EP3580399B1

EP3580399B1 - Facade for a building, process for producing a facade and construction set for a facade of a building

Info

Publication number: EP3580399B1
Application number: EP18702699.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Roman Rupp; Markus Schröder; Holger Michael RÖTZSCHKE
Original assignee: Rockwool AS
Current assignee: Rockwool AS
Priority date: 2017-02-08
Filing date: 2018-02-02
Publication date: 2023-08-23
Anticipated expiration: 2038-02-02
Also published as: HUE063098T2; EP3580399C0; EP3580399A1; CN110520578A; PL3580399T3; WO2018146017A1; RU2720431C1

Description

The invention relates to a façade for a building comprising insulating elements fixed to the outer surface of a building, and at least one fire break arranged to extend horizontally between two superimposed and adjacent insulating elements and fixed to the outer surface of the building. The invention also relates to a process for producing such a façade on the outer surface of a building. The invention further relates to construction set for a façade of a building comprising insulating elements and at least one fire break for the horizontally extending arrangement between two superimposed and adjacent insulating elements.
Façades of the above-described type are known in prior art. There is disclosed for example in EP 1731685 A2 a rear-ventilated thermally insulated building façade which comprises a building wall and an insulating layer of a polymer foam material disposed on the building wall and respectively interrupted by a horizontally extending fire break at the level of an intermediate floor. There are provided a supporting structure disposed on the outside of the insulating layer and a façade cladding supported by said supporting structure. Between said façade cladding and the insulating layer having said fire breaks, a rear ventilation gap is formed in which a flame-arresting element extends in the region of the fire break over the entire width thereof, said flame-arresting element reducing the cross section of the rear ventilation gap in this region and thus preventing the flames from spreading from the underside of the fire break via said rear ventilation gap to the upper side of the fire break in case of fire.
Fire breaks are known in various forms in prior art. EP 2088253 A2 discloses such a fire break of a polyurethane foam and/or polyisocyanurate foam, wherein these fire breaks are particularly provided for External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) on buildings. External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems are different from the building façade described in EP 1731685 A2 particularly by the fact that a plaster system is directly applied to the insulating elements. Accordingly, no rear ventilation gap is provided between the façade cladding and the insulating layer. Plaster systems in External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems particularly comprise two plaster layers, wherein the plaster layer that is directly disposed on the insulating elements, a so-called basic plaster or reinforcing plaster, is usually reinforced with a glass fiber fabric netting. A final rendering or finishing coat is then applied to this basic plaster.
An alternative fire break is known from EP 2426284 A1 . This fire break is provided so as to expand in case of fire in order to reduce or prevent the fire from arcing from floor-to-floor and/or from room-to-room. As a result, this previously known fire break is a multilayer construction.
A further fire break is known from EP 2845959 A1 . This fire break is configured with an L-shaped cross section and thus forms a leave-out in a part between the building wall and the fire break when mounted to a façade as intended. This fire break is provided within an exterior insulation and finish system consisting of EPS hard-foam boards which melt in case of fire, wherein the dripping melt is flammable and thus combustible.
The requirements of structural works and building products concerning their arrangement, erection, modification and maintenance are defined and regulated by the construction law, whether in Germany or in other countries, particularly in European countries. These requirements generally serve to prevent the public order and security from being compromised. This particularly applies with view to fire prevention and the prevention or restriction of the spread of fire and smoke. A further aspect is to guarantee the rescue of people and efficient fire extinction. These protection principles form the basis of specific requirements of the construction law to the fire behavior of building materials and building components. Accordingly, there are specific fire-protection requirements for example to external wall claddings, including among others also External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) and rear-ventilated façades.
The result is that for example flame-retardant ETICSs using expanded polystyrene insulating materials (EPS) require fire breaks, depending on the protection zone and insulating thickness. A fire break for this use must consist of a material which is sufficiently dimensionally stable and non-combustible in case of fire. This applies for example to mineral wool of reaction to fire classes (Euroclasses) A1 or A2-s1, d0 according to DIN EN 13501-1:2010-01, having a corresponding bulk density and a corresponding melting point of > 1000°C according to DIN 4102-17:1990-12. Corresponding mineral wool products are regulated in the European Standard EN 13162:2015-04.
Fire breaks are installed particularly above windows, i. e. in the region of window lintels. This shall prevent that fire emerging from the interior of a building spreads via a window opening to exterior building elements that are combustible. Further, in multistorey buildings, fire breaks are respectively required above each floor, wherein these fire breaks are aligned to extend horizontally and continuously around the entire circumferential surface of the building. Such a fire break usually has a dimension in the direction of the surface normal of the building wall which substantially corresponds to the thickness of the insulation layer on the building wall such that a plane surface is provided in an External Thermal Insulation Composite System which is prepared for the application of the plaster system.
Even in rear-ventilated façades, it is usually provided that the fire break does not protrude over the external surface of the thermal and/or sound insulation that consists of individual insulating elements. This would possibly also prevent the intended air exchange via the ventilation gap.
It is increasingly required that for example energy lines, supply and/or discharge conduits such as downpipes for discharging precipitation water be integrated within the façade cladding. Such demands are for example the result of aesthetic requirements on part of the building owners and planners or simply also of the constantly increasing insulating thickness which makes the fixing of such lines and conduits in front of the façade cladding increasingly difficult and troublesome. Said energy lines, supply and/or discharge conduits are therefore fixed to the building wall and thereafter cladded with insulating elements. This however requires manual work, which is very cumbersome and also error-prone such that there is no guarantee that it complies with the fire protection requirements. Further, such energy lines, supply and/or discharge conduits cannot be installed at any distance apart from the building wall so that the corresponding fire breaks must be interrupted. This interruption is frequently not performed correctly and compliant with the requirements so that vulnerable regions are created in case of fire.
Based on this prior art, it is an object of the present invention to improve a façade for a building in a manner such that the above-mentioned drawbacks are avoided and that excellent fire protection is achieved along with an improved insulation by a façade that can be quickly and easily mounted while avoiding sources of error.
In a façade according to the invention, this object is achieved by providing the arrangement of an insulation element of non-combustible material, especially mineral wool, foam glass or mineral foam constructed as a molded body between two horizontally aligned adjacent insulating elements, which molded body substantially extends in the vertical direction of the outer surface of the building at least until the upper boundary of the fire break and particularly above and below said fire break. Such a molded body includes a cavity for receiving energy lines, supply and/or discharge conduits which extends in the longitudinal direction over the entire length thereof and is divided into two symmetrical parts along a separation plane, said parts respectively having two contact surfaces by which said parts rest against each other.
Even though the invention is described in the following with respect to an insulation element made of non-combustible mineral wool, other non-combustible insulation materials are within the scope of the invention, for example foam glass or mineral foam.
Accordingly, in the façade of the invention, a molded body is provided additionally to said fire break and said individual insulating elements for forming the insulation layer, said body substantially extending in the vertical direction of the outer surface of the building and including a cavity for receiving energy lines, supply and/or discharge conduits. For example, said cavity is provided for accommodating a rainwater downpipe, wherein said cavity preferably sealingly contacts the outer lateral surface of such a downpipe. Said molded body additionally penetrates the fire break and preferably extends at least until the upper boundary of the fire break, preferably upwardly and downwardly in both vertical directions.
Preferably, such a façade can be established from a construction set that comprises insulating elements, at least one fire break for a horizontally extending arrangement between two superimposed and adjacent insulating elements, and at least one insulation material element of non-combustible mineral wool constructed as a molded body. Said molded body is provided for the vertical arrangement between two horizontally aligned adjacent insulating elements and for the vertically aligned arrangement at least until the upper boundary of the fire break, particularly above and below the fire break. Said molded body includes at least one cavity for receiving energy lines and/or supply and discharge conduits which extends in the longitudinal direction over the entire length of said molded body and is divided into two symmetrical parts along a separation plane, said parts respectively having two contact surfaces by which said parts rest against each other.
According to the invention it is provided that such a façade can be produced by means of a process for producing a façade on the outer surface of a building, in which process an insulation material element of non-combustible mineral wool constructed as a molded body and including a cavity for receiving energy lines, supply and/or discharge conduits is disposed and particularly fixed to the outer surface of a building such as to extend in the vertical direction of the building whereby the molded body is divided into two symmetrical parts along a separation plane, said parts respectively having two contact surfaces by which said parts rest against each other. Thereafter, said insulating elements are fixed to the outer surface of the building for thermal and/or sound insulation. These insulating elements are continued as a rule to the outer surfaces of the molded body so that a sealing closure is achieved here. An adhesive can be additionally used, which connects the insulating elements to the molded body. Suitable adhesives are particularly fire-resistant adhesives or adhesives that eliminate water or expand in the case of fire, in order to provide a sealing closure.
After a certain number of insulating elements are mounted to the outer surface of the building, a horizontally extending fire break adjoining said molded body is fixed to the outer surface of the building at a pre-defined and/or prescribed position thereof. Preferably, a front surface of the fire break turned away from the outer surface of the building terminates flush with the surface of the molded body which is also turned away from the outer surface of the building.
The fire break is adhesively fixed with a crosscut end thereof to said molded body, particularly by using a fire-resistant adhesive mass so that the transition between the fire break and the molded body is constructed in a manner such as being sealed in the case of fire.
According to one feature of the process it is provided that a plaster system that particularly consists of a basic plaster or reinforcing plaster preferably including a reinforcement fabric, and of a final or finishing plaster is applied to the insulating elements and to the molded body and also to the fire break. Accordingly, a façade according to the invention can be configured as an External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS). However, it is possible as an alternative that a façade cladding arranged in front of and spaced from the insulating elements and the molded body and the fire break is fixed to the building under formation of a ventilation gap so that the façade according to the invention can also be constructed as a rear-ventilated façade.
According to the invention the façade of the invention is improved in such a way that the molded body is divided along a separation plane into two symmetrical parts which respectively have two contact surfaces by which the parts rest against each other. This construction has the advantage that the molded body can be easily mounted to an energy line, supply and/or discharging conduit already fixed to the building. For mounting said molded body, the two parts thereof are slid onto the line or conduit from two opposite directions until both contact surfaces abut each other. Additionally, an adhesive can be used for adhesively connecting these two parts of the molded body in the region of the contact surfaces thereof. In this case too, an adhesive should be preferred which is resistant in the case of fire at least over a prescribed period of time.
The separation plane of the molded body is preferably aligned parallel to the surface normal of the outer surface of the building. This facilitates mounting of said two parts of the molded body because they can be mounted parallel to the outer surface of a building. Naturally, said molded body can also comprise more than two parts. Dividing said molded body into four parts is also conceivable. This can be advantageous especially in confined mounting areas and also in the case of molded bodies having a higher weight because there are not necessarily needed two fitters for mounting.
The molded body consists of non-combustible mineral wool and preferably has a bulk density between 40 and 100 kg/m³, particularly between 60 and 80 kg/m³. On the one hand, this bulk density is sufficient for obtaining a sufficient rigidity of the molded body so that said molded body can be mounted without the risk of being damaged. On the other hand, these bulk densities in molded bodies of mineral wool exhibit an excellent fire behavior and also sufficient thermal and/or sound insulation properties.
According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that said molded body has an extension parallel to the outer surface of the building which amounts to the total of the diameter or length of the cavity aligned parallel to the outer surface of the building and the thickness of the material of the molded body (overlap) of at least 100 mm, preferably at least 150 mm, on both sides of the cavity. This ensures that in the case of fire especially the energy lines and the supply and/or discharge conduits disposed in said cavity are sufficiently surrounded by fire-resistant material so that this material in combination with the fire break reliably prevents a flashover to higher areas of the building. Here it should be considered that the previously mentioned downpipes are frequently made of a synthetic material so that these downpipes may constitute a fire load and require protection against the access of fire by means of said molded body. The cavity in said molded body is particularly formed with a round cross section. However, this cavity may also have a different cross-sectional shape, e. g. a square cross-sectional shape. Should the cross-sectional shape of the energy lines, supply and/or discharge conduits not correspond to the cross-sectional shape of the cavity in said non-combustible molded body, it is possible for example that gussets between the outer lateral surface of the energy lines, supply and/or discharge conduits and the inner lateral surface of the cavity are filled with non-combustible insulating material such as mineral fibers for example that are to be injected.
According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that said molded body is elasticized and thus predominantly configured in an elastically compressible manner at least in the region of its inner lateral surface of the cavity and/or in the region of its outer lateral surface applied against the outer surface of a building. This construction has the advantage that irregularities of the outer surface of the building can be compensated with said elasticized outer lateral surface of the molded body or the elasticized inner lateral surface of the cavity as well as irregularities of the line or conduit to be guided in said cavity, wherein these irregularities can already exist as a result of fixing elements used for fixing the line or conduit such as a downpipe for example to the outer surface of the building. Elasticized contact surfaces of said two symmetrical parts of the molded body can also serve for compensating thickness tolerances of the line or conduit to be guided or manufacturing tolerances of the molded body.
According to a first embodiment of the invention it is provided that the fire break joins the outer lateral surface of the molded body in a planar manner.
To be able to produce the molded body in a standardized manner, it can be provided that for compensating for larger insulating thicknesses an insulation board is arranged on one of the outer lateral surfaces of the molded body, especially on the outer lateral surface turned away from the outer surface of the building, which supplements the molded body so as to reach the required insulation material thickness in the façade so that the insulation board terminates flush with the surface of the insulating elements. The molded body constructed in this way can be produced as a standard element with uniform dimensions and can be supplemented by corresponding insulating boards to reach the required insulation material thickness in the façade. Of course, it is also possible to prepare molded bodies with different dimensions so that insulating boards for supplementation up to the required insulation material thickness are required only in exceptional cases.
According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that said molded body penetrates the fire break completely and is connected to and preferably adhered to the outer surface and/or fixed to it with mechanical fixing elements. Alternatively, the fire break, if mounted first, can be notched in the region of the line or conduit to be insulated and received by the molded body, wherein said molded body is also notched at the designated position so that these two notched regions of the fire break and the molded body are assembled to obtain and guarantee a good sealing effect against fire. Here it is possible to notch the molded body only in the region of the surface of the molded body facing the outer surface of the building. For improving the sealing effect, notches can be provided also in the lateral surfaces of the molded body which extend in the direction of the surface normal of the outer surface of the building so that the fire break also engages these regions.
For improving the sealing, an insulation board of mineral fibers corresponding to the outer lateral surface can be arranged between the molded body and the outer surface of the building. Preferably, said insulation board is elastically compressible and further preferably, said insulation board is formed in two parts. Such an insulation board can be mounted to the outer surface of the building prior to assembly in cases where the spacing of the line or conduit to be received in the molded body reaches a certain dimension that is larger than the material thickness of the molded body. Without such an insulation board, a point of discontinuity would be caused in the insulation which however could be compensated for by a corresponding insulation board. Said insulation board can be adhesively fixed to the outer surface of the building in a first step, prior to installing the molded body around the line or conduit. Alternatively, the molded body can be supplemented by a corresponding insulation board that is adhesively fixed to the molded body prior to its mounting.
It turned out to be advantageous if said molded body has a fiber orientation predominantly parallel to the surface normal of the outer surface of the building. On the one hand, this construction makes it easier to fix the molded body to the outer surface of the building because mechanical fixing elements in the region of the molded body may usually be omitted even at higher elevations of the building.
On the other hand, this fiber orientation in the molded body allows a greater flexibility of the molded body in the direction parallel to the outer surface of the building so that there is given an improved adjustability of the inner lateral surface to the line or conduit to be covered.
Preferably, the molded body is adhesively fixed to the fire break, and/or a fire-resistant and particularly plate-shaped element is disposed between the fire break and the molded body.
According to a further feature it is provided that the molded body is formed of individual sections or wefts that can be connected and particularly adhered to each other on the end face. The construction of the molded body from individual sections or wefts has the advantage that the individual elements of the molded body can be formed with a weight allowing these elements to be handled by one person. Also, with this construction, the molded body can be adjusted to different heights of the building.
Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the attached drawings. In the drawings it is shown by:

Fig. 1: a detail of a façade in a perspective view;
Fig. 2: a molded body with adjacent fire breaks in a perspective view;
Fig. 3: a molded body arranged on an outer wall of a building, with a fire break in sectional lateral view (vertical section);
Fig. 4: a first embodiment of a molded body in a plan view (horizontal section);
Fig. 5: a second embodiment of a molded body with adjacent fire breaks, in a plan view;
Fig. 6: a third embodiment of a molded body with adjacent fire breaks, in a plan view;
Fig. 7: a fourth embodiment of a molded body with adjacent fire breaks, in a plan view;
Fig. 8: one half of a molded body in a cross-sectional view;
Fig. 10: a molded body with adjacent fire breaks and insulating elements, in a front view;
Fig. 11: one half of a molded body in a perspective view;
Fig. 12: a molded body in a perspective view;
Fig. 13: the molded body according to Fig. 11 with a line or conduit arranged therein;
Fig. 14: the molded body according to Fig. 12 with a line or conduit arranged therein.

Fig. 1 shows a façade 1 for a building of which one building wall 2 is illustrated. Said façade 1 is constructed as an External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) and comprises plate-like insulating elements 3 that are fixed to an outer surface 4 of building wall 2. Fixing takes place by adhesive bonding to the outer surface 4 of building wall 2. Additionally, also mechanical fixing elements can be used, by means of which said insulating elements 3 are anchored in said building wall 2. In the present example, said insulating elements 3 are those of reaction to fire class E according to DIN EN 13501-1:2010-01, e. g. expanded polystyrene (EPS).
There can be seen in Fig. 1 an insulating element constructed as a molded body 5 formed of two symmetrical parts 5a and 5b that are assembled in such a manner that a cavity for receiving a discharge conduit, namely a downpipe 7 (compare Figs. 12 and 14), is produced. Said molded body 5 consists of non-combustible mineral wool, i.e. mineral fibers bonded with a binder, and has a bulk density of 80 kg/m³.
Two insulating elements 3 arranged in a row terminate in a planar manner and flush with the surface of the molded body 5 and form a surface on which a plaster system 8 is disposed. Further, Fig. 1 shows a fire break 9 fixed to the outer surface 4 of the building so as to extend horizontally between two superimposed and adjacent insulating elements 3. Said fire break 9 typically consists of non-combustible materials, particularly mineral wool, i. e. of mineral fiber bonded with a binder, for example stone fibers or glass fibers.
The fire break 9 is fixed to the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2 and extends from said outer surface 4 towards said plaster system 8. In this respect, said fire break 9 has a dimension from said outer surface 4 towards the surface normal of said outer surface 4 which corresponds to the thickness of the insulating elements 3 disposed on said outer surface 4 and accordingly to the insulating thickness of the ETICS. Thus, the fire break 9 also terminates flush with the outer surface 10 of the molded body 5. Further, the fire break 9 joins the lateral surfaces of the molded body 5 in a planar manner.
Said molded body 5 is divided along a separation plane 11 into two symmetrical parts 5a and 5b, said parts 5a and 5b having contact surfaces in the region of said separation plane 11 by which said parts 5a and 5b abut each other. Said separation plane 11 of the molded body 5 is aligned parallel to the surface normal of the outer surface of the building wall 2.
Said molded body 5 is divided into separate sections or wefts 12, wherein adjacent sections or wefts 12 are arranged one above the other and are connected to each other. Particularly suitable is an adhesive bonding of said sections or wefts 12 among each other to form a molded body 5 which for example receives a downpipe and which extends over the entire vertical orientation of the building wall 2.
Fig. 2 shows an alternative construction of the connection of the fire break 9 to the molded body 5. It can be seen that the molded body 5 is recessed in its two lateral surfaces 13 so as to have a U-shaped cross section. Accordingly, said molded body 5 has a notch 14 in each of its two opposing lateral surfaces 13 which is engaged by said fire break 9.
Additionally, a notch 15 can be provided in a rear surface 16 which is engaged by a part of the fire break 9.
Further developments of the molded body 5 are shown in the Figures 4 to 5, wherein said molded body is partly illustrated in its mounted position on the building wall 2.
Fig. 4 shows a two-part molded body 5 whose surfaces towards the respective adjacent part 5a or 5b of said molded body 5 as well as towards the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2 and also inside the cavity 6 are elasticized (illustrated by the hatched area). These surfaces can thus easily adjust to irregularities in the region of the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2, in the region of the downpipe 7 or also in the region of the contact surfaces.
Further, it can be seen in Fig. 4 that the extension of the molded body 5 parallel to the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2 amounts to the total of the diameter (d) of the cavity 6 aligned parallel to the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2 and the material thickness (a) of the molded body 5 of at least 150 mm on both sides of said cavity 6. Accordingly, the length (a) shown in Fig. 4 corresponds to a minimum of the wall thickness of the molded body 5 of 150 mm so as to ensure that the downpipe is enclosed in a sufficiently fireproof manner.
Since corresponding downpipes or also other lines or conduits are usually mounted at a certain distance from the façade 1 and since the thickness of the façade insulation may be designed in a varying manner, the Figures 5 to 7 illustrate different embodiments of the molded body 5, which is here configured in an adaptive manner. Fig. 5 shows a configuration of said molded body 5 consisting of two parts 5a and 5b and including an eccentrically arranged cavity 6. Thus, the distance of the outer surface 10 from the center of the cavity 6 is greater than the distance of the rear surface 16 from the center of the cavity 6.
Fig 6 shows an alternative embodiment in which a pre-fabricated molded body 5 with defined dimensions is used. To be able to adapt this molded body 5 to larger insulating thicknesses and to be able to correspondingly adapt larger fire breaks 9, an insulation board 17 is provided that supplements the length of the molded body 15 in the direction of the surface normal of the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2 so as to reach the thickness of the fire break 9 measured in the same direction so that there can be adjusted a flush closure between the outer surface of the insulation board 17 and the outer surfaces of the fire breaks 9 and hence also of the insulating elements 3 (not further shown). In such a case, said insulation board 17 can consist of a material identical with the material of the insulating element 3, as long as this does not affect the fire safety of the façade.
Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of a façade 1 in which the cavity 6 has to be arranged at a larger distance from the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2. For this purpose, an insulation board 18 is provided which is arranged between the building wall 2 and the molded body 5. This insulation board 18 is formed in two parts and is elastically compressible so that it can be easily installed in the gap between the molded body 5 and the building wall 2 after mounting the molded body 5 around a downpipe. Said compressibility accompanying an elastic deformability, has the advantage that the insulation board 18 can be compressed before it is installed and expands again after being installed so that the insulation board is sealingly applied against the corresponding rear surface 16 of the molded body on the one hand and against the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2 on the other.
It can be seen in Fig. 8, which shows only one part 5a of the molded body 5, that said molded body 5 has a fiber orientation which is mainly parallel to the lateral surface 13 and thus parallel to the surface normal of the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2. The phrase "a fiber orientation which is mainly parallel" means a fiber orientation as known for conventional lamellae-like insulating elements in ETICs systems.
In an External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS), all of the above-described components of the façade 1 are adhesively fixed to the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2. Additional adhesive bonds are possible between the parts 5a and 5b of the molded body 5, between the sections or wefts 12 of the molded body 5 and also between the crosscut ends of the fire break 9 and the lateral surfaces of the molded body 5. Of course, also the crosscut ends of the insulating elements 3 can be adhesively bonded to the lateral surfaces 13 of the molded body 5. Alternatively, plate-shaped elements 19 made of fireproof material can be used in these regions, as shown in Fig. 10 for the region between the crosscut ends of the fire breaks 9 and the lateral surfaces of the molded body 5.
The façade 1 according to the invention can thus be produced more easily and economically because the insulating element made of non-combustible mineral wool and formed as a molded body 5 is fixed to the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2 so as to extend in the vertical direction of the outer surface of the building. Here the first part 5a of the molded body 5 is pushed around an already installed downpipe parallel to the outer surface 4. At the same time or subsequently, the second part 5b of the molded body 5 is pushed towards the downpipe 2 in the opposite direction, but again parallel to the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2, until the contact surfaces of both parts 5a and 5b of the molded body touch each other. An adhesive bond of said contact surfaces can be produced already at this point of time while the molded body 5 is simultaneously adhesively fixed to the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2.
As soon as the entire molded body 5 is established in the vertical direction and extends from the lower end of the building to the intended upper end in the region of the building wall 2, the insulating elements 3 are connected to the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2 on both sides of the molded body 5. This is done for example by adhesively bonding polystyrene insulating boards to the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2. On reaching an intended and/or prescribed position for a fire break 9, said fire break 9 is fixed to the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2 on both sides of the molded body 5 in such a manner that the crosscut ends of the fire break 9 are supported all over on the lateral surfaces 13 of the molded body 5. An adhesive bond is provided as a connection of the crosscut ends of the fire break 9 to the lateral surfaces 13 of the molded body.
Thereafter, additional insulating elements 3 are fixed to the outer surface 4 of the building wall 2 on both sides of the molded body 5 until a next intended and/or prescribed position for a next fire break 9 is reached, at which a next fire break 9 is fixed in the above-described described manner.
Thereafter, said insulating elements 3, fire breaks 9 and molded body 5 can be covered with a plaster system 8 such that an overall External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) is formed.
However, it is generally possible that instead of using the plaster system 8, a plate-like façade cladding is fixed to the building wall 2 using a suitable sub-structure which for forming a ventilation gap is spaced from the free surface of the insulating elements 3, the molded body 5 and the fire break 9. In this case, the façade according to the invention is constructed as rear-ventilated façade. Necessary modifications or variations of the subject of the present invention are covered in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

List of reference numbers

1: façade
2: building wall
3: insulating element
4: outer surface of the building wall
5: molded body
5a: part
5b: part
6: cavity
7: downpipe
8: plaster system
9: fire break
10: outer surface of molded body
11: separation plane
12: section or weft
13: lateral surface of molded body
14: notch
15: notch
16: rear surface of molded body
17: insulation board
18: insulation board
19: element
d: diameter
a: length

Claims

Façade for a building, comprising insulating elements (3) that are fixed to an outer surface (4) of the building, and at least one fire break (9) arranged to extend horizontally between two superimposed and adjacent insulating elements (3) and fixed to the outer surface (4) of the building,
characterized in
that between two horizontally aligned adjacent insulating elements (3) there is provided an insulation element of non-combustible material configured as a molded body (5) that extends in the vertical direction of the outer surface (4) of the building at least until the upper boundary of the fire break (9), particularly above and below said fire break (9), that includes a cavity (6) for receiving energy lines, supply and/or discharge conduits, said cavity extending in the longitudinal direction over the entire length of said molded body and that said molded body (5) is divided into two symmetrical parts (5a, 5b) along a separation plane (11), said parts (5a, 5b) respectively having two contact surfaces by which said parts (5a, 5b) rest against each other.
Façade for a building according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the insulation material element is made of non-combustible mineral wool.
Façade according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in
that said separation plane (11) of said molded body (5) is aligned parallel to the surface normal of the outer surface (4) of the building.
Façade according to one of the claims 1 to 3,
characterized in
that said molded body (5) has a bulk density between 50 and 100 kg/m³, particularly between 60 and 90 kg/m³.
Façade according to one of the claims 1 to 4,
characterized in
that said molded body (5) has an extension parallel to the outer surface (4) of the building amounting to the total of the diameter (d) or length of the cavity (6) in a parallel orientation to the outer surface (4) of the building and a material thickness (a) of said molded body (5) of at least 100 mm, preferably at least 150 mm, on both sides of said cavity (6).
Façade according to one of the claims 1 to 5,
characterized in
that said molded body (5) is elasticized and thus predominantly elastically compressible at least in the region of its inner lateral surface of the cavity (6) and/or on its outer lateral surface (10) contacting the outer surface (4) of the building.
Façade according to one of the claims 1 to 6,
characterized in
that said fire break (9) joins the outer lateral surface (10) of said molded body (5) in a planar manner.
Façade according to one of the claims 1 to 7,
characterized in
that said molded body (5) has on its outer lateral surface (10) turned away from the outer surface (4) an insulation board (17) that supplements said molded body (5) so as to reach the required thickness in the façade (1) such that said insulation board (17) terminates flush with the surface of the insulating elements (3).
Façade according to one of the claims 1 to 8,
characterized in
that said molded body (5) completely penetrates said fire break (9) and is connected, particularly adhesively bonded, to the outer surface (4) of the building and/or fixed to said outer surface (4) with mechanical fixing elements.
Façade according to one of the claims 1 to 9,
characterized in
that between said molded body (5) and the outer surface (4) of the building an insulation board (18) of non-combustible mineral wool is arranged which particularly corresponds to the outer surface (16) of said molded body (5) and which preferably is elastically compressible and further preferably formed in two parts.
Façade according to one of the claims 2 to 10,
characterized in
that said molded body (5) has a fiber orientation parallel to the surface normal of the outer surface (4) of the building.
Façade according to one of the claims 1 to 10,
characterized in
that said molded body (5) is adhesively bonded to said fire break (9) and/or that a fire-resistant, particularly plate-like element (19) is disposed between said fire break (9) and said molded body (5).
Façade according to one of the claims 1 to 12,
characterized in
that said molded body (5) is formed of individual sections or wefts (12) that can be connected to each other on the front faces thereof, especially by adhesive bonding.
Façade according to one of the claims 1 to 13,
characterized in
that said molded body (5) is fixed to the outer surface (4) of the building using adhesive mortar.
Façade according to one of the claims 1 to 14,
characterized by
a plaster system (8) applied to said insulating elements (3) which particularly consists of a base plaster or reinforcing plaster preferably formed with a reinforcement fabric, and a final or finishing plaster.
Façade according to one of the claims 1 to 14,
characterized by
a façade cladding arranged at a distance from said insulating elements (3) and said molded body (5) under formation of a ventilation gap.
Process for producing a façade (1) on the outer surface (4) of a building, in which process an insulation element made of non-combustible material and having a cavity (6) for receiving energy lines, supply and/or discharge conduits is arranged and particularly fixed to the outer surface (4) of the building so as to extend in a vertical direction of the outer surface (4) of the building, whereupon said insulating elements (3) are attached to the outer surface (4) of the building for thermal and/or sound insulation, whereupon a horizontally extending fire break (9) is disposed and fixed adjacent to the outer surface (4) of the building and to the molded body (5) at an intended and/or prescribed position of the outer surface (4) of the building and whereby said molded body (5) is divided into two symmetrical parts (5a, 5b) along a separation plane (11), said parts (5a, 5b) respectively having two contact surfaces by which said parts (5a, 5b) rest against each other.
Process according to claim 17,
characterized in
that the insulation material element is made of non-combustible mineral wool.
Process according to claim 17 or 18,
characterized in
that said fire break (9) is adhesively bonded with a crosscut end thereof to said molded body (5), especially using a fire-resistant adhesive mass.
Process according to one of the claims 17 to 19,
characterized in
that to said insulating elements (3), molded body (5) and fire break (9) a plaster system (8) is applied especially comprising a base plaster or reinforcing plaster preferably formed with a reinforcement fabric, and a final or finishing plaster.
Process according to one of the claims 17 to 19,
characterized in
that in front of and spaced from said insulating elements (3) and said molded body (5) and fire break (9) a façade cladding is fixed to the building under formation of a ventilation gap.
Construction set for a façade (1) of a building, said construction set comprising insulating elements (3), at least one fire break (9) for a horizontally extending arrangement between two superimposed and adjacent insulating elements (3), and at least one insulation element made of non-combustible material and configured as a molded body (5) for a vertical arrangement between two horizontally oriented adjacent insulating elements (3) and for an arrangement at least until the upper boundary of the fire break (9), particularly above and below said fire break (9), wherein said molded body (5) includes at least one cavity (6) for receiving energy lines and supply and/or discharge conduits which extends in the longitudinal direction over the entire length of said molded body and wherein said molded body (5) is divided into two symmetrical parts (5a, 5b) along a separation plane (11), said parts (5a, 5b) respectively having two contact surfaces by which said parts (5a, 5b) rest against each other.
Construction set according to claim 22,
characterized in
that the at least one insulation material element is made of non-combustible mineral wool.