GB2595839A - Sharing redundant regulator phases within phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus - Google Patents
Sharing redundant regulator phases within phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2595839A GB2595839A GB2114614.7A GB202114614A GB2595839A GB 2595839 A GB2595839 A GB 2595839A GB 202114614 A GB202114614 A GB 202114614A GB 2595839 A GB2595839 A GB 2595839A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- regulator
- output
- group
- spare
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
Abstract
A phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus (300) includes groups (374, 376) of regulator phases (126A, 126B, 126C), each having a multi-phase controller (MFC) (122) connected to each regulator phase (126A, 126B, 126C). The MFC (122) transfers, to control logic (366), phase fault signals (308A, 310A, 308B, 310B) and one of a pulse- width modulation (PWM) and a shared current (I SHARE) phase control signal (304A, 306A, 304B, 306B) received from the regulator phases (126A, 126B, 126C) of a phase group (374, 376). Spare regulator phases (227A, 227B) include output ORing devices (118, 118A) to limit current flow into spare regulator phase outputs (204, 206). Output switching devices (217, 219) are configured to electrically couple spare regulator phase outputs (204, 206) to a common regulator output (V1, V2). Control logic (366) is connected to the MFCs (122) and asserts phase enable signals (316A, 316B, 318A, 318B) to, transfers the phase control signals (304A, 306A, 304B, 306B) to, and receives phase fault signals (312A,312B) from the spare regulator phases (227 A, 227B). The control logic (366) electrically interconnects a spare regulator phase (227A, 227B) to a phase group (374, 376) including a failed regulator phase in response to receiving a phase fault signal (308A, 310A, 308B, 310B) from an MFC (122).
Claims (20)
1. A phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus comprising: a plurality of regulator phases, each including a regulator electrically coupled to receive, at a regulator input, an input voltage and provide, at a regulator output, a respective output voltage; a set of phase groups of the plurality of regulator phases including a first and a second phase group, each phase group including; a common regulator input electrically interconnected to regulator inputs of regulators of the phase group; a common regulator output electrically interconnected to regulator outputs of regulators of the phase group; at least one redundant regulator phase; a multi-phase controller (MPC) electrically coupled to each regulator phase of the phase group, the MPC configured to transfer, to control logic, phase fault signals and one of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) and a shared current (ISHARE) phase control signal received from each regulator phase of a respective phase group; and a set of spare regulator phases of the plurality of regulator phases including a first and a second spare regulator phase, each spare regulator phase including: a secondary output ORing device electrically coupled and configured to limit current flow into a secondary output of the spare regulator phase; a first output switching device configured to, in response to a first phase enable signal, electrically couple the regulator output of the spare regulator phase to a first common regulator output; and a second output switching device configured to, in response to a second phase enable signal, electrically couple the regulator output of the spare regulator phase to a second common regulator output; and control logic, electrically connected to: MPCs of each phase group of the set of phase groups, the control logic configured to receive the phase control signals from, and exchange phase fault signals with the MPCs; and spare regulator phases of the set of spare regulator phases, the control logic configured to assert phase enable signals to, transfer the phase control signals to, and receive phase fault signals from the spare regulator phases; the control logic configured to, in response to receiving a phase fault signal from an MPC, electrically interconnect a spare regulator phase to a phase group that includes a failed regulator phase.
2. The phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus of claim 1 , each regulator phase of the plurality of regulator phases further including: a phase-redundant controller (PRC) configured to monitor current at the regulator input and further configured to monitor current and voltage at the regulator output; an output ORing device configured to limit current flow into a primary output of a respective regulator phase; and an input protection device configured to provide, in response to a control signal from the PRC, input overcurrent protection and output overvoltage protection to the respective regulator phase.
3. The phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the MPC of each phase group is further configured to: receive a feedback output voltage and receive a respective detected current signal from each regulator phase of the phase group; generate PWM or ISHARE control signals to sequentially activate each regulator phase of the phase group for predetermined periods of time, the control signals managing controlled current-sharing between phases; and maintain, following a failure of one or more regulator phase of the phase group, current-sharing between all active regulator phases of the phase group.
4. The phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each control signal is a digital signal that represents, through a series of pulse widths, a duty cycle/activation time of at least one regulator phase
5. The phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the output ORing device and the secondary output ORing device are each selected from the group consisting of: an N-channel field-effect transistor (NFET), a P-channel field-effect transistor (PFET), an NPN transistor, and a PNP transistor.
6. The phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a regulator serial interface of an MPC is coupled to a system control function through a serial control bus selected from the group consisting of: an Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) interface, a Power Management Bus (PMBus) interface, and an Inter-Integrated Circuit (l2C) interface.
7. The phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first phase group of the set of phase groups is configured to maintain current sharing.
8. A phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus comprising: a plurality of regulator phases, each including a regulator electrically coupled to receive, at a regulator input, an input voltage and provide, at a regulator output, a respective output voltage; a set of phase groups of the plurality of regulator phases including a first and a second phase group, each phase group including; a common regulator input electrically interconnected to regulator inputs of regulators of the phase group; a common regulator output electrically interconnected to regulator outputs of regulators of the phase group; and at least one redundant regulator phase; and a multi-phase controller (MPC) electrically coupled to each regulator phase of the phase group, the MPC configured to transfer, to control logic, phase fault signals and one of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) and a shared current (ISHARE) phase control signal received from each regulator phase of a respective phase group; and a set of spare regulator phases of the plurality of regulator phases including a first and a second spare regulator phase, each spare regulator phase including: a secondary output ORing field-effect transistor (FET) electrically coupled between the regulator output and a secondary output of the spare regulator; a second comparator having inputs electrically connected to a source terminal and to a drain terminal of the secondary output ORing FET, the second comparator further having an output electrically connected to a gate terminal of the secondary output ORing FET, the second comparator configured to, in conjunction with the secondary output ORing FET, limit current flow into the secondary output of the spare regulator phase; a first output switching FET electrically connected and configured to, in response to a first phase enable signal, electrically couple the regulator output of the spare regulator phase to a first common regulator output; a second output switching FET connected and configured to, in response to a second phase enable signal, electrically couple the regulator output of the spare regulator phase to a second common regulator output; and control logic, electrically connected to: MPCs of each phase group of the set of phase groups, the control logic configured to receive phase control signals from, and exchange phase fault signals with the MPCs; and spare regulator phases of the set of spare regulator phases, the control logic configured to assert phase enable signals to, transfer phase control signals to, and receive phase fault signals from the spare regulator phases; the control logic configured to, in response to receiving a phase fault signal from an MPC, electrically interconnect a spare regulator phase to a phase group that includes a failed regulator phase.
9. The phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus of claim 8, each regulator phase of the plurality of regulator phases further including: a phase-redundant controller (PRC) configured to monitor current at the regulator input and further configured to monitor current and voltage at the regulator output; an output ORing FET electrically coupled between a primary output of the regulator and the common regulator output; a first comparator having inputs electrically connected to a source terminal and to a drain terminal of the output ORing FET, the first comparator further having an output electrically connected to a gate terminal of the output ORing FET, the comparator configured to, in conjunction with the output ORing FET, limit current flow into the primary output of a respective regulator phase; an input protection FET coupled between the common regulator input and a regulator input of the regulator; and a latch having an output electrically connected to a gate terminal of the input protection FET, the latch configured to, in conjunction with the input protection FET, provide input overcurrent protection and output overvoltage protection to the respective regulator phase.
10. The phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus of claim 9, wherein the MPC of each phase group is further configured to: receive a feedback output voltage and receive a respective detected current signal from each regulator phase of the phase group; generate PWM or ISHARE control signals to sequentially activate each regulator phase of the phase group for predetermined periods of time, the control signals managing controlled current-sharing between phases; and maintain, following a failure of one or more regulator phase of the phase group, current-sharing between all active regulator phases of the phase group.
11. The phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus of claim 8, wherein each control signal is a digital signal that represents, through a series of pulse widths, a duty cycle/activation time of at least one regulator phase
12. The phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus of claim 8, wherein a regulator serial interface of an MPC is coupled to a system control function through a serial control bus selected from the group consisting of: an Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) interface, a Power Management Bus (PMBus) interface, and an Inter-Integrated Circuit (l2C) interface.
13. The phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first phase group of the set of phase groups is configured to maintain current sharing.
14. A method for sharing a set of redundant spare regulator phases between phase groups of regulator phases, the method comprising using control logic configured to, in response to monitoring phase fault signals received from the phase groups: assert, to a first spare regulator phase of the set of redundant spare regulator phases, in response to detecting a phase single-fault signal from a first phase group, a phase enable signal that electrically couples an output of the first spare regulator phase to a common regulator output of the first phase group; send, to the first spare regulator phase, one of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) and a shared current (ISHARE) phase control signal received from a multi-phase controller (MPC) of the first phase group; electrically connect a phase fault signal from the first spare regulator phase to the MPC of the first phase group; discontinue, in response to detecting the phase single-fault signal from the first phase group, monitoring the phase single-fault signal; store, into a non-volatile memory within the control logic, an association between the first spare regulator phase and the common regulator output of the first phase group; assert, to a second spare regulator phase of the set of redundant spare regulator phases, in response to detecting an additional phase fault signal from a supplementary phase group, a phase enable signal that electrically couples an output of the second spare regulator phase to a common regulator output of the supplementary phase group; send, to the second spare regulator phase, a phase control signal received from an MPC of the supplementary phase group; electrically connect a phase fault signal from the second spare regulator phase to the MPC of the supplementary phase group; discontinue, in response to detecting the additional phase fault signal from the supplementary phase group, monitoring the additional phase fault signal; store, into the non-volatile memory, an association between the second spare regulator phase and the common regulator output of the supplementary phase group; and send, in response to outputs of all of the redundant spare regulator phases being electrically coupled to common regulator outputs of the phase groups, a system notification requesting a regulator replacement operation.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the supplementary phase group is selected from the group consisting of: a first phase group, and a second phase group.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein a current delivery capacity of each regulator phase within a phase group is specified to result in delivery of a specified cumulative output current of the phase group following a failure of one regulator phase within a phase group.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein a current delivery capacity of each regulator phase within a phase group is specified to result in delivery of a specified cumulative output current of the phase group following a failure of at least two regulator phases within a phase group.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first spare regulator phase is configured to output a voltage selected from the group consisting of: a first voltage, and a second voltage.
19. The method of claim 14, wherein the additional phase fault signal is selected from the group consisting of: single-fault signal, a double-fault signal, and a spare fault signal.
20. The method of claim 14, wherein the system notification requesting a regulator replacement operation is selected from the group consisting of: an email message, a text message, a console message, and a voicemail message.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16/364,782 US10566903B1 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2019-03-26 | Sharing redundant regulator phases within a phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus |
| US16/364,748 US10606295B1 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2019-03-26 | Sharing redundant regulator phases within a phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus |
| PCT/IB2020/052380 WO2020194119A1 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2020-03-16 | Sharing redundant regulator phases within phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB202114614D0 GB202114614D0 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
| GB2595839A true GB2595839A (en) | 2021-12-08 |
| GB2595839B GB2595839B (en) | 2022-04-13 |
Family
ID=72611159
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2114614.7A Active GB2595839B (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2020-03-16 | Sharing redundant regulator phases within phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7394864B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN113632358A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112020001503T5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2595839B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2020194119A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11750079B2 (en) | 2020-12-10 | 2023-09-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Voltage regulation module with adaptive spare converters |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5682303A (en) * | 1993-12-08 | 1997-10-28 | International Powersystems | Reconfigurable thin-profile switched-mode power conversion array and method of operating the same |
| US6301133B1 (en) * | 1999-04-07 | 2001-10-09 | Astec International Limited | Power supply system with ORing element and control circuit |
| CN102545630A (en) * | 2012-01-04 | 2012-07-04 | 浙江大学 | Multi-module combined converter with recycling cross rectification function |
| CN108599540A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-09-28 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of redundancy structure of cascaded H-bridges Three-phase electronic power transformer |
| US10566903B1 (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-02-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Sharing redundant regulator phases within a phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2614932B2 (en) * | 1990-05-10 | 1997-05-28 | 甲府日本電気株式会社 | Parallel operation power supply controller |
| US6031743A (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-02-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Fault isolation in a redundant power converter |
| US6650556B2 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2003-11-18 | Intel Corporation | Multi-phase DC—DC converter |
| JP2007288846A (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2007-11-01 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | Multi-output power supply system |
| US9030047B2 (en) | 2012-06-08 | 2015-05-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Controlling a fault-tolerant array of converters |
| JP2014204572A (en) | 2013-04-05 | 2014-10-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | Power supply device and image forming apparatus |
| JP2017055590A (en) | 2015-09-10 | 2017-03-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Power supply |
-
2020
- 2020-03-16 GB GB2114614.7A patent/GB2595839B/en active Active
- 2020-03-16 JP JP2021553840A patent/JP7394864B2/en active Active
- 2020-03-16 CN CN202080022114.XA patent/CN113632358A/en active Pending
- 2020-03-16 WO PCT/IB2020/052380 patent/WO2020194119A1/en active Application Filing
- 2020-03-16 DE DE112020001503.3T patent/DE112020001503T5/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5682303A (en) * | 1993-12-08 | 1997-10-28 | International Powersystems | Reconfigurable thin-profile switched-mode power conversion array and method of operating the same |
| US6301133B1 (en) * | 1999-04-07 | 2001-10-09 | Astec International Limited | Power supply system with ORing element and control circuit |
| CN102545630A (en) * | 2012-01-04 | 2012-07-04 | 浙江大学 | Multi-module combined converter with recycling cross rectification function |
| CN108599540A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-09-28 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of redundancy structure of cascaded H-bridges Three-phase electronic power transformer |
| US10566903B1 (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-02-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Sharing redundant regulator phases within a phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112020001503T5 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
| JP2022525072A (en) | 2022-05-11 |
| GB2595839B (en) | 2022-04-13 |
| JP7394864B2 (en) | 2023-12-08 |
| WO2020194119A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
| CN113632358A (en) | 2021-11-09 |
| GB202114614D0 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US9846469B2 (en) | Fault tolerant power supply incorporating intelligent load switch to provide uninterrupted power | |
| US9705395B2 (en) | Fault tolerant power supply incorporating intelligent gate driver-switch circuit to provide uninterrupted power | |
| JP4138664B2 (en) | Multi-cellular DC / DC voltage converter with protection switch | |
| US9214833B1 (en) | Redundant charging and discharging MOSFET driving in battery backup system | |
| US7851945B2 (en) | System and method of providing power | |
| US20040095021A1 (en) | Power distributor | |
| EP2686943B1 (en) | Gate control circuit, power module and associated method | |
| CN111512555A (en) | Flexible bootstrapping for power electronic circuits | |
| US11368101B2 (en) | Power conversion system | |
| US10606295B1 (en) | Sharing redundant regulator phases within a phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus | |
| US10566903B1 (en) | Sharing redundant regulator phases within a phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus | |
| JP2019195249A (en) | Vehicle power supply system | |
| US10958175B2 (en) | Adding a voltage level to a phase-redundant regulator level | |
| GB2595839A (en) | Sharing redundant regulator phases within phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus | |
| US20040051383A1 (en) | Switching mode current limiting power controller circuit | |
| EP3576344B1 (en) | Powered device used for power over ethernet | |
| WO2020137507A1 (en) | Conduction control device and power supply system | |
| GB2596735A (en) | Reallocation of regulator phases within a phase-redundant voltage regulator apparatus | |
| JP2016092990A (en) | Storage battery charger discharger | |
| EP3996225B1 (en) | Power supply switching control system | |
| EP3493342A1 (en) | Safety system for motor drive | |
| CN115776103A (en) | Low-power-consumption input reverse connection prevention function control circuit | |
| JP2001177387A (en) | Load driver | |
| EP3242390B1 (en) | Power control apparatus for sub-module of mmc converter | |
| EP3786735B1 (en) | Current limiting circuit and method for output modules |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 746 | Register noted 'licences of right' (sect. 46/1977) |
Effective date: 20220504 |