GB425679A - Improvements in or relating to the destructive hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials - Google Patents

Abstract

Solid carbonaceous materials and heavy non-volatile oils and tars are converted into light oils by subjecting the materials to a liquid phase destructive hydrogenation under such conditions that mainly volatile heavy oils (e.g. boiling between 300--500 DEG C.) are produced, separating the heavy oils from the remaining products, destructively hydrogenating the heavy oils under such conditions that mainly middle oils are obtained, separating the middle oils and converting these in a further stage into petrols. The residual products containing solids are centrifuged imperfectly so that a residue rich in ash is obtained which is subjected to further destructive hydrogenation. Hydrogen, coal, and <PICT:0425679/III/1> pasting oil are fed through lines 1, 2, 3 into a reaction vessel 4. The products pass to a hot catch pot 5 from which liquid heavy oil and residues are led off through pipes 13, 14 to the second stage reaction vessel 17. The volatile oils and any lighter products pass through a condenser 7 and cold catch-pot 8 with reduction of pressure to a still 10 from which middle and light oil fractions are distilled off through pipes 11, 12 while the heavy oils are passed in part to the second stage reactor 17, the remainder being recycled as pasting oil to the reactor 4. Additional hydrogen is admitted to the reactor 17 through a pipe 18 and the hydrogenated products are passed to a hot catch pot 19 from which residual products pass through a pressure reducing system 20 to a sludge-recovery centrifuge 21 while the middle and light oils are condensed in a cooler 26 and then passed through a cold catch pot 27 and pressure reducing system 28 to a still 29 from which middle oils are separated by distillation and converted in a final stage into petrols. Examples are given of the treatment of coal pastes, the reaction conditions in the first stage being 460 DEG C., and 250 atmospheres pressure, and in the second stage 470 DEG C., and 250 atmospheres. Specifications 311,193, 336,610, [both in Class 32], and 359,108 are referred to.