GB2590769A - Thermal insulation cladding of the outer wall of a building with increased resistance to fire risk and the panel for making such cladding - Google Patents
Thermal insulation cladding of the outer wall of a building with increased resistance to fire risk and the panel for making such cladding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2590769A GB2590769A GB2016421.6A GB202016421A GB2590769A GB 2590769 A GB2590769 A GB 2590769A GB 202016421 A GB202016421 A GB 202016421A GB 2590769 A GB2590769 A GB 2590769A
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- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- panels
- insulation
- mesh
- inner panel
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006248 expandable polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005713 exacerbation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002937 thermal insulation foam Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
- E04C2/22—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics reinforced
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
- E04B1/7625—Details of the adhesive connection of the insulation to the wall
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
- E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
- E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/40—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of a number of smaller components rigidly or movably connected together, e.g. interlocking, hingedly connected of particular shape, e.g. not rectangular of variable shape or size, e.g. flexible or telescopic panels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
A fire resistant cladding system has heat resistant beams embedded in a layer of insulation panels along lintels of window and door openings. The system incorporates a cuboid insulation panel of foamed polymer such as polystyrene, having a height, a width and a depth, and having a two layered structure formed from three cuboid panels. The three panels comprise an inner panel and two outer panels, the inner panel having height and width matching those of the insulation panel, and the two outer panels having heights which sum to the height of the insulation panel and together covering the major surface of the inner panel. Joints between the three panels in the insulation panel are formed from non-flammable adhesive mortar reinforced by two sheets of fibreglass mesh, a first sheet of the mesh extending between the inner panel and both outer panels and a second sheet of the mesh extending between the inner panel, one of the outer panels and the joint between the two outer panels. Sheets of the inner (5a) and outer mesh (5b) end with free strips (5c and 5d) protruding after bending the insulation panel (3) outside over a distance with a width of no less than the thickness (g) of the inner panel (3a) and no less than 10 cm, and which, after folding on the outer edges of the side walls of the inner panel (3a) and the lower outer panel (3b), are embedded, respectively, in the joints (4) of the connection with the wall (1) and the façade layer (7).
Description
Thermal Insulation Cladding of the Outer Wall of a Building with Increased Resistance to Fire Risk and the Panel for Making Such Cladding The subject of the invention is thermal insulating cladding of the outer wall of a building with increased resistance to fire risk and a panel for making such cladding. The invention particularly applies to high-rise buildings occupied by a large number of people, where the convective effects of fire on the façade pose a threat to human life, especially in residential buildings, office buildings, shopping centres, hospitals, theatre and cinema buildings, and schools.
The base solution for this invention is the building thermal insulation technology abbreviated ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite System), which consists of attaching composite cladding to outer walls of the building, made up of cuboid insulating panels that generally are made from rigid thermoplastic polymer foam, in particular polystyrene, or mineral wool or polyurethane foam panels. The insulation panels adhere to each other to form a surface composed of horizontal layers with a staggered arrangement. The panels are connected to the walls of the building using adhesive mortar joints, and on the outside by a glue joint reinforced with fibreglass mesh with a wall coating -usually with textured plaster with a topcoat.
In case of a fire in a building with thermal insulation cladding made from polymer foam panels, flames emerging from the window openings along the vertical wall coating melt the material, and after a short period a funnel-like channel is formed between the wall and the coating, through which molten foam falls and flows, and flammable gases rise.
This may result in the rapid spread of fire on the upper floors of the building. Rigid polystyrene foam is most commonly used in the thermal cladding of buildings; this foam softens and shrinks at temperatures above 800 and during a fire flammable gaseous decomposition products are formed at temperatures above 350° C, while auto-ignition without the initiation via an external flame occurs at about 450° C. The basic solution to reduce the spread of fire on the façade is to cover the thermal insulation foam cladding from the bottom against direct flames coming from the inside through the window and door openings. For example, Austrian patents AT413714 and AT 7757U and European patent EP2746479 present solutions of heat-resistant beams which are mounted over the lintel of the door or window opening and adhere to the lower side surface of the insulation panels. The beams have a rectangular cross-sectional outline ended with a channel with a profile in the shape of letters "C", "U" or "L." The channel forms a mould for a refractory material filling the inner cavity, for example, lightweight refractory concrete or refractory mineral fibres. Preferably, the heat-resistant beam is attached with anchors to the wall of the building.
Further improvements with respect to increasing the fire resistance of the building involve the formation of partitions over the entire height of the building in the vertical layer of insulation panels, which eliminate the chimney effect, and collect molten foam from each panel, preventing the exacerbation of fire by the flowing melt. Examples of this include solutions shown in patents DE19643618 and EP2845959. In the panel according to DE19643618, the lower side wall of the insulation panel is covered with fibreglass mesh. Mesh on both sides of the insulation panel extends outside with free strips of a width of about 1/2 of the insulation panel's thickness, which after folding on the outer edges to the top are embedded, respectively, in the joints on the side of the building wall and the plaster wall coating. Fibreglass mesh is coated with a flame retardant, which in case of fire and the melting of the foam forms a tight partition.
The solution according to patent specification EP2845959 is a heat resistant barrier embedded in a layer of insulation panels using horizontal sections or along the whole perimeter of the building. The barrier's cross-section has a rectangular outline with a width equal to the thickness of the insulation panel and its top corner on the side of the building wall features a longitudinal recess cut out for the melted material.
The solution according to this invention aims to further slow down the spread of fire on a façade insulated with foam insulation panels and thus to extend the duration of the rescue operation from the outside of the building and using emergency equipment such as jumping cushions, tall ladders, self-propelled man lifts, or rescue cages lowered on ropes or from helicopters.
The thermal insulation cladding according to the invention has many state of the art features: ETICS layered thermal insulation using insulation panels made from hard thermoplastic polymer foam, in particular polystyrene, heat-resistant beams which are embedded horizontally in the layer of panels along the lintels of the window and door openings, a façade layer connected to the insulation panels by joints made from non- flammable adhesive mortar reinforced with fibreglass mesh. The cladding according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that the insulation panels have the structure of a two-layer composite made of three cuboid panels: the inner panel, the outer lower and outer upper panel, connected using vertical and horizontal joints, made from non-combustible adhesive mortar reinforced with fibreglass mesh. The inner panel has the same dimensions as the front of the insulation panel and the two outer panels cover its surface, diving the height of the insulation panel into the sum of the two heights of the outer panels. Joint reinforcement in the insulation panel is made of two fibreglass mesh sheets: the inner mesh embedded in the vertical joint between the inner panel and two outer panels, and bent over the edge of the upper side wall of the inner panel and embedded in the upper inner horizontal joint between vertically adjacent insulation panels of adjacent layers. The outer mesh is embedded in the vertical joints between the inner panel and the outer bottom panel, adjacent at this height to the inner mesh, and is folded on the edge of the upper side wall of the outer bottom panel and embedded in the outer horizontal centre joint. Inner and outer mesh sheets end with free strips projecting after folding outside the insulation panel to the size with a width of no less than the thickness of the inner panel and no less than 10 cm, and which after folding on the outer edges of the side walls of the inner panel and the outer bottom panel are embedded, respectively, in the joints of the connection with the wall and the façade layer.
It is advantageous when the upper surface of the heat-resistant beam that adheres to the lower side surfaces of the inner panel and the outer bottom panel is smooth and non-absorbable in regard to the molten polymer material. It consists of, in particular, the surface of the refractory cement coating with a fine-grained mineral filler. Such surface features are ensured by covering the heat-resistant beam with a rigid cement coating, which contains cement in the amount of 10 to 50% by weight, sand with a grain size < 1.0 mm -30 to 60% by weight, fine fillers from 0 to 20%, and modifying additives: cellulose thickener, polymer powders, defoamers, and set-control admixtures -in a total amount of 0.1 to 10.0% by weight.
In the heat insulating cladding according to the invention, a free strip of the inner mesh is folded up underneath the inner panel of the insulation panel located above, in the adjacent horizontal layer of panels. This does not refer to the free strip of the insulation panel located immediately below the lower edge of the window opening, which is folded down beneath the inner panel. The free mesh strip is folded on the outer upper panel and embedded in the vertical joints made from non-combustible adhesive mortar reinforced with fibreglass mesh, connecting the insulation panel with the wall coating.
The thermal-insulation panel intended for making the above-described cladding with increased resistance to fire risk has the known form of a cuboid panel made from a hard, foamed polymer. It is distinguished by the fact that it has the structure of two-layer composite made of three cuboid panels: the inner panel, the outer lower panel and the outer upper panel. The panels are combined using a vertical joint and the centre horizontal outer joint, made from non-combustible adhesive mortar reinforced with fibreglass mesh. The inner panel has the same dimensions as the front surface of the insulation panel and the two outer panels cover its surface, diving the height of the insulation panel into the sum of the two heights of the outer panels. Joint reinforcement in the insulation panel is made of two fibreglass mesh sheets: the inner mesh embedded in the vertical joint between the inner panel and two outer panels, and bent over the edge of the upper side wall of the inner panel and embedded in the upper inner horizontal joint. The outer mesh is embedded in the vertical joints between the inner panel and the outer bottom panel, adjacent at this height to the inner mesh, and is folded on the edge of the upper side wall of the outer bottom panel and embedded in the outer horizontal centre joint. Sheets of the inner and outer mesh end with free strips extending outside the insulation panel to a size with a width of no less than the thickness of the inner panel.
The structure of the thermal-insulation cladding made with the use of composite panels according to the invention (the three panels connected in two layers using vertical and horizontal joints, reinforced with fibre glass mesh) forms a multi-functional structural arrangement between the wall of the building and the wall coating during a fire. Horizontal joints eliminate the chimney effect in the space between the building wall and the wall coating, limiting the accumulation of combustible melt products. The layer of outer panels melts first, followed by the inner plates, the melted material is collected in two vertically offset pockets arranged in the spacing of the two layers. Free strips of the inner and outer mesh, wrapped and clamped in the joints underneath the inner panel of the top panel and to the wall coating form a stronger grid connection which, during a fire and melting of materials, prevents the rapid detachment of the façade layer from the wall -which would pose a high risk to the firefighters and firefighting equipment located below the building's wall.
The invention is an approximate description of an example of the thermal-insulation cladding and panel, shown in the drawing. Figure 1 shows a fragment of a vertical section through the external wall of a building insulated with panels made from foamed polystyrene, a section shown with the window opening, while Figure 2 shows a vertical section of the insulation panel according to the invention.
Thermal insulation panels are the basic elements of the external cladding of the building walls, characterised by increased resistance to fire, where the combined cladding layer of such panels attached to the building walls constitutes thermal insulation of internal spaces. Therefore, it is appropriate to first discuss the solution for the design of the thermal-insulation panel shown in the example in Figure 2. Insulation panel 3 has a shape of a cuboid panel made from a hard foamed polystyrene polymer, preferably comprising particles that do not conduct heat, for example graphite -which together make up the material with a thermal conductivity of A < 0.06 W/mK. Panel 3 has the structure of a two-layer composite made of three cuboid panels: the inner panel 3a with a thickness of 10 cm, and two outer panels, the bottom panel 3b and the upper panel 3c with a thickness of 5 cm. Panels 3a, 3b, 3c are bonded with a vertical joint 4a and a centre external horizontal joint 4c. Joints 4 having a thickness of about 3 mm are made from non-combustible mineral adhesive mortar in which reinforcement made from fibreglass mesh 5 is embedded. Inner panel 3a has the dimensions of the front surface of the insulation panel 3 and the two outer panels 3b and 3c cover its surface, dividing the height of the insulation panel H into the two heights h of the outer panels 3b and 3c, preferably having a size of H/2. Reinforcement of joints 4 in the insulation panel 3 is made of two sheets of fibreglass mesh 5. Inner mesh 5a is embedded in the vertical joint 4a between the inner panel 3a and two outer panels 3h and 3c, it is folded on the upper edge of the side wall of the inner panel 3a and embedded in the upper inner horizontal joint 4b. Outer mesh 5b is embedded in the vertical joint 4a between the inner panel 3a and the outer bottom panel 3b, abutting at the height h to the inner mesh 5a and is bent on the upper edge of the side wall of the outer panel 3b and embedded in the outer horizontal centre joint 4c. Sheets of the inner mesh 5a and outer mesh 5b are ended with free strips Sc and 5d protruding after folding outside the insulation panel 3 at a width of no less than the thickness g of the inner panel 3a.
The thermal insulation cladding according to the invention, shown in Figure 1, in the form of a fragment of a vertical section of an example of the implementation of the outer wall of the hospital building with a height of 24 m, has a layer of the cladding attached to the wall 1 made up of cuboid insulation panels 3 made from rigid polystyrene polymer foam. The panels which adhere to one another are arranged in horizontal layers in a staggered arrangement and connected with the walls 1 of the building by joints 4 made from non-combustible adhesive mortar. Heat-resistant beams 6 with a rectangular cross-sectional outline, fixed horizontally with anchors Sc to the wall 1 of the building along the lintels of the window and door openings 2, are embedded into the layer of insulation panels 3. The heat-resistant beams may have a segment length symmetrically greater than the width of the window 2 and door opening, or may have the form of a circumferential strip covering the external walls of the building. The top surface 6a of the heat-resistant beam 6, which is adjacent to the lower side surfaces of the inner panel 3a and the outer bottom panel 3b, is smooth and non-absorbent in regard to the molten polymer material from the insulation panels 3. The top surface 6a of the heat-resistant beam 6 is made up of a rigid refractory cement coating 6b, which in this implementation contains cement in the amount of 26% by weight, sand with a grain size < 0.6 mm -52 % by weight, anhydrite powder -5% by weight, quartz powder -15%, and additives: cellulose thickener, polymer powders, defoamers, and set-control admixtures -in a total amount of 2.0% by weight. A sample of cement mortar with this composition has a compressive strength of 22 MPa and bending strength of 6 MPa. The outer layer of the heat-resistant beam 6 is a piece made from pressed mineral wool fibres with a rectangular profile, attached to the wall with anchors 6c. The interior of the piece is filled with light concrete, foamed glass or mineral wool.
Façade layer 7 made from structural plaster is attached to the outer panels 3b and 3c of the layer of insulation panels 3 through the joints 4 made from non-combustible adhesive mortar reinforced with fibreglass mesh 5.
Sheets of the inner mesh 5a and outer mesh 5b are ended with free strips 5c and 5d protruding after folding outside the insulation panel 3 at a width of 10 cm, greater than the thickness of the inner panel 5a. After bending over the outer edges of the side walls of the inner panel 3a and the bottom outer panel 3b, the free strips 5c and 5d are embedded, respectively, in the joints 4 that form the connection with the wall 1 and with the wall coating 7. Except for the insulation panel 3 positioned under the lower edge of the window opening 2, whose free strip of inner mesh 5c is bent downwards underneath the inner panel 3a, all the other free strips of the inner meshes 5c are bent upwards underneath the inner panel 3a located above the insulation panel 3. Free strips of the outer mesh 5d are folded onto the top outer plate 3c, and embedded in the vertical joint 4 made from non-combustible adhesive mortar reinforced with fibreglass mesh 5, connecting the insulation panel 3 with the wall coating 7.
In the implementation of the thermal-insulation cladding invention, after reaching the melting temperature of the material, the horizontal upper inner joint 4b and the centre outer joint 4c ended with free strips 5c and 5d bent upwards form partition pockets in the shape of "U"; this limits the vertical movement of combustible gases and the falling of flaming droplets of molten materials and forms a grid arrangement that transfers the load of the insulation layer with an additional effect of preventing the rapid tearing off and falling on people and equipment in the immediate area of the burning building.
List of reference numerals in the figures 1. Building wall 2. Window or door opening 3. Insulation panel 3a. Inner panel 3b. Bottom outer panel 3c. Top outer panel 4. Joint 4a. Vertical joint 4b. Top horizontal inner joint 4c. Centre horizontal outer joint 5. Fibreglass mesh 5a. Inner mesh 5b. Outer mesh 5c. Inner mesh free strip 5d. Outer mesh free strip 6. Heat-resistant beam 6a. Top surface 6b. Cement coating 6c. Beam anchor 7. Façade layer H. height of the insulation panel h. height of the outer panel g. thickness of the inner panel
Claims (5)
- CLAIMS: 1. Thermal insulation cladding of the outer wall of a building with increased fire resistance, containing a cladding layer attached to the walls (1) of the building, composed of cuboid insulation panels (3) made from foamed thermoplastic polymer, especially polystyrene, wherein these panels adhere to each other forming horizontal layers in a staggered arrangement and are connected to the walls (1) of the building through joints (4) made from adhesive mortar, and wherein this layer of the insulation panels (3) features built-in heat-resistant beams (6) with a rectangular cross-sectional contour, fixed horizontally with anchors (6c) to the wall (1) of the building along lintels of window (2) and door openings, having a symmetrically larger length than the width of the window (2) or door opening, also having a wall coating (7) connected with the insulation panels (3) through the joints (4) made from non-flammable adhesive mortar reinforced with a fibreglass mesh (5), characterised in that the insulation panels (3) have a structure of two-layer composite made of three cuboid panels: inner panel (3a), outer bottom panel (3b) and outer upper panel (3c), joined with vertical (4a) and horizontal (4b) joints, made from non-flammable adhesive mortar reinforced with the fibreglass mesh (5), and of which the inner panel (3a) has the dimensions of the front surface of the insulation panel (3), and the two outer panels (3b and 3c) cover its surface, dividing the height of the insulation panel (H) into the sum of two heights (h) of the outer panels (3b and 3c), whereas the reinforcement of the joints (4) in the insulation panel (3) is made of two sheets of the fibreglass mesh (5): an inner mesh (5a) embedded in the vertical joint (4a), between the inner panel (3a) and the two outer panels (3b and 3c) and folded at the edge of the upper side wall of the inner panel (3a) and embedded in the upper horizontal inner joint (4b) between vertically adjacent insulating panels (3) of adjacent layers, while an outer mesh (5b) is embedded in the vertical joint (4a) between the inner panel (3a) and the outer bottom panel (3b), adhering at this height (h) to the internal mesh (5a), and it is folded at the edge of the upper side wall of the bottom outer panel (3b) and embedded in the central external horizontal joint (4c), whereas the sheets of the internal (5a) and external (5b) meshes end with free strips (Sc and 5d) which, after folding, protrude outside the insulating panel (3) to a width of no less than the thickness (g) of the inner panel (3a) and no less than 10 cm, and which, when folded at the outer edges of the side walls of the inner panel (3a) and the outer bottom panel (3b), are embedded in the joints (4) of the connection with the wall (1) and with the facade layer (7), respectively.
- 2. The building cladding of claim 1, characterised in that the upper surface (6a) of the heat-resistant beam (6), which is adjacent to the lower side surfaces of the inner panel (3a) and the bottom outer panel (3b), is smooth and does not absorb molten polymeric material, and it is in particular the surface of a refractory cement coating (6b) with a fine-grained mineral filler.
- 3. The building cladding of claim 2, characterised in that the cement coating (6b) contains cement in the amount of 10 to 50% by weight, sand with a grain size < 1.0 mm: 30 to 60% by weight, fine fillers from 0.0 to 20% by weight, and modifying additives: cellulose thickener, polymer powders, defoamers, and setting time control agents in a total amount of 0.1 to 10.0% by weight.
- 4. The building cladding of claim 1, characterised in that the free strip of the inner mesh (5c) is folded upwards under the inner panel (3a) located above the insulation panel (3), with the exception of the insulation panel (3) located under the lower edge of the window opening (2), whose free strip of the inner mesh (5c) is folded down under the inner panel (3a), while the free strip of the outer mesh (5d) is folded onto the outer upper panel (3c) and embedded in the vertical joint (4) made from non-combustible adhesive mortar reinforced with the fibreglass mesh (5), connecting the insulation panel (3) with the wall coating (7).
- 5. The thermal-insulation panel for external walls of a building with increased fire resistance, in the form of a cuboid panel made of hard foamed polymer, especially polystyrene, characterised in that it has a structure of two-layer composite made of three cuboid panels: inner panel (3a), outer bottom panel (3b) and outer upper panel (3c), joined with the vertical joint (4a) and the central horizontal inner joint (4b), made from non-flammable adhesive mortar and reinforced with the fibreglass mesh (5), and of which the inner panel (3a) has the dimensions of the front surface of the insulation panel (3), and the two outer panels (3b and 3c) cover its surface dividing the height of the insulation panel (H) into the sum of two heights (h) of the outer panels (3b and 3c), wherein the reinforcement of the joints (4) in the insulation panel (3) is made of two sheets of the fibreglass mesh (5) : the inner mesh (5a) embedded in the vertical joint (4a), between the inner panel (3a) and the two outer panels (3b and 3c), and folded on the edge of the upper side wall of the inner panel (3a) and embedded in the upper horizontal inner joint (4b), while the outer mesh (5b) is embedded in the vertical joint (4a) between the inner panel (3a) and the outer bottom panel (3b), adhering at this height (h) to the inner mesh (5a), and it is folded at the edge of the upper side wall of the bottom outer panel (3b) and embedded in the central outer horizontal joint (4c), with the sheets of the inner (5a) and outer (5b) meshes ending with free strips (5c and 5d), which, after folding, protrude outside the insulation panel (3) to a width of no less than the thickness (g) of the inner panel (3a) and no less than 10 cm.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL431524A PL243481B1 (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2019-10-18 | Thermal insulation cladding of the outer wall of a building with increased resistance to fire risk and a panel for making such cladding |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB202016421D0 GB202016421D0 (en) | 2020-12-02 |
| GB2590769A true GB2590769A (en) | 2021-07-07 |
| GB2590769B GB2590769B (en) | 2023-08-09 |
Family
ID=73598422
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2016421.6A Active GB2590769B (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2020-10-16 | Thermal insulation cladding of the outer wall of a building with increased resistance to fire risk and the panel for making such cladding |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2590769B (en) |
| PL (1) | PL243481B1 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1602789A1 (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2005-12-07 | Chi Wai Cheng | A composite sandwich wall panel |
| WO2016025987A2 (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-25 | Bfre Pty Ltd As Trustee | Insulated and prefinished wall panel and wall cladding assembly |
-
2019
- 2019-10-18 PL PL431524A patent/PL243481B1/en unknown
-
2020
- 2020-10-16 GB GB2016421.6A patent/GB2590769B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1602789A1 (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2005-12-07 | Chi Wai Cheng | A composite sandwich wall panel |
| WO2016025987A2 (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-25 | Bfre Pty Ltd As Trustee | Insulated and prefinished wall panel and wall cladding assembly |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL431524A1 (en) | 2021-04-19 |
| GB2590769B (en) | 2023-08-09 |
| GB202016421D0 (en) | 2020-12-02 |
| PL243481B1 (en) | 2023-09-04 |
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