GB2605728A - Hydroponic nutrient solution of vegetable and application thereof - Google Patents
Hydroponic nutrient solution of vegetable and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2605728A GB2605728A GB2209225.8A GB202209225A GB2605728A GB 2605728 A GB2605728 A GB 2605728A GB 202209225 A GB202209225 A GB 202209225A GB 2605728 A GB2605728 A GB 2605728A
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- United Kingdom
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- vegetable
- urea
- nutrient solution
- uhp
- hydroponic nutrient
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.NC(N)=O AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940061634 magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LMSDCGXQALIMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid;iron Chemical compound [Fe].OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O LMSDCGXQALIMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005637 Brassica campestris Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241001301148 Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 73
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 11
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000003501 hydroponics Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000011331 Brassica Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 Urea Calcium Calcium di hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002101 nanobubble Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004343 Calcium peroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019402 calcium peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000021749 root development Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000006432 Carica papaya Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009467 Carica papaya Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000208822 Lactuca Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CCBICDLNWJRFPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloroindophenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1N=C1C=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C1 CCBICDLNWJRFPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPAGIJMPHSUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium peroxide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][O-] SPAGIJMPHSUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- HVMDWCKUQMPXPO-UHFFFAOYSA-O [Mg].[K].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[NH4+] Chemical compound [Mg].[K].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[NH4+] HVMDWCKUQMPXPO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004995 magnesium peroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/02—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing sodium or potassium nitrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
A hydroponic nutrient solution comprising urea peroxide, urea and potassium nitrate, wherein a mass ratio of nitrogen in the urea peroxide, the urea and the potassium nitrate is 1 to 3: 7 to 9: 10. There is also a preparation method of the hydroponic nutrient solution wherein a pH is adjusted to 5.8 with 1mol/L of sodium hydroxide solution. The hydroponic nutrient solution is used in vegetable cultivation, to increase a vegetable yield and improve a vegetable quality. Preferably, the solution may increase a chlorophyll content in the vegetable and/or increase a Vitamin C (VC) content in the vegetable and/or reduce a nitrate accumulation amount in the vegetable. Preferably the vegetable is a green vegetable, such as Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.).
Description
HYDROPONIC NUTRIENT SOLUTION OF VEGETABLE AND APPLICATION
THEREOF
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a plant fertilizer, and more particularly, to a hydroponic nutrient solution of a vegetable and an application thereof
BACKGROUND
In a formula of a hydroponic nutrient solution of vegetable, a yield of a leafy vegetable in a Japanese garden trial formula is significantly higher than that in a Hoagland's nutrient solution form ul aul, but a nitrate nitrogen content in the Japanese garden trial formula is higher than that in the Hoagland's nutrient solution formula. Since an absorption amount of nitrate nitrogen by vegetable roots is greater than a reduction and assimilation amount of the nitrate nitrogen in the vegetable, nitrate is easily enriched in the leafy vegetable, which is harmless to a plant itself but is harmful to human healthPI. At present, there have been some studies on partial replacement of the nitrate nitrogen by amidonitrogen. Guangtao Ren, et al.PI replaced inorganic nitrogen (nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen) in the Japanese garden trial formula by different proportions of amidonitrogen to cultivate lactuca sativa, and with an increased concentration of the amidonitrogen, a nitrate content in the lactuca sativa tended to be reduced, and the lactuca sativa treated with the amidonitrogen accounting for 15% of the total nitrogen had the highest yield. As an amidonitrogen, urea cannot be used as the only nitrogen source for hydroponics, and when an amount of the urea is excessively large, it is easy to cause ammonium toxicity, resulting in slow growth of vegetable. Studies showed that when the lactuca sativa was cultivated in a nutrient solution with the urea as the only nitrogen source, leaves of the lactuca sativa were wilted at a late growth stage, edges of new leaves were shrivelled, and roots were blackened and rottedNi.
Oxygen is an important factor to maintain normal respiration of a plant. Roots of a crop need sufficient oxygen supply to maintain normal metabolism, while the oxygen supply in water is only one hundred thousandth of that of air. The lack of oxygen in rhizosphere often slows down the growth of the crop in hydroponics, and weakens water and nutrient absorption capacities, thus affecting the growth of the shoot, resulting in reduced yield and economic lossI5-61. Therefore, the oxygen supply is the key to technical management in a hydroponic systemri. At present, oxygen enrichment measures of hydroponics mainly comprise a nutrient solution flowing method, a spraying method, a dripping irrigation method, a micro-nano bubble technology, and other mechanical and physical methods, which increase a contact opportunity between the nutrient solution and air, and improve a diffusion capability of oxygen in the nutrient solution, thus increasing an oxygen content in the nutrient solution". Studies showed that Oxygenated irrigation by micro-nano bubbles could effectively promote the growth and development of the roots of the lactuca sativa in hydroponics, and compared with oxygen enrichment by nutrient solution circular flowing, the yield of the lactuca sativa is increased by 37.3% to 45.9% L6I. Yunpeng Zhou, et al." found from results of studies on a greenhouse hydroponic vegetable by micro-nano bubble oxygen enrichment irrigation that the micro-nano bubble irrigation could improve a yield and a quality of a hydroponic vegetable and promote development of roots, and an appropriate concentration of the oxygenated irrigation was 10 mg/L to 20 mg/L. At present, there are relatively few reports on chemical oxygenation. However, some studies showed that an oxygenation agent with hydrogen peroxide as an oxygen source could promote plant growthi". The application of hydrogen peroxide or calcium peroxide to a hydroponic or flooded papaya may alleviate a low-oxygen stress, and an oxygen-enriched environment in rhizosphere can promote the recovery of the flooded papaya". At present, the oxygenation agent comprises hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium peroxide, and urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP), and since peroxides of the hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide and magnesium peroxide contain less active oxygen and have poor stability", the UHP is used as the oxygenation agent in this experiment. The UHP is an adduct formed by the urea and the hydrogen peroxide, with good stability at room temperature, high active oxygen content, and controllable release.
SUMMARY
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a hydroponic nutrient solution of vegetable, so as to increase a vegetable yield and a Vitamin C (VC) content in the vegetable, and significantly reduce a nitrate content in the vegetable.
The technical problem to be further solved by the present invention is to provide an application of the hydroponic nutrient solution of the vegetable above.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a hydroponic nutrient solution of vegetable, comprising urea peroxide, urea and potassium nitrate, wherein a mass ratio of nitrogen in the urea peroxide, the urea and the potassium nitrate is Ito 3: 7 to 9: 10.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the nitrogen in the urea peroxide, the urea and the potassium nitrate is 2.9 to 3: 7:10.
More preferably, a formula of the hydroponic nutrient solution of the vegetable comprises: 808 mg/L potassium nitrate, 153 mg/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 493 mWL magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 168 mg/L urea, 444 mg/L calcium chloride, 110.4 mg/L urea peroxide, 25 mg/L Fe* EDTA, 2.86 mg/L H2B03, 0.22 mg/L ZnSO4.71-120, 0.08 mg/L CuSO4.7H20, 2.13 mg/L MnSO4.4H20, and 0.025 mg/L (NH4)6Mo024.4H20.
The vegetable is a green vegetable. Preferably, the vegetable is Brass/ca campeskis ssp. Chinensi s (H) In a preparation method of the hydroponic nutrient solution of the vegetable above, the hydroponic nutrient solution is prepared according to the following formula: 808 mg/L potassium nitrate, 153 mg/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 493 mg/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 168 mg/L urea, 444 mg/L calcium chloride, 110.4 mg/L urea peroxide, 25 mg/L Fe.EDTA, 2.86 mg/L H2B03, 0.22 mg/L ZnSO4.7H20, 0.08 mg/L CuSO4*7H20, 2.13 mg/L MnSO4*4H20, and 0.025 mg/L (NT14)6Mo024.4H20, and then a pH value is adjusted to 5.8 with 1 mol/L of sodium hydroxide solution.
An application of the hydroponic nutrient solution of the vegetable above in vegetable cultivation also falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.
An application of the hydroponic nutrient solution of the vegetable above in increasing a vegetable yield and improving a vegetable quality also falls within the scope of protection of the present invention The improving the vegetable quality refers to increasing a chlorophyll content in the vegetable, and/or increasing a VC content in the vegetable, and/or reducing a nitrate accumulation amount in the vegetable.
The vegetable is a green vegetable. Preferably, the vegetable is Braysica campestris ssp. Chinensi s (H).
Beneficial effects in order to reduce the nitrate content in the hydroponic Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.), effects of nitrate reduction and oxygenation on growth and quality of a hydroponic leafy vegetable are investigated by partially replacing nitrate in a Japanese garden trial formula by the urea and using different ratios of urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP) to urea. Firstly, 30%, 40%, 50% and 100% urea are used to replace nitrate nitrogen to optimize the Japanese garden trial formula, wherein a replacement treatment with 50% urea can significantly increase a yield of the leafy vegetable and promote growth of roots. On this basis, 10%, 30%, 50% and 80% UHP are used to replace and improve urea in the Japanese garden trial formula, so as to determine an optimum ratio of the UHP to the urea and the nitrate nitrogen. With an increased concentration of the LTHIP, a dissolved oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution is increased significantly, and compared with a control, a dissolved oxygen concentration after a treatment with the UHP is increased by 7.63% to 39.7%. Compared with the control, a yield is increased by 27.65%, and a total root length, a root surface area, a root width, a root volume and a root tip number are increased by 24.68%, 36.92%, 16.9%, 28.19% and 28.89% respectively by a treatment with 30% UHP, but a treatment with high-concentration (50% and 80%) UHP significantly inhibits growth of the Brass/ca campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.). A chlorophyll content and a VC content of the Brass/ca campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.) are significantly increased by the treatment with 30% UHP, and compared with the control, the chlorophyll content and the VC content are increased by 71.25% and 34.91% respectively. With the increased concentration of the UHP, a nitrate content in leaves of the Brass/ca campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.) tends to be reduced, and compared with the control, the nitrate contents after treatments with 10%, 30%, 50% and 80% UHP are significantly reduced by 3.89%, 9.69%, 22.71% and 26.87%. Therefore, in hydroponic cultivation management of the vegetable, appropriate amounts of oxygen enrichment and nitrate reduction can stimulate development of roots, and meanwhile, it is beneficial for improving the yield and the quality of the Brass/ca campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.), wherein an optimum mass ratio of the nitrogen in the UHP, the urea and the nitrate is 2.93: 7: 10.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific implementations, and the advantages in the above and/or other aspects of the present invention will become clearer.
FIG. 1 shows dissolved oxygen concentrations of nutrient solutions with different ratios of UHP to urea.
FIG. 2 shows effects of different ratios of UHP to urea on (a) yield, (b) root fresh weight and (c) root shoot ratio ofBrass/ea campesfris ssp. Chinensis (L.).
FIG. 3 shows effects of different ratios of UHP to urea on a relative chlorophyll content of the Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.).
FIG. 4 shows effects of different ratios of UHP to urea on (a) nitrate content and (b) VC content of the Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiment 1: I. Material and method 1.1 Experimental materials Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.), a green vegetable of a non-heading Chinese cabbage, was selected as the vegetable used, and purchased from Nanjing, China.
1 2 Experimental design Seeds of the Brass/ca campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.) were disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 15 minutes, rinsed and soaked in deionized water at 25°C overnight. The seeds were cultivated in a vermiculite-turf substrate, transferred to a turnover box filled with a Japanese garden trial nutrient solution of 1/2 concentration after 2 to 3 true leaves grew, and cultivated for 9 days (the nutrient solution was replaced every 3 days), and then the Brassicct campesfri,s' ssp. Chinensis (L.) plants were transferred into a Japanese garden trial nutrient solution in which urea replaces a part of nitrate nitrogen. A Japanese garden trial formula was used as a control in the experiment, and the urea was used to replace calcium nitrate on a premise of constant total nitrogen content. Assuming that replacement ratios of the urea to the nitrate were 30%, 40%, 50% and 100%, respectively, in order to ensure a consistent amount of the nitrate nitrogen in all treatments (a nitrogen content was 224 mg/L), a nitric acid was used to supplement the remaining nitrogen (see Table 1 for the formula). A pH value of the prepared nutrient solution was adjusted to 5.8 with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution. A general formula was used in trace elements, comprising 25 mg/L of Fe-EDTA, 2.86 mg/L of H21303, 0.22 mg/J, of ZnSO4.7H70, 0.08 mg/L of CuSO4.7H20, 2.13 mg/L of N4n5044F120, and 0.025 mg/L of (NH4)6Mo02441-120. Five treatments were designed, and each treatment was repeated for 3 times and arranged randomly. A 1 L beaker (the beaker was wrapped with a black light-proof tape) was used in each treatment, each beaker was planted with 2 Brassica canwestri.s' ssp. Chinensis (L.) plants, and the nutrient solution was replaced every 3 days, without an oxygenation measure. A yield of the Brassica campesfris ssp. Chinensis (L.) was measured during harvest after 45 days, so as to determine an optimum amount of the urea. The experiment was carried out in the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. An illumination time in an illumination incubator was 16 hours, a light intensity was 300 Rmol/m2/s, a daytime temperature was 25°C, a nighttime temperature was 20°C, and a relative humidity was 67%.
Table 1 Formulas of nutrient solutions with different ratios of urea to nitrate nitrogen Treatment Potassium nitrate Ammonium Magnesium Nitric Urea Calcium Calcium di hydrogen sulfate acid (mg/L) chloride nitrate phosphate heptahydrate tetrahydrate 011W14 (mg/L) (mg/1) (111g/14 Ong/I4 CK (garden 808 153 493 0 0 0 945 trial formula) 30% urea 808 153 493 201.6 144 444 0 40% urea 808 153 493 100.8 192 444 0 50% urea 808 153 493 0 240 444 0 100% urea 0 153 493 0 480 444 0 Based on the above experimental results, 50% urea was selected to replace the nitrate in the Japanese garden experimental formula (see Table 3 for the results). A seed germination treatment was the same as the above experiment. Compared with the Japanese garden trial formula, based on a principle of equal amount of nitrogen (the consistent amount of nitrogen applied in all treatments), potassium nitrate, urea and UHP were taken as nitrogen sources, 4 concentrations of UHP were set, and the urea was replaced by 10%, 30%, 50% and 80% UHP, respectively (see Table 2 for the formula). A general formula was used in trace elements, which was the same as above. A pH value of the prepared nutrient solution was adjusted to 5.8 with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution. Five treatments were designed, and each treatment was repeated for 3 times and arranged randomly. Moreover, 5 treatments without planting the Brass/ca campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.) were set, and dissolved oxygen concentrations of nutrient solutions under different treatments were monitored within 3 days. A yield, root -6 -indexes (a total root length, a root surface area, a root volume, a root diameter, and a root tip number), a chlorophyll content, and quality indexes (a nitrate content and a VC content) of the Brassica campeslri s ssp. Chinensis (L.) were measured during a harvest period (after 45 days). An experimental site and a cultivation condition were the same as above, without other oxygen ati on measures.
Table 2 Formulas of nutrient solutions with different ratios of UHP to urea Treatment potassium Ammonium Magnesium sulfate Urea Calcium UHP Calcium nitrate dihydrogen chloride nitrate phosphate tetrahydrate (mg/L) (mg/L) tetrahydrate (1110) (1110) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) CK 808 153 493 0 0 0 945 (garden trial formula) 10% UHP 808 153 493 216 444 36.8 0 30% UHP 808 153 493 168 444 110.4 0 50(14)UHP 808 153 493 120 444 184 0 80% UHP 808 153 493 48 444 294.4 0 1.3 Analytic measurement method The root indexes were measured by a WinRHIZO (Pro 2012) root analysis system. The dissolved oxygen concentrations in the nutrient solutions were measured by a Unisense microelectrode system (0X50, o=40-60 ftm) in Denmark. The chlorophyll content was measured by a CCM-200 (Opti-Sciences, U.S.A.) chlorophyll meter, and a value of the chlorophyll meter had a high correlation with a chlorophyll content in leaves, so that the chlorophyll meter could be used to measure chlorophyllinl. The nitrate content was measured by an ultraviolet spectrophotometry method (GB 5009.33-2016). The VC content was measured by a 2,6-dichloroindophenol titration method (GB/T 5009.86-2016).
1.4 Data processing Excel 2003 program and SPSS statistics 20 statistical analysis software were used for data processing, and Origin 2018 software was used for drawing.
2. Result and analysis 2.1 Effects of different ratios of urea to nitrate nitrogen on growth of hydroponic Brassica -7 -eampestris ssp. Chinensis (L.) It can be seen from Table 3 that there is no significant difference between numbers of leaves among different treatments. Yield (shoot fresh weight) of the treatment with 50% urea is obviously higher than other treatments, and compared with the control, the yield of the treatment with 50% urea is increased by 513%. Moreover, the yield of the treatment with 100% urea is the lowest, and compared with the control, the yield of the treatment with 100% urea is reduced by 12.21%. Compared with the control, a fresh weight of the Brass/ca campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.) subjected to the treatment with 50% urea is increased by 35.95%. We preliminarily selected a ratio that 50% urea was used to replace a part of nitrate nitrogen.
Table 3 Effects of different ratios of urea to nitrate nitrogen on biomass of hydroponic Brass/ca campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.) Shoot fresh Shoot dry Leaf number weight weight Root fresh weight Root dry weight Treatment (leaf/plant) (g/plant) (g/plant) (g/plant) (g/plant) CK 12a 72.1 b 3.18b 5.23b 1.03b 30% urea 13a 73.9 ab 3.25 ab 6.26 ab 1.31 ab 40% urea 14a 72.4b 3.11 b 6.73 ab 1.36 ab 509'0 urea 14a 75.8a 4.02a 7.11 a 1,43a 100% urea 12 a 63.3 c 2.21 c 4.96 b 1.16 b 2.2 Dissolved oxygen concentrations of nutrient solutions with different ratios of UHP to urea Dissolved oxygen concentrations of nutrient solutions subjected to different treatments within 3 days (FIG. 1) were monitored. Studies showed that a dissolved oxygen concentration of a nutrient solution added with the UHP was always higher than that of a CK treatment, and the dissolved oxygen concentration was increased with an increased concentration of the UHP. The UHP slowly released oxygen in water, and the dissolved oxygen concentration was the highest after 8 hours, wherein 80% UHP (336.26 itmol/L) >50% UHP (312.71 umol/L)> 30% UHP (288.41 gmol/L) > 10% UHP (267.24 mmol/L) > CK. There was significant difference between different treatments (P < 0.05). With time passed, the dissolved oxygen concentration tended to be reduced.
2.3 Effects of different ratios of UHP to urea on yield and growth potential of Brassier, campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.) It can be seen from FIG. 2a that the yield of the treatment with 30% UHP is significantly different from those of other treatments, and compared with CK, the yield of the treatment with 30% UHP is increased by 27.65%. There is no significant difference between the yield of the treatment with 10% UHP and the yield of the CK treatment. The treatment with 50% UHP and the treatment with 80% UHP cause obvious yield reduction effects, but there is no significant difference between the yield reduction effects of both treatments. Compared with CK, the yields of the treatment with 50% UHP and the treatment with 80% UHP are significantly reduced by 8.45% and 15.19%. The root fresh weights of the treatment with 30% UHP and the treatment with 10% UHP are significantly higher than that of CK, and compared with CK, the root fresh weights of the treatment with 30% UHP and the treatment with 10% UHP are increased by 18.83% and 59.26% respectively (FIG. 2b). There is no significant difference between the root fresh weights of the treatment with 50% UHP and the CK treatment, and compared with the CK treatment, the root fresh weight of the treatment with 80% UHP is significantly reduced by 20.14%. Compared with CK, the root shoot ratio of the treatment with 30% UHP issignificantly increased by 25.15%, and there is no significant difference between the root shoot ratios of other treatments and the root shoot ratio of CK (FIG. 2c).
2.4 Effects of different ratios of UHP to urea on root development of Brassica canwestris ssp. Chinensis (L.) Oxygenation could effectively promote the root development of the vegetable, and a total root length, a root surface area, a root width, a root volume and a root tip number of the roots of the vegetable are significantly increased by the treatment with 30% MAP Compared with CK, the total root length of the roots is increased by 24.68%, the root surface area is increased by 36.92%, the root width is increased by 16.9%, the root volume is increased by 28.19% and the root tip number is increased by 28.89% by the treatment with 30% UHT respectively. However, the treatment with 50% UHP and the treatment with 80% UHP show obvious inhibition effects on the root growth of the vegetable (Table 4). Compared with CK, the average root diameter is significantly reduced by 10.13% by the treatment with 50% UHP; and the root surface area is significantly reduced by 3.3%, the average root diameter is reduced by 15.2%, the root volume is reduced by 13.87% and the root tip number is reduced by 8.63% in the treatment with 80% UHP (Table 4) Table 4 Effects of different ratios of UHP to urea on root development of Brass/ca campesiris ssp. Chinensis (L.) Treatment Total root Root surface Average root Root volume (cm') Root tip length (cm) area (cm2) diameter (mm) number CK 979+145 bc 100.37+1.65 c 0,35±0.003b 0.94+0.03 bc 2814±139c 10?"0 UHP 1104+64 ab 103.39+1.36 b 0.37+0.008b 0.97+0.01 bc 3090+73b 30,vo UHP 1221+79 a 137.42+0.82 a 0.41+0.012 a 1.21+0.02 a 3627+125 a 50% UHP 937+92 bc 98.78+1.56 cd 0.31+0.009 c 0.88+0.07 c 2781+101 c 80% UHP 858+118 c 97.06+1.61 d 0.30+0.013 c 0.81+0.03 d 2571+87 d 2.5 Effects of different ratios of UHP to urea on chlorophyll index of leaves of Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.) It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the difference between chlorophyll content of the treatment with 30% UHP and the other treatments reaches a significant level of 5%, with the highest chlorophyll content, and increased by 71.25% compared with CK. The chlorophyll content of the treatment with 30% UHF' is followed by the treatment with 10% UHP and CK, and there is no significant difference between the chlorophyll contents of both treatments. The chlorophyll contents start to be decreased by the treatment with 50% UHP and the treatment with 80% UHP, and the chlorophyll contents of the treatment with 50% UHP and the treatment with 80% UTIP are reduced by 9.89% and 13.57% compared with CK, respectively, wherein the chlorophyll content of the treatment with 80% UHP is significantly different from the CK treatment (P <0.05).
2.6 Effects of different ratios of 1.11-IP to urea on quality of Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.) With an increased amount of UHP, the nitrate content in the leaves is obviously reduced (FIG. 4a), which indicates that replacement of the nitrate nitrogen by the UHP can significantly reduce the nitrate content of the Brass/ca campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.). Compared with CK, the nitrate contents of the Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis (L) are significantly reduced by 9.69%, 22.71% and 26.87% in the treatments with 30% UHP, 50% UHP and 80% UHP, respectively. A sequence of the VC contents of the treatments is 30% UHP > 10% UHP > CK > 50% UHP > 80% UHP (FIG. 4b). Compared with CK, the VC content of the treatment with -10 - 30% UHP is significantly increased by 34.91%, and the treatments with 50% UHP and 80% UHP are significantly reduced by 8.34% and 19.63%. An appropriate HIP content in the hydroponic nutrient solution formula can increase the VC content of the vegetable.
3. Conclusion
The urea may be used as the nitrogen source to replace a part of nitrate nitrogen in hydroponics, and an excessively high concentration of the urea may inhibit the growth of the vegetable. Replacement of the nitrate nitrogen in the Japanese garden trial formula by 50% urea has the most significant effect on increasing the yield of the Brass/ca campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.). The UHP is used as the chemical oxygenate agent and can improve an aeration environment in hydroponics. The dissolved oxygen concentration maintained at 262.36!mon to 288.41 pmol/L can promote the development of the roots, and improve the yield and the quality, but an excessively high concentration of the UHP may inhibit the growth and the development of the Brass/ca campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.), resulting in yield reduction. In hydroponic cultivation management of the vegetable, appropriate amounts of oxygen enrichment and nitrate reduction can stimulate the development of the roots, and improve the yield and the quality of the Brass/ca campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.). The ratio of the nitrogen content in the MP, the urea and the nitrate is 2.93: 7: 10, which is the optimum ratio. Compared with the control treatment, the yield of the Brass/ca campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.) is increased by 27.65%, the chlorophyll content and the VC content are increased by 71.25% and 34.91% respectively, and the nitrate accumulation amount is reduced by 9.66% according to the ratio.
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[9] Zhou Y P, Xu F P. Liu X J. et al. Treating ammonia nitrogen wastewater using a biological aerated filter' J1. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2016, 35(8):98-100+104.
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The present invention provides the hydroponic nutrient solution of the vegetable and the application idea and method thereof There are many methods and ways to realize the technical solutions, and the above is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skills in the art, several improvements and decorations may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and decorations should also be regarded as falling within the scope of protection of the present invention. AE unspecified components in the embodiments may be implemented in the prior art.
-12 -
Claims (10)
- Claims: 1. A hydroponic nutrient solution of vegetable, comprising urea peroxide, urea and potassium nitrate, wherein a mass ratio of nitrogen in the urea peroxide, the urea and the potassium nitrate is 1 to 3: 7 to 9: 10.
- 2. The hydroponic nutrient solution of vegetable according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogen in the urea peroxide, the urea and the potassium nitrate is 2.9 to 3: 7: 10.
- 3. The hydroponic nutrient solution of vegetable according to claim 2, wherein a formula of the hydroponic nutrient solution of vegetable comprises: 808 mg/L potassium nitrate, 153 mg/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 493 mg/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 168 mg/L urea, 444 mg/L calcium chloride, 110.4 mg/L urea peroxide, 25 mg/L Fe-EDTA, 2.86 mg/L H2B03, 0.22 mg/L ZnSO4.7H20, 0.08 mg/L CuSO4-7H20, 2.13 mg/L MnSO4-4H90, and 0.025 mg/L (NE14)6Mo024.4H20.
- 4. The hydroponic nutrient solution of vegetable according to any one of claims I to 3, wherein the vegetable is a green vegetable
- 5. The hydroponic nutrient solution of vegetable according to claim 4, wherein the vegetable is 13rassicet campestris ssp. Chinensis (L.).
- 6. A preparation method of the hydroponic nutrient solution of the vegetable according to claim 3, wherein the hydroponic nutrient solution is prepared according to the following formula: 808 mg/L potassium nitrate, 153 mg/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 493 mg/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 168 mg/L urea, 444 mg/L calcium chloride, 110.4 mg/L urea peroxide, 25 mg/L Fe.EDTA, 2.86 mg/L H2B03, 0.22 mg/L ZnSO4-7H20, 0.08 mg/L CuSO4-7H20, 2.13 mg/L MnSO4-4H20, and 0.025 mg/L (NR4)6Mo024-4H20, and then a pH value is adjusted to 5.8 with 1 mol/L of sodium hydroxide solution.
- 7. An application of the hydroponic nutrient solution of vegetable according to any one of claims Ito 3 in vegetable cultivation.
- 8. An application of the hydroponic nutrient solution of the vegetable according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in increasing a vegetable yield and improving a vegetable quality.
- 9. The application according to claim 8, wherein the improving the vegetable quality refers to increasing a chlorophyll content in the vegetable, and/or increasing a Vitamin C (VC) content in the vegetable, and/or reducing a nitrate accumulation amount in the vegetable.
- 10. The application according to claim 9, wherein the vegetable is a green vegetable.
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