg Techologies Ag Method for catalytically producing organic substances by partial oxidation
US7038065B2 (en) 2000-08-09 2006-05-02 Mg Technologies Ag Process for catalytically producing organic substances by partial oxidation
KR100781006B1 (en) 2000-08-09 2007-11-29 엠지 테크놀러지스 악티엔게젤샤프트 Method for catalytically producing organic substances by partial oxidation
CN106311092A (en) * 2016-11-02 2017-01-11 中国原子能科学研究院 Catalytic device for preparing U(IV) solution
CN106311092B (en) * 2016-11-02 2020-05-19 中国原子能科学研究院 Catalytic device for preparing U (IV) solution

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