GB2585387A - Composition for cleaning combustion engine systems - Google Patents

Composition for cleaning combustion engine systems Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2585387A
GB2585387A GB1909768.2A GB201909768A GB2585387A GB 2585387 A GB2585387 A GB 2585387A GB 201909768 A GB201909768 A GB 201909768A GB 2585387 A GB2585387 A GB 2585387A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
composition
composition according
oxygen donor
hydrocarbon
flash point
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GB1909768.2A
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GB201909768D0 (en
GB2585387B (en
Inventor
Collier Harold
Leigh Anthony
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Cataclean Global Ltd
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Cataclean Global Ltd
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Priority to GB1909768.2A priority Critical patent/GB2585387B/en
Publication of GB201909768D0 publication Critical patent/GB201909768D0/en
Priority to EP20742375.7A priority patent/EP3990587B1/en
Priority to PCT/GB2020/051631 priority patent/WO2021005359A1/en
Publication of GB2585387A publication Critical patent/GB2585387A/en
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Publication of GB2585387B publication Critical patent/GB2585387B/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
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    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
    • C11D7/24—Hydrocarbons
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    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
    • C11D7/24—Hydrocarbons
    • C11D7/241—Hydrocarbons linear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
    • C11D7/24—Hydrocarbons
    • C11D7/247—Hydrocarbons aromatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
    • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D7/261—Alcohols; Phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
    • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D7/264—Aldehydes; Ketones; Acetals or ketals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
    • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D7/266—Esters or carbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/50—Solvents
    • C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
    • C11D7/5022—Organic solvents containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/50—Solvents
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    • C11D7/5027—Hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1857—Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/02—Inorganic or organic compounds containing atoms other than C, H or O, e.g. organic compounds containing heteroatoms or metal organic complexes
    • C10L2200/0254—Oxygen containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
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    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
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    • C10L2200/043—Kerosene, jet fuel
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    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
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    • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
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    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
    • C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
    • C11D2111/20—Industrial or commercial equipment, e.g. reactors, tubes or engines

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Abstract

A composition for cleaning a combustion engine system comprises a hydrocarbon and an oxygen donor. The composition has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93 of at least 21 degrees C, preferably at least 23 degrees and more preferably at least 30 degrees. The hydrocarbon may be first and second hydrocarbons such as odourless kerosene and xylene, and the oxygen donor may be first and second oxygen donors such as butyl acetate and methoxy propanol.

Description

TITLE
Composition for cleaning combustion engine systems.
TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD
Examples of the disclosure relate to compositions for cleaning combustion engine systems, and particularly for cleaning combustion engine systems used to power vehicles and other devices.
BACKGROUND
Combustion engine systems are commonly used to power vehicles and other machines. In some examples, a combustion engine system comprises a fuel storage system, an internal combustion engine, a fuel injection system for introduction of fuel into the engine, a catalytic converter and an exhaust system.
Over time, deposits build up on these components which reduces performance of, and increases emissions from, the combustion engine system.
Compositions are known which reduce or remove such deposits, but such compositions have a relatively low flash point, and are therefore hazardous to use and problematic to transport and store.
It is desirable therefore to provide cleaning compositions for combustion engine systems which have an increased flash point.
All proportions referred to in this specification are indicated as % by volume of the total composition, unless indicated otherwise.
BRIEF SUMMARY
According to various, but not necessarily all, examples of the disclosure there is provided a composition for cleaning a combustion engine system, wherein the composition comprises: a hydrocarbon; and an oxygen donor; wherein the composition has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 21°C.
The composition may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 23°C, and may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 30°C, and may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of about 30°C.
The oxygen donor may comprise respective first and second oxygen donors. The first oxygen donor may comprise an individual chemical compound, or may comprise a plurality of different chemical compounds. The second oxygen donor may comprise an individual chemical compound, or may comprise a plurality of different chemical compounds.
The first oxygen donor may have up to seven carbon atoms in an individual chemical compound. The first oxygen donor may have at least three carbon atoms in an individual chemical compound. The first oxygen donor may have from three to seven carbon atoms in an individual chemical compound.
The first oxygen donor may comprise a carbonyl group. The carbonyl group may comprise a ketone or ester.
The first oxygen donor may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 10°C, and may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 15°C, and may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 20°C, and may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 22°C, and may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of 22°C.
The first oxygen donor may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of from 10°C to 80°C, and may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of from 20°C to 40° The first oxygen donor may have a boiling point of from 100°C to 200°C, and may have a boiling point of from 120°C to 160°C.
The first oxygen donor may be selected from the group comprising: butyl acetate, n-butyl acetate (butyl ethanoate),pentan-2-one, 2-methyl-3-pentanone, 3-methy1-2-pentanone, 4-methylpentan-2-one, hexan-3-one, 2-methyl-3-hexanone, hexan-2-one, 4-methyl-3-hexanone, hexan-2-one, 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one, heptan2-one, 3-hydroxybutanone, 1-methoxy-2-propanyl acetate, 4-hydroxy-4-methylpent2-one, 1-hydroxypropan-2-one, cyclopentanone and 1-phenylethan-1-one.
The first oxygen donor may comprise one or more of: butyl acetate, n-butyl acetate (butyl ethanoate), pentan-2-one, 2-methyl-3-pentanone, 3-methy1-2-pentanone, 4-methylpentan-2-one, hexan-3-one, 2-methyl-3-hexanone, hexan-2-one, 4-methyl-3-hexanone, hexan-2-one, 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one, heptan-2-one, 3- hydroxybutanone, 1-methoxy-2-propanyl acetate, 4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-one, 1-hydroxypropan-2-one, cyclopentanone, or 1-phenylethan-1-one.
The first oxygen donor may comprise butyl acetate, which may comprise n-butyl acetate (butyl ethanoate).
The first oxygen donor may be selected from the group consisting of: butyl acetate, n-butyl acetate (butyl ethanoate),pentan-2-one, 2-methyl-3-pentanone, 3-methy1-2-pentanone, 4-methylpentan-2-one, hexan-3-one, 2-methyl-3-hexanone, hexan-2-one, 4-methyl-3-hexanone, hexan-2-one, 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one, heptan- 2-one, 3-hydroxybutanone, 1-methoxy-2-propanyl acetate, 4-hydroxy-4-methylpent- 2-one, 1-hydroxypropan-2-one, cyclopentanone and 1-phenylethan-1-one.
The first oxygen donor may be butyl acetate, which may be n-butyl acetate (butyl ethanoate), or may consist of butyl acetate, which consist of n-butyl acetate (butyl ethanoate).
The second oxygen donor may have up to five carbon atoms in an individual chemical compound, and may have from one to five carbon atoms in an individual chemical compound. The second oxygen donor may be miscible in water.
The second oxygen donor may comprise a hydroxyl group.
The second oxygen donor may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 20°C, and may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 25°C, and may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 30°C, and may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 32°C, and may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of 32°C.
The second oxygen donor may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of from 10°C to 50°C, and may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of from 15°C to 35°.
The second oxygen donor may have a boiling point of from 60°C to 140°C, and may have a boiling point of from 100°C to 130°C.
The second oxygen donor may be selected from the group comprising: methoxy propanol (1-methoxy-2-propanol), 2-methylpropan-2-ol, methanol, propan-2-ol, ethanol, 2-methylbutan-2-ol, propan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, 2methylpropan-1-ol, pentan- 2-ol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, butan-1-ol, 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol, 2-methoxyethanol, pentan-3-ol, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-ethoxyethanol, pentan-1-ol, and 2-methylbutan-1-ol.
The second oxygen donor may comprise one or more of: methoxy propanol (1-methoxy-2-propanol), 2-methylpropan-2-ol, methanol, propan-2-ol, ethanol, 2-methylbutan-2-ol, propan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, 2methylpropan-1-ol, pentan-2-ol, 3-methyl2-butanol, butan-1-ol, 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol, 2-methoxyethanol, pentan-3-ol, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-ethoxyethanol, pentan-1-ol, and 2-methylbutan-1-ol.
The second oxygen donor may comprise methoxy propanol (1-methoxy-2propanol).
The second oxygen donor may be selected from the group consisting of: methoxy propanol (1-methoxy-2-propanol), 2-methylpropan-2-ol, methanol, propan-2-ol, ethanol, 2-methylbutan-2-ol, propan-1-01, butan-2-ol, 2methylpropan-1-ol, pentan2-ol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, butan-1-ol, 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol, 2-methoxyethanol, pentan-3-ol, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-ethoxyethanol, pentan-1-ol, and 2-methylbutan-1-ol.
The second oxygen donor may be methoxy propanol (1-methoxy-2-propanol), or may consist of methoxy propanol (1-methoxy-2-propanol).
The hydrocarbon may comprise respective first and second hydrocarbons.
The first hydrocarbon may comprise an individual chemical compound, or may comprise a plurality of different chemical compounds. The second hydrocarbon may comprise an individual chemical compound, or may comprise a plurality of different chemical compounds.
The first hydrocarbon may comprise a lubricant.
The lubricant may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of less than 80°C.
The lubricant may be selected from the group comprising: kerosene, odourless kerosene, mineral oil, white spirits, hydrodesulphurized heavy naphtha (petroleum), solvent-refined heavy naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy naphtha (petroleum), hydrocarbons Cg-Cii isoalkanes, hydrocarbons C10-C12, isoalkanes, and hydrocarbons Cu isoalkanes.
The lubricant may comprise one or more of: kerosene, odourless kerosene, mineral oil, white spirits, hydrodesulphurized heavy naphtha (petroleum), solvent-refined heavy naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy naphtha (petroleum), hydrocarbons Cg-Cii isoalkanes, hydrocarbons C10-C12, isoalkanes, or hydrocarbons C11-C12, isoalkanes.
The lubricant may comprise odourless kerosene.
The lubricant may be selected from the group consisting of: kerosene, odourless kerosene, mineral oil, white spirits, hydrodesulphurized heavy naphtha (petroleum), solvent-refined heavy naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy naphtha (petroleum), hydrocarbons C2-011 isoalkanes, hydrocarbons 010-012, isoalkanes, and hydrocarbons C11-C12, isoalkanes.
The lubricant may be odourless kerosene, or may consist of odourless kerosene.
The second hydrocarbon may comprise an aromatic hydrocarbon.
The aromatic hydrocarbon may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of less than 60°C, and may have a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of equal to or less than 50°C.
The aromatic hydrocarbon may be selected from the group comprising: xylene, toluene and mesitylene.
The aromatic hydrocarbon may comprise one or more of: xylene, toluene, or mesitylene. The aromatic hydrocarbon may comprise xylene.
The aromatic hydrocarbon may be selected from the group consisting of: xylene, toluene and mesitylene.
The aromatic hydrocarbon may by xylene, or may consist of xylene.
The ratio of hydrocarbon to oxygen donor may be 5:5 to 7:3, and may be 6:4.
The composition may comprise 50 to 70 % by volume hydrocarbon, and may comprise 60 % by volume hydrocarbon. The composition may comprise 40 to 60 % by volume aromatic hydrocarbon, and may comprise 50 % by volume aromatic hydrocarbon. The composition may comprise 5 to 15 % by volume lubricant, and may comprise 10 % by volume lubricant.
The composition may comprise 30 to 50 % by volume oxygen donor, and may comprise 40 % by volume oxygen donor. The composition may comprise 10 to 30 °A by volume of the first oxygen donor, and may comprise 20 % by volume of the first oxygen donor. The composition may comprise 10 to 30 % by volume of the second oxygen donor, and may comprise 20 % by volume of the second oxygen donor.
The composition may comprise a biocide. The biocide may comprise Methylisothiazolinone. The biocide may comprise a mixture of Methylisothiazolinone and Chloromethylisothiazolinone. The composition may comprise 0.015 to 6 % by volume biocide, and may comprise 0.05 to 2 % by volume biocide, and may comprise 0.05 to 1 % by volume biocide.
The composition may comprise: respective first and second hydrocarbons, wherein the first hydrocarbon comprises odourless kerosene and the second hydrocarbon comprises xylene; and respective first and second oxygen donors, wherein the first oxygen donor comprises butyl acetate and the second oxygen donor comprises methoxy propanol; wherein the composition has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of about 30°C.
The composition may comprise 10 % by volume odourless kerosene, 50 % by volume xylene, 20 % by volume butyl acetate, and 20 % by volume methoxy 20 propanol.
According to various, but not necessarily all, examples of the disclosure there is provided a method of a cleaning combustion engine system, wherein the method comprises: passing a composition into an engine of the combustion engine system, wherein the composition comprises: a hydrocarbon; and an oxygen donor; wherein the composition has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 21°C.
In some examples, the composition may be passed directly into the engine. In other examples, the composition may be introduced into the fuel tank and be passed into the engine from the fuel tank.
According to various, but not necessarily all, examples of the disclosure there may be provided examples as claimed in the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
For a better understanding of various examples that are useful for understanding the detailed description, reference will now be made by way of example only.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A composition for cleaning a combustion engine system is described, wherein the composition comprises a hydrocarbon and an oxygen donor. The composition has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 21°C.
One example of the disclosure is described in table 1 below.
Example 1
Com *onent Amount 1% by volume) Flash point Xylene 50 30°C Odourless kerosene 10 37-65°C Butyl acetate 20 22°C Methoxy propanol 20 32°C The composition of example 1 has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of 30°C.
The hydrocarbon in example 1 comprises a first and a second hydrocarbon.
The first hydrocarbon is odourless kerosene and the second hydrocarbon is xylene.
Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon. Odourless kerosene acts as a lubricant.
The oxygen donor of example 1 comprises a first and a second oxygen donor. The first oxygen donor comprises butyl acetate, and the second oxygen donor comprises methoxy propanol. Butyl acetate is an ester. Methoxy propanol is an alcohol, i.e. comprises a hydroxyl group.
In some examples, kerosene may be dearomatized. In other examples, kerosene may comprise aromatic structures. Odourless kerosene may be desulphurised. The flash point of kerosene is estimated to be over 62°C with no definitive upper limit, but generally likely to be no more than 80°C. Kerosene may be a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons varying in carbon chain length from C7 to Cia (or in some examples from C12 to C16). In some examples, the carbon chain is branched, or straight chained (aliphatic), or cyclic (cycloalkanes). In other examples, the carbon chain comprises aromatic structures, for example, benzene and derivatives thereof.
Xylene according to example of the disclosure may comprise a mixture of at least xylene, ethylbenzene (up to 20%) and toluene (up to 2%).
Xylene may also comprise a mixture of xylene isomers, namely: 1,2-Dimethylbenzene (0-Xylene), 1,3-Dimethylbenzene (m-Xylene) and 1,4-Dimethylbenzene (p-Xylene).
Alternatives to xylene comprise, for example, toluene or mesitylene.
Mesitylene may comprise a mixture of isomers, namely: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene (Mesitylene), 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (Pseudocumene), and 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene (Hemimellitene).
To clean a combustion engine system, a composition according to examples of the disclosure is passed into an engine of the combustion engine system.
The combustion engine system may comprise a two or four stroke engine, and may be used, for example, to power vehicles such as cars or boats or other 30 machines such as lawnmowers.
In some examples, the composition is passed directly into the engine. In such examples, the fuel line to the engine is disconnected and the engine is connected to a means for passing the composition directly into the engine.
In other examples, the composition is introduced into the fuel tank and is passed into the engine from the fuel tank. In such examples, the fuel tank may already contain a quantity of fuel. The amount of composition added is predetermined by the quantity of fuel contained in the tank, and wherein the amount of composition added is in the range of 0.5 to 0.75 litres per 15 litres of fuel. The composition passes into the engine through the fuel injection system during normal operation of the combustion engine system.
From the engine, the combustion products of the composition pass through the catalytic converter and out through the exhaust system. It is understood that the composition generates an organic acid vapour on combustion in the engine, for example, which comprises a carboxylic acid vapour.
It has been found that compositions according to the disclosure used as described above improve performance of, and decrease emissions from, combustion engine systems.
Combustion engine systems are commonly used to power vehicles and other machines. In some examples, a combustion engine system comprises a fuel storage system, an internal combustion engine, a fuel injection system for introduction of fuel into the engine, a catalytic converter, and an exhaust system.
It is understood that compositions according to the disclosure improve performance of, and decrease emissions from, combustion engine systems by reducing or removing deposits from, for example, the fuel storage system, the internal combustion engine, the fuel injection system for introduction of fuel into the engine, the catalytic converter, and the exhaust system.
It is understood that a contributing factor in the removal or reduction of deposits from the catalytic converter and exhaust system is the action of the organic acid vapour which results from the combustion of the composition in the engine.
The flash point of a volatile material is the lowest temperature at which the material will ignite, when given an ignition source. Accordingly, flash point is used as a measure to classify whether a volatile material is flammable, highly flammable or extremely flammable.
The correspondence between flash point and flammability classification may differ depending on the jurisdiction and regulatory code of practice. However, the lower the flash point, the more flammable the liquid.
By way of example only, in one such regulatory code of practice 'Extremely flammable' liquids have a flash point lower than 0°C, 'Highly flammable' liquids have a flash point below 21°C (but which are not extremely flammable), and flammable liquids have a flash point equal to or greater than 21°C and less than or equal to 55°C.
By way of example only, in another such regulatory code of practice 'flammable' liquids have a flash point equal to or greater than 23°C and less than or equal to 60°C in the occupational safety and health administration's (OSHA's) hazard communication standard, which is a category 3 liquid.
A composition having a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least, for example, 21°C covers compositions having a flash point equal to, or greater than 21°C. Accordingly, a composition having a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 23°C covers compositions having a flash point equal to, or greater than 23°C. A composition having a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 30°C covers compositions having a flash point equal to, or greater than 30°C.
By the above measure, compositions according to the disclosure are at least classified as 'flammable' rather than 'highly flammable' or 'extremely flammable'. Accordingly, such compositions are significantly less hazardous to use and less problematic to transport and store than known compositions which are classified as either 'highly flammable' or 'extremely flammable'. However, use of compositions according to examples of the disclosure results in a broadly similar or improved reduction in emissions and improvement in performance over existing compositions.
In known compositions the oxygen donor comprises low flash point solvents such as acetone (first oxygen donor) and isopropyl alcohol (second oxygen donor). Accordingly, such known compositions have a relatively low flash point, and are therefore hazardous to use and problematic to transport and store.
Example first oxygen donors of the present disclosure have a relatively higher flash point than known first oxygen donors, but have a comparable solvency.
Solvency power is typically measured by the Kauri-Butanol Value (KB value) of the solvent. The KB value is a measure of solvency power whereby the higher the KB value, the higher the solvency power.
Example second oxygen donors of the present disclosure have a relatively higher flash point than known second oxygen donors, but have a comparable solubility in water.
There is thus described a composition and method with a number of advantages as detailed above.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in the preceding paragraphs with reference to various examples, it should be appreciated that modifications to the examples given can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. For instance, each of the aromatic hydrocarbon, the lubricant, the first oxygen donor, and the second oxygen donor could be a mixture of different compounds, for example, selected from the groups specified.
Features described in the preceding description may be used in combinations other than the combinations explicitly described.
Although functions have been described with reference to certain features, those functions may be performable by other features whether described or not.
Although features have been described with reference to certain embodiments, those features may also be present in other embodiments whether described or not.
The term "comprise" is used in this document with an inclusive not an exclusive meaning. That is any reference to X comprising Y indicates that X may comprise only one Y or may comprise more than one Y. If it is intended to use "comprise" with an exclusive meaning then it will be made clear in the context by referring to "comprising only one..." or by using "consisting".
In this brief description, reference has been made to various examples. The description of features or functions in relation to an example indicates that those features or functions are present in that example. The use of the term "example" or "for example" or "may" in the text denotes, whether explicitly stated or not, that such features or functions are present in at least the described example, whether described as an example or not, and that they can be, but are not necessarily, present in some of or all other examples. Thus "example", "for example" or "may" refers to a particular instance in a class of examples. A property of the instance can be a property of only that instance or a property of the class or a property of a subclass of the class that includes some but not all of the instances in the class. It is therefore implicitly disclosed that features described with reference to one example but not with reference to another example, can where possible be used in that other example but does not necessarily have to be used in that other example.
Whilst endeavoring in the foregoing specification to draw attention to those features of the invention believed to be of particular importance it should be understood that the Applicant claims protection in respect of any patentable feature or combination of features hereinbefore referred to and/or shown in the drawings whether or not particular emphasis has been placed thereon.
I/we claim:

Claims (25)

  1. CLAIMS1. A composition for cleaning a combustion engine system, wherein the composition comprises: a hydrocarbon; and an oxygen donor; wherein the composition has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 21°C.
  2. 2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen donor comprises respective first and second oxygen donors.
  3. 3. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the first oxygen donor has from three to seven carbon atoms in an individual chemical compound.
  4. 4. A composition according to claims 2 or 3, wherein the first oxygen donor comprises a carbonyl group.
  5. 5. A composition according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the first oxygen donor has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of from 20°C to 40°
  6. 6. A composition according to any of claims 2 to 5, wherein the first oxygen donor has a boiling point of from 120°C to 160°C.
  7. 7. A composition according to any of claims 2 to 6, wherein the first oxygen donor comprises one or more of: butyl acetate, n-butyl acetate (butyl ethanoate), pentan-2-one, 2-methyl-3-pentanone, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-methylpentan-2-one, hexan-3-one, 2-methyl-3-hexanone, hexan-2-one, 4-methyl-3-hexanone, hexan-2-one, 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one, heptan-2-one, 3-hydroxybutanone, 1-methoxy-2-propanyl acetate, 4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-one, 1-hydroxypropan-2-one, cyclopentanone, or 1-phenylethan-1-one.
  8. 8. A composition according to any of claims 2 to 7, wherein the second oxygen donor has from one to five carbon atoms in an individual chemical compound.
  9. 9. A composition according to any of claims 2 to 8, wherein the second oxygen donor comprises a hydroxyl group.
  10. 10. A composition according to any of claims 2 to 9, wherein the second oxygen donor has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of from 15°C to 35°.
  11. 11. A composition according to any of claims 2 to 10, wherein the second oxygen donor has a boiling point of from 100°C to 130°C.
  12. 12. A composition according to any of claims 2 to 11, wherein the second oxygen donor comprises one or more of: methoxy propanol (1-methoxy-2-propanol), 2-methylpropan-2-ol, methanol, propan-2-ol, ethanol, 2-methylbutan-2-ol, propan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, 2methylpropan-1-ol, pentan-2-ol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, butan-1-ol, 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol, 2-methoxyethanol, pentan-3-ol, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-ethoxyethanol, pentan-1-ol, and 2-methylbutan-1-ol.
  13. 13. A composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrocarbon comprises respective first and second hydrocarbons.
  14. 14. A composition according to claim 13, wherein the first hydrocarbon comprises a lubricant.
  15. 15. A composition according to claim 14, wherein the lubricant has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of less than 80°C.
  16. 16. A composition according to claims 14 or 15, wherein the lubricant comprises one or more of: kerosene, odourless kerosene, mineral oil, white spirits, hydrodesulphurized heavy naphtha (petroleum), solvent-refined heavy naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy naphtha (petroleum), hydrocarbons Cs-C11 isoalkanes, hydrocarbons C10-C12, isoalkanes, or hydrocarbons Cu-C12, isoalkanes.
  17. 17. A composition according to any of claims 13 to 16, wherein the second hydrocarbon comprises an aromatic hydrocarbon.
  18. 18. A composition according to claim 17, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of equal to or less than 50°C.
  19. 19. A composition according to claims 17 or 18, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon comprises one or more of: xylene, toluene, or mesitylene.
  20. 20. A composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio of hydrocarbon to oxygen donor is 5:5 to 7:3.
  21. 21. A composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio of hydrocarbon to oxygen donor is 6:4.
  22. 22. A composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises a biocide. 15
  23. 23. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises: respective first and second hydrocarbons, wherein the first hydrocarbon comprises odourless kerosene and the second hydrocarbon comprises xylene; and respective first and second oxygen donors, wherein the first oxygen donor comprises butyl acetate and the second oxygen donor comprises methoxy propanol; wherein the composition has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of about 30°C.
  24. 24. A composition according to claim 24, wherein the composition comprises 10 % by volume odourless kerosene, 50 % by volume xylene, 20 % by volume butyl acetate, and 20 % by volume methoxy propanol.
  25. 25. A method of cleaning a combustion engine system, wherein the method comprises: passing a composition into an engine of the combustion engine system, wherein the composition comprises: a hydrocarbon; and an oxygen donor; wherein the composition has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of at least 21°C.
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GB2521169A (en) * 2013-12-11 2015-06-17 Engym Services Ltd Compositions and methods for treating fuel systems
CN105886158A (en) * 2016-05-06 2016-08-24 梁文胜 Engine carbon deposit combustion cleaning agent and preparation method thereof
KR20180036120A (en) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-09 주식회사 엔이세이버 Internal-combustion engines cleaner and cleaning method using the same
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WO2021005359A1 (en) 2021-01-14

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