GB470715A - Improvements in the manufacture of soap - Google Patents

Improvements in the manufacture of soap

Info

Publication number
GB470715A
GB470715A GB7744/36A GB774436A GB470715A GB 470715 A GB470715 A GB 470715A GB 7744/36 A GB7744/36 A GB 7744/36A GB 774436 A GB774436 A GB 774436A GB 470715 A GB470715 A GB 470715A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
soap
added
crude
unsaponifiable matter
acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB7744/36A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HOWARD WONTNER SMITH
SYDNEY GLENROY CAMPBELL
Original Assignee
HOWARD WONTNER SMITH
SYDNEY GLENROY CAMPBELL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HOWARD WONTNER SMITH, SYDNEY GLENROY CAMPBELL filed Critical HOWARD WONTNER SMITH
Priority to GB7744/36A priority Critical patent/GB470715A/en
Publication of GB470715A publication Critical patent/GB470715A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
    • C11D13/02—Boiling soap; Refining
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
    • C10M2201/083—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/18—Natural waxes, e.g. ceresin, ozocerite, bees wax, carnauba; Degras
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/20—Rosin acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings

Abstract

Unsaponifiable matter is extracted from saponified wool grease, by extraction with cold or warm solvents such as carbon tetrachloride or acetone. Extraction may be assisted by addition of sodium nitrite, ammonium sulphate or sodium chlorate during saponification. The extract is freed from soap by dilution with solvent after which the purified product consisting of cholesterol, isocholesterol and other alcohols is recovered. This is treated with excess of concentrated sulphuric acid at 140 DEG C., and after (a) repeated washing with water, (b) neutralizing with caustic soda, (c) precipitation with hydrochloric acid, (d) conversion into the calcium salt, filtering, and (e) treating with acid, the resulting sulphonated product may be used as a wetting agent. The filtrate from (d) after boiling with hydrochloric acid and neutralization with soda forms a product also useful as a wetting-agent. Sterols are obtained by vacuum distillation of the crude saponified product (b).ALSO:Soap is obtained by saponifying wool grease by heating it with anhydrous caustic alkali, e.g. to about 550 DEG C. with caustic soda or to 450 DEG F. with potash, until frothing has subsided, the temperature being gradually raised, while stirring. The soap may be ground into fine powder or rolled into thin sheets and cut into ribbons. The soap may be freed from unsaponifiable matter by extraction with cold or warm solvents, e.g. benzine or carbon tetrachloride, or acetone. The extraction is aided by the addition to the soap before cooling of metal salts of low melting point, e.g. sodium nitrite, ammonium sulphate, sodium chlorate. The extract is freed from soap by further dilution and the unsaponifiable matter consisting of polymerized cholesterol and other alcohols is recovered. This may be treated with excess of concentrated sulphuric acid at 140 DEG C., and after (a) repeated washing, (b) neutralizing with caustic soda, (c) precipitation with hydrochloric acid, (d) conversion to the calcium salt, filtering, and (e) treating with acid, the resulting precipitated material is used for fat splitting; and the filtrate from (d) after boiling with hydrochloric acid and neutralizing with soda is used as a wetting agent. Sterols may be obtained by vacuum distillation of the crude neutralized product (b). The crude unsaponifiable material may also be added to lubricating oils, the mixture heated with an adsorbent and after filtration yielding a lubricating oil of low cold test suitable for high pressure lubrication. The soaps may be split to form the fatty acids which are separated by distillation into fractions of high and low molecular weight. The low molecular acids are converted into soap and the high molecular acids used in lubricating grease or in wax compositions. The crude soap (including unsaponifiable matter) is dissolved in water and treated with copper sulphate to form a bright green copper compound; this includes the unsaponifiable matter and after washing and drying, is dissolved in turpentine or white spirit and pigments added if desired to form a paint. Additional extracted unsaponifiable matter which has drying properties may be added. The lead, or aluminium soaps, the latter having anti-settling properties in paints, or the brown precipitate obtained with iron salts, may be similarly used. The calcium and aluminium soaps may be used to improve the properties of lubricating oils, or in bituminous compositions for application to roofing felt. In examples, (1) crude lime soap is added to spindle oil with stirring and then oleic acid and glycerine are added. After cooling somewhat a small amount of water is added to form a lubricating grease; (2) equal amounts of the aluminium soap and tough bitumen are melted together at 200 DEG C., to form a homogeneous high - melting bituminous composition. Specification 396,769 is referred to.
GB7744/36A 1936-03-14 1936-03-14 Improvements in the manufacture of soap Expired GB470715A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7744/36A GB470715A (en) 1936-03-14 1936-03-14 Improvements in the manufacture of soap

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7744/36A GB470715A (en) 1936-03-14 1936-03-14 Improvements in the manufacture of soap

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB470715A true GB470715A (en) 1937-08-20

Family

ID=9838882

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB7744/36A Expired GB470715A (en) 1936-03-14 1936-03-14 Improvements in the manufacture of soap

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB470715A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE969103C (en) * 1951-09-25 1958-04-30 Amund Sletnes Process for the extraction of valuable components from fats and oils
WO2007143454A2 (en) * 2006-05-31 2007-12-13 Shell Oil Company Process and apparatus for preparing a soap concentrate, a lubricating composition, and combinations thereof

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE969103C (en) * 1951-09-25 1958-04-30 Amund Sletnes Process for the extraction of valuable components from fats and oils
WO2007143454A2 (en) * 2006-05-31 2007-12-13 Shell Oil Company Process and apparatus for preparing a soap concentrate, a lubricating composition, and combinations thereof
WO2007143454A3 (en) * 2006-05-31 2008-08-28 Shell Oil Co Process and apparatus for preparing a soap concentrate, a lubricating composition, and combinations thereof
RU2461612C2 (en) * 2006-05-31 2012-09-20 Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. Method of producing soap concentrate, lubricating composition and combinations thereof and apparatus for realising said method
US8927470B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2015-01-06 Shell Oil Company Process and apparatus for preparing a soap concentrate, a lubricating composition, and combinations thereof

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