GB2615269A - Passive cold storage heat exchanger - Google Patents

Passive cold storage heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2615269A
GB2615269A GB2306661.6A GB202306661A GB2615269A GB 2615269 A GB2615269 A GB 2615269A GB 202306661 A GB202306661 A GB 202306661A GB 2615269 A GB2615269 A GB 2615269A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
heat
cold storage
room
water tank
disposed
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
GB2306661.6A
Other versions
GB202306661D0 (en
Inventor
Hu Bei
Liu Jing
Lu Song
Wen Hua
Zhang Lili
Li Baili
Kang Jian
Qiu Shanshan
Han Jinquan
Zhang Fenglin
Zhu Yunyun
Chen Haonan
Liu Xin
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China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd
Original Assignee
China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd
Publication of GB202306661D0 publication Critical patent/GB202306661D0/en
Publication of GB2615269A publication Critical patent/GB2615269A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0003—Exclusively-fluid systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0275—Arrangements for coupling heat-pipes together or with other structures, e.g. with base blocks; Heat pipe cores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F24F2005/0025—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using heat exchange fluid storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F12/002—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an intermediate heat-transfer fluid
    • F24F2012/005—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an intermediate heat-transfer fluid using heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0035—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for domestic or space heating, e.g. heating radiators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A passive cold storage heat exchanger, comprising: a cooling room (1) to be cooled, a heat pipe assembly (4), a cold storage water tank (3), and a ventilation room (2). The ventilation room (2) is adjacent to the cooling room (1) and is separated therefrom by a floor slab (22); the ventilation room (2) is disposed above the cooling room (1); the heat pipe assembly (4) comprises at least two heat pipes (8) used for heat transfer; the heat pipes (8) are used for containing a liquid working medium (19); each heat pipe (8) comprises an evaporation section (5), a heat insulation section (6), and a condensation section (7) which are connected in sequence; the heat pipes (8) run through the floor slab (22) between the ventilation room (2) and the cooling room (1); the heat insulation sections (6) are disposed in the floor slab (22); the evaporation sections (5) are disposed in the cooling room (1); the condensation sections (7) are disposed in the cold storage water tank (3); the cold storage water tank (3) is used for introducing cooling water for cold storage of the liquid working medium (19) in the heat pipes (8); the cold storage water tank (3) is disposed in the ventilation room (2). By means of the passive cold storage heat exchanger, after losing all the power supplies inside and outside the nuclear power plant, the temperature of the cooling room can be maintained not to exceed a design value within a certain period of time only by means of water cold storage and passive heat transfer of the heat pipes.

Description

PASSIVE COLD STORAGE HEAT EXCHANGER
Cross References to Related Applications
The present disclosure claims priority from Chinese patent application No. CN 202011346554.9 entitled "Passive Cold Storage Heat Exchanger" filed on November 26, 2020, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Technical Field
The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of heat exchange, and in particular relates to a passive cold storage heat exchanger.
Background Art
In a case where normal power supply for a main control room of a nuclear power plant is lost, it is still necessary to maintain the design temperature in the room. In the existing design, the active ventilation and cooling equipment is generally powered by a diesel generator in absence of power supply. However, such design is complex, requires high investment and has a certain failure risk, and the noise generated by the active equipment would affect the working efficiency of the operator in the main control room.
There exists a cold storage scheme using an envelope enclosure formed of concrete and metal fins, which releases a certain amount of cold to reduce the room temperature in an accident. However, the concrete has a low cold storage density while the fins have a low heat transfer coefficient, and the facility occupies a large area, thus it is difficult for such an envelope enclosure to cope with all the cold load of the room in practical engineering.
Summary
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem in the existing technology, the present disclosure provides a passive cold storage heat exchanger which, in a case where all internal and external power supplies for a nuclear power plant are lost, maintains the temperature of a heat radiation room not to exceed a design value within a certain period of time only by water cold storage and passive heat transfer via heat pipes.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problem according to the present disclosure is to provide a passive cold storage heat exchanger, including: a heat radiation room to be cooled, a heat pipe assembly, a cold storage water tank, and a ventilation room. The ventilation room is adjacent to the heat radiation room and is separated from the heat radiation room by a floor slab, and the ventilation room is disposed above the heat radiation room. The heat assembly includes at least two heat pipes for heat transfer, the heat pipes being configured to accommodate a liquid working medium, the heat pipes each including: an evaporation section, a heat insulation section, and a condensation section which are connected in sequence, the heat pipes running through the floor slab between the ventilation room and the heat radiation room. The heat insulation section is disposed in the floor slab, the evaporation section is disposed in the heat radiation room, and the condensation section is disposed in the cold storage water tank. The cold storage water tank is configured to introduce cooling water for cold storage of the liquid working medium in the heat pipes, and the cold storage water tank is disposed in the ventilation room.
Preferably, the heat pipes each include an inner copper tube and an outer steel tube disposed outside the inner copper tube.
Preferably, the cold storage water tank further includes: a water tank body; and a water inlet port, a ventilation port, an overflow port and a drain port which are disposed on the water tank body. The water inlet port is configured to intake water, the ventilation port is configured to perform ventilation, the overflow port is configured to release overflow, and the drain port is configured to discharge water.
Preferably, the cold storage water tank further includes: a fire water connection port disposed on the water tank body at a preset water level. The cold storage water tank in the present disclosure can provide fire water for an iodine absorber in an emergency filtering system of a heat radiation room nearby, so that the water demand in a fire is ensured, and the fire-fighting system of the plant is simplified.
Preferably, the passive cold storage heat exchanger further includes: a temperature detector disposed in the water tank body, a water inlet pipe connected to the water inlet port, an electric control valve disposed on the water inlet pipe. The temperature detector is electrically connected to the electric control valve, and in a case where a water temperature detected by the temperature detector is higher than an upper limit of a design value, the electric control valve is opened in an interlinking way; and in a case where the water temperature detected by the temperature detector is higher than a lower limit of the design value, the electric control valve is closed in an interlinking way.
Preferably, the heat pipe assembly further includes: an upper support plate and an embedded channel steel. The upper support plate is disposed on a bottom plate of the cold storage water tank and the heat pipes are connected to the upper support plate; and the embedded channel steel is pre-embedded in the floor slab and the upper support plate is fixedly connected to the embedded channel steel.
Preferably, the heat pipe assembly further includes: a lower support plate, which is fixedly connected to the embedded channel steel, and the heat pipes are merely in contact connection with the lower support plate.
Preferably, the heat pipe assembly further includes: a flange to which the heat pipes are connected and by which the heat pipes are fixed onto the upper support plate.
Preferably, the heat radiation room is any one or more of a main control room, an electrical equipment room, an instrument and control equipment room, a reactor containment, a diesel generator hall and an air duct.
Preferably, the heat pipes are arranged in an array.
The cold storage function of the heat exchanger of the present disclosure is implemented by a cold storage water tank, and the cold storage can be carried out in three modes: injecting chilled water into the cold storage water tank; guiding, by a metal part of the heat pipe assembly, redundant cold in the ventilation room into the cold storage water tank; and natural ventilation by an outer surface of the cold storage water tank. The injection of chilled water may be controlled by a temperature detector and an electric control valve in the cold storage water tank. By means of the above three modes, water temperature in the cold storage water tank is maintained to be lower than a design temperature all the year round, so that cold storage amount of the cold storage water tank is larger than a cold load of the room in a certain period of time after power failure.
The passive heat exchange function of the present disclosure is implemented by a heat pipe assembly. When the nuclear power plant operates normally and a temperature of the cold storage water tank is lower than an indoor temperature of the heat radiation room, the cycling of the heat pipes is initiated, and partial cold load of the heat radiation room is borne by passive heat exchange of the heat pipes, so that an active cooling equipment is saved from operation energy consumption; when the nuclear power plant loses electricity, as the temperature of the heat radiation room rises to the temperature of the water tank, cycling of the heat pipes is initiated, and the cold stored in the water tank is released to the heat radiation room through passive heat exchange of the heat pipes, so that the heat radiation room is maintained at the highest design temperature in a certain period of time, meeting the residential demand of the personnel.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Fig 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a passive cold storage heat exchanger in Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure; Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a heat pipe assembly in Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure; FIG. 3 is structural diagram of a single heat pipe in Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure; Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a cold storage water tank in Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure.
List of Reference Signs: 1-heat radiation room; 2-ventilation room; 3-cold storage water tank; 4-heat pipe assembly; 5-evaporation section; 6-condensation section; 7-heat insulation section; 8-heat pipe; 9-upper support plate; 10-lower support plate; 11-flange; 12-reinforcing plate; 13a,13b-gasket; 14a,14b,14c-bolt; 15-bottom plate; 16-embedded channel steel; 17-inner copper tube; 18-outer steel tube; 19-liquid working medium; 20-flange hole; 21-weld seam; 22-floor slab; 23-water inlet port; 24-water inlet pipe; 25-drain port; 26-drain pipe; 27-overflow port; 28-overflow pipe; 29-fire water connection port; 30-fire connection pipe; 31-ventilation port; 32-temperature detector-33-electric control valve.
Detailed Description of the Embodiments
To make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the present disclosure will be further described in details below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with the examples thereof shown in the drawings throughout which, the same or similar elements are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present disclosure and are not construed as limiting the present disclosure.
Embodiment 1 This embodiment provides a passive cold storage heat exchanger, including: a heat radiation room to be cooled, a heat pipe assembly, a cold storage water tank, and a ventilation room. The ventilation room is adjacent to the heat radiation room and is separated from the heat radiation room by a floor slab, and the ventilation room is disposed above the heat radiation room.
The heat assembly includes at least two heat pipes for heat transfer, the heat pipes being configured to accommodate a liquid working medium, the heat pipes each including: an evaporation section, a heat insulation section, and a condensation section which are connected in sequence, the heat pipes running through the floor slab between the ventilation room and the heat radiation room. The heat insulation section is disposed in the floor slab, the evaporation section is disposed in the heat radiation room, and the condensation section is disposed in the cold storage water tank. The cold storage water tank is configured to introduce cooling water for cold storage of the liquid working medium in the heat pipes, and the cold storage water tank is disposed in the ventilation room. After all the power supplies inside and outside a nuclear power plant are lost, the temperature of the heat radiation room is maintained not to exceed a design value within a certain period of time only by means of water cold storage and passive heat transfer via heat pipes. The liquid working medium in the evaporation section is heated and evaporated in the main control room, the heat insulation section is in a heat insulation state in the floor slab, and the liquid working medium in the condensation section is cooled and condensed in the cold storage water tank.
The cold storage function of the heat exchanger in this embodiment is implemented by a cold storage water tank, and the cold storage can be carried out in three modes: injecting chilled water into the cold storage water tank; guiding, by a metal part of the heat pipe assembly, redundant cold in the ventilation room into the cold storage water tank; and natural ventilation by an outer surface of the cold storage water tank. The injection of chilled water may be controlled by a temperature detector and an electric control valve in the cold storage water tank. By means of the above three modes, the water temperature in the cold storage water tank is maintained to be lower than the design temperature all the year round, so that the cold storage amount of the cold storage water tank is larger than the cold load of the room in a certain period of time after power failure.
The passive heat exchange function in this embodiment is implemented by a heat pipe assembly. When the nuclear power plant operates normally and the temperature of the cold storage water tank is lower than the indoor temperature of the heat radiation room, the cycling of the heat pipes is initiated, and partial cold load of the heat radiation room is borne by passive heat exchange of the heat pipes, so that operation energy consumption of an active cooling equipment is saved; when the nuclear power plant loses electricity, as the temperature of the heat radiation room rises to the temperature of the water tank, cycling of the heat pipes is initiated, and the cold stored in the water tank is released to the heat radiation room through passive heat exchange of the heat pipes, so that the heat radiation room is maintained at the highest design temperature in a certain period of time, meeting the residential demand of the personnel.
Embodiment 2 As shown in Figs. 1 to 4, this embodiment provides a passive cold storage heat exchanger, including: a heat radiation room 1 to be cooled, a heat pipe assembly 4, a cold storage water tank 3, and a ventilation room 2. The ventilation room 2 is adjacent to the heat radiation room 1 and is separated from the heat radiation room 1 by a floor slab 22, and the ventilation room 2 is disposed above the heat radiation room I. The heat assembly 4 includes at least two heat pipes 8 for heat transfer, the heat pipes 8 being configured to accommodate a liquid working medium 19, and the heat pipes 8 each including: an evaporation section 5, a heat insulation section 7, and a condensation section 6 which are connected in sequence, the heat pipes 8 running through the floor slab 22 between the ventilation room 2 and the heat radiation room 1. The heat insulation section 7 is disposed in the floor slab 22, the evaporation section 5 is disposed in the heat radiation room 1, and the condensation section 6 is disposed in the cold storage water tank 3. The cold storage water tank 3 is configured to introduce cooling water to store cool for the liquid working medium 19 in the heat pipes 8, and the cold storage water tank 3 is disposed in the ventilation room 2. Specifically, in this embodiment, the heat radiation room 1 to be cooled is a main control room, the heat pipe assembly 4 is a gravity type heat pipe assembly, the heat pipes 8 are mounted in a roof of the heat radiation room 1, the evaporation section 5 of the heat pipes 8 is located in an upper space of the heat radiation room 1, the condensation section 6 is located at a bottom of the cold storage water tank 3, and the heat insulation section 7 is fixed in the floor slab 22 through a steel structure frame. After all the power supplies inside and outside a nuclear power plant are lost, the temperature of the heat radiation room 1 is maintained not to exceed a design value within a certain period of time only by means of water cold storage and passive heat transfer of the heat pipes 8.
With such arrangement, the unidirectionality of heat transfer of the heat pipes 8 can be realized using the force of gravity, that is, the heat in the heat radiation room 1 is easily introduced into the cold storage water tank 3 while the heat of the cold storage water tank 3 can hardly enter into the heat radiation room 1. Meanwhile, the heat pipes 8 connect the cold storage water tank 3 and the heat radiation room 1 into an integral heat transfer unit, which greatly increases the heat inertia of the heat radiation room 1, thus the peak value and fluctuation amplitude of the room temperature of the heat radiation room 1 are far smaller than those of the outside temperature, and the passive safety of the heat radiation room 1 against heat influence is improved.
Specifically, the liquid working medium 19 accommodated in the heat pipes 8 is water or refrigerant. The floor slab 22 is a concrete slab.
As shown in Fig. 3, it is preferable that the heat pipes 8 each include: an inner copper tube 17 and an outer steel tube 18 disposed outside the inner copper tube 17. The inner copper tube 17 ensures compatibility with the working medium. No matter whether water or refrigerant is adopted, non-condensable gas would not be generated in the working process, and the service life of the heat pipes 8 is thus prolonged. The outer steel tube 18 of stainless steel ensures the machining, corrosion resistance and shock resistance of the heat pipes 8.
As shown in Fig. 4, it is preferable that the cold storage water tank 3 includes: a water tank body; and a water inlet port 23, a ventilation port 31, an overflow port 27 and a drain port 25 which are disposed on the water tank body. The water inlet port 23 is configured to intake water, the ventilation port 31 is configured to perform ventilation, the overflow port 27 is configured to release overflow, and the drain port 25 is configured to discharge water. Specifically, the water inlet port 23 is disposed on the top of the water tank body to connect a chilled water system of the plant. The ventilation port 31 is disposed at the highest position of the water tank body. The overflow port 27 and the drain port 25 are configured to connect a drainage system of the plant. The water inlet port 23 is connected to a chilled water inlet pipe 24, the drain port 25 is connected to a drain pipe 26, and the overflow port 27 is connected to an overflow pipe 28.
Preferably, the cold storage water tank 3 further includes: a fire water connection port 29 disposed on the water tank body at a preset water level. The fire water connection port 29 is configured to connect an iodine absorber in an emergency filtering system of the heat radiation room 1, and the cold storage water tank 3 in this embodiment can provide fire water for an iodine absorber in an emergency filtering system of a heat radiation room 1 nearby, so that the water demand in a fire is ensured, and the fire-fighting system of the plant is simplified. The fire water connection port 29 is connected to a fire service connection pipe 30. According to single failure criterion, without considering simultaneous occurrence of fire and power loss, partial water in the cold storage water tank 3 may serve as standby fire water. Since the iodine absorber of an emergency fresh air filtering system in the heat radiation room 1 is generally disposed at a lower layer of the heat radiation room 1, by utilizing the height difference between the iodine absorber and the cold storage water tank 3, passive water injection can be realized, thus a fire can be efficiently and quickly extinguished. As compared to a centralized fire-fighting system of a plant, the investment of the above arrangement is less due to a short pipeline distance.
Preferably, the passive cold storage heat exchanger further includes: a temperature detector 32 disposed in the water tank body, a water inlet pipe 24 connected to the water inlet port 23, and an electric control valve 33 disposed on the water inlet pipe 24. The temperature detector 32 is electrically connected to the electric control valve 33. In a case where a water temperature detected by the temperature detector 32 is higher than an upper limit of a design value, the electric control valve 33 is opened in an interlinking way; and in a case where a water temperature detected by the temperature detector 32 is higher than a lower limit of a design value, the electric control valve 33 is closed in an interlinking way. Specifically, the temperature detector 32 in this embodiment is a temperature sensor further connected to an external instrument control system, and the temperature sensor is a continuous flow meter.
As shown in Fig. 2, it is preferable that the heat pipe assembly 4 further includes: an upper support plate 9 and an embedded channel steel 16. The upper support plate 9 is disposed on a bottom plate 15 of the cold storage water tank 3 and the heat pipes 8 are connected and fixed to the upper support plate 9 by bolt(s), and the embedded channel steel 16 is pre-embedded in the floor slab 22 and the upper support plate 9 is fixedly connected to the embedded channel steel 16.
Preferably, the heat pipe assembly 4 further includes: a lower support plate 10, which is fixedly connected to the embedded channel steel 16. The lower support plate 10 is merely in contact connection with the heat pipes 8 to restrict horizontal displacement of a distal end of a heat pipe 8, so that the heat pipe 8 can be repaired and replaced on the cold storage water tank 3 side. Preferably, the heat pipe assembly 4 further includes: a flange 11 to which the heat pipe 8 is connected and by which the heat pipe 8 is fixed onto the upper support plate 9. Specifically, a weld seam 21 is reserved between the flange 11 and the heat pipe 8, the flange 11 is welded and fixed to the heat pipe 8 through the weld seam 21, a flange hole 20 is formed in the flange H, a bolt hole is formed in the upper support plate 9, a bolt 14a passes through the flange hole 20 and the bolt hole, a gasket 13 is further disposed between the flange 11 and the upper support plate 9 to lock a nut, the flange 11 is in threaded connection with the upper support plate 9, the heat pipe 8 is fixed to the upper support plate 9 through the bolt 14a and the gasket 13a, and the heat insulation section 7 of the heat pipe 8 is fixed in a hole of the floor slab 22.
The upper support plate 9 is fixed on the embedded channel steel 16 through the bolt 14b and the gasket 13b, and the upper support plate 9 is in threaded connection with the embedded channel steel 16. The lower support plate 10 is fixed to the embedded channel steel 16 through a bolt 14c, and the lower support plate 10 is in threaded connection with the embedded channel steel 16.
Since the heat pipes 8 have a service life shorter than the nuclear power plant, the above structure should employ welding as less as possible. By employing threaded connection of the members, convenience of mounting, repairing and replacing the heat pipe assembly 4 and a single heat pipe 8 is ensured. Specifically, the gasket 13 in the present embodiment is a watertight gasket.
Preferably, the heat pipe assembly 4 further includes a reinforcing plate 12 connected to the upper support plate 9. In order to meet the anti-seismic requirement, the reinforcing plate 12 is welded to the upper support plate 9 to improve the bending resistance.
Preferably, the heat radiation room 1 is any one or more of a main control room, an electrical equipment room, an instrument and control equipment room, a reactor containment, a diesel generator hall and an air duct Preferably, the heat pipes 8 are arranged in an array. A single heat pipe 8 has a length less than 2m, which can ensure that the heat pipe has a lower starting temperature difference and a higher heat transfer efficiency and is able to operate steadily in transitional seasons and power loss and meanwhile meet the demand for energy conservation and safety simultaneously. Particularly, at a time a power failure accident just occurs, the cold load of the heat radiation room 1 would remain at a peak value in a short time, but the heat transfer coefficient of the heat pipe 8 would increase along with the increase of the temperature difference. As compared to other passive cooling modes with fixed heat transfer coefficients, the arrangement of this embodiment has stronger capability to deal with the peak load.
The cold storage function of the heat exchanger in this embodiment is implemented by the cold storage water tank 3, and the cold storage can be carried out in three modes: injecting chilled water into the cold storage water tank 3 via the water inlet port 23; guiding, by a metal part of the heat pipe assembly 4, redundant cold in the ventilation room 2 into the cold storage water tank 3; and natural ventilation by the outer surface of the cold storage water tank 3. The injection of chilled water may be controlled by a temperature detector 32 and an electric control valve 33 in the cold storage water tank 3. By means of the above three modes, the water temperature in the cold storage water tank 3 is maintained to be lower than a design temperature all the year round, so that the cold storage amount of the cold storage water tank 3 is larger than the cold load of the room in a certain period of time after power failure.
The passive heat exchange function in the present embodiment is implemented by the heat pipe assembly 4. When the nuclear power plant operates normally and the temperature of the cold storage water tank 3 is lower than the indoor temperature of the heat radiation room 1, cycling of the heat pipes 8 is initiated, and partial cold load of the heat radiation room 1 is borne by passive heat exchange of the heat pipes 8, so that the operation energy consumption of an active cooling equipment is saved; when the nuclear power plant loses electricity, as the temperature of the heat radiation room 1 rises to the temperature of the water tank, cycling of the heat pipes 8 is initiated, and the cold stored in the water tank is released to the heat radiation room 1 through passive heat exchange of the heat pipes 8, so that the heat radiation room 1 is maintained at the highest design temperature in a certain period of time, meeting the residential demand of the personnel.
It should be understood that above embodiments are just examples for illustrating the principle of the disclosure, however, the disclosure is not limited thereto. Various modifications and variations can be made by a person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the scope of the present disclosure. These modifications and variations should be considered to be within the protection scope of the present disclosure

Claims (10)

  1. What is claimed is: I. A passive cold storage heat exchanger, comprising: a heat radiation room to be cooled, a heat pipe assembly, a cold storage water tank, and a ventilation room configured to perform ventilation; wherein the ventilation room is adjacent to the heat radiation room and is separated from the heat radiation room by a floor slab, the ventilation room is disposed above the heat radiation room; the heat assembly comprises at least two heat pipes for heat transfer, the heat pipes being configured to accommodate a liquid working medium, and the heat pipes each comprising: an evaporation section, a heat insulation section, and a condensation section which are connected in sequence, the heat pipes running through the floor slab between the ventilation room and the heat radiation room, wherein the heat insulation section is disposed in the floor slab, the evaporation section is disposed in the heat radiation room, and the condensation section is disposed in the cold storage water tank; the cold storage water tank is configured to introduce cooling water for cold storage of the liquid working medium in the heat pipes, and the cold storage water tank is disposed in the ventilation room.
  2. 2. The passive cold storage heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the heat pipes each comprise: an inner copper tube and an outer steel tube disposed outside the inner copper tube.
  3. 3. The passive cold storage heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the cold storage water tank comprises: a water tank body, and a water inlet port, a ventilation port, an overflow port and a drain port which are disposed on the water tank body, wherein the water inlet port is configured to intake water, the ventilation port is configured to perform ventilation, the overflow port is configured to release overflow, and the drain port is configured to discharge water.
  4. 4. The passive cold storage heat exchanger of claim 3, wherein the cold storage water tank further comprises: a fire water connection port disposed on the water tank body at a preset water level.
  5. 5. The passive cold storage heat exchanger of claim 3, further comprising: a temperature detector disposed in the water tank body, a water inlet pipe connected to the water inlet port, an electric control valve disposed on the water inlet pipe, wherein the temperature detector is electrically connected to the electric control valve, in a case where a water temperature detected by the temperature detector is higher than an upper limit of a design value, the electric control valve is opened in an interlinking way; and in a case where the water temperature detected by the temperature detector is higher than a lower limit of the design value, the electric control valve is closed in an interlinking way.
  6. 6. The passive cold storage heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the heat pipe assembly further comprises: an upper support plate and an embedded channel steel, wherein the upper support plate is disposed on a bottom plate of the cold storage water tank and the heat pipes are connected to the upper support plate, and the embedded channel steel is pre-embedded in the floor slab and the upper support plate is fixedly connected to the embedded channel steel.
  7. 7. The passive cold storage heat exchanger of claim 6, wherein the heat pipe assembly further comprises: a lower support plate, which is fixedly connected to the embedded channel steel, and the heat pipes are merely in contact connection with the lower support plate.
  8. 8. The passive cold storage heat exchanger of claim 6, wherein the heat pipe assembly further comprises: a flange to which the heat pipes are connected and by which the heat pipes are fixed onto the upper support plate.
  9. 9. The passive cold storage heat exchanger of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the heat radiation room is any one or more of a main control room, an electrical equipment room, an instrument and control equipment room, a reactor containment, a diesel generator hall and an air duct.
  10. 10. The passive cold storage heat exchanger of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the heat pipes are arranged in an array.
GB2306661.6A 2020-11-26 2021-11-18 Passive cold storage heat exchanger Pending GB2615269A (en)

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CN202011346554.9A CN112611244B (en) 2020-11-26 2020-11-26 Passive cold accumulation type heat exchange device
PCT/CN2021/131392 WO2022111371A1 (en) 2020-11-26 2021-11-18 Passive cold storage heat exchanger

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ZA202305604B (en) 2024-03-27
WO2022111371A1 (en) 2022-06-02

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