GB2584126A - Method of decommissioning a temporary structure - Google Patents
Method of decommissioning a temporary structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2584126A GB2584126A GB1907222.2A GB201907222A GB2584126A GB 2584126 A GB2584126 A GB 2584126A GB 201907222 A GB201907222 A GB 201907222A GB 2584126 A GB2584126 A GB 2584126A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- regenerative
- composition
- agent
- soil
- stabilisation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000005569 Iron sulphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000011128 aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001164 aluminium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010448 nahcolite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- SMDQFHZIWNYSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemagnesium Chemical compound S=[Mg] SMDQFHZIWNYSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 12
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000021073 macronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000003715 nutritional status Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003050 macronutrient Effects 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012478 homogenous sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEZYHIPQRGTUDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[dithiocarboxy(methyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound SC(=S)N(C)CC(O)=O KEZYHIPQRGTUDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFHXPRTYXDXTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-H bis(2,2-dioxo-1,3,2,4-dioxathialumetan-4-yl) sulfate octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LFHXPRTYXDXTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound O.OS(O)(=O)=O FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RVUXIPACAZKWHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.OS(O)(=O)=O RVUXIPACAZKWHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUNICNFETYAKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.OS(O)(=O)=O KUNICNFETYAKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/005—Methods or materials for repairing pavings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C21/00—Apparatus or processes for surface soil stabilisation for road building or like purposes, e.g. mixing local aggregate with binder
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/06—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
- E01C23/08—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for roughening or patterning; for removing the surface down to a predetermined depth high spots or material bonded to the surface, e.g. markings; for maintaining earth roads, clay courts or like surfaces by means of surface working tools, e.g. scarifiers, levelling blades
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/06—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
- E01C23/12—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for taking-up, tearing-up, or full-depth breaking-up paving, e.g. sett extractor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
- E01C3/04—Foundations produced by soil stabilisation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/36—Coherent pavings made in situ by subjecting soil to stabilisation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00732—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00758—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for agri-, sylvi- or piscicultural or cattle-breeding applications
Abstract
A method of decommissioning an area of ground, said area of ground being commissioned by a process which included a stabilisation step comprising application of a binder e.g. Ordinary Portland Cement, fly ash, silica, to the ground soil to provide a stabilisation layer, said method including the step of applying a regenerative composition/agent to said stabilisation layer. The regenerative composition/agent may be calcium sulphate, aluminium sulfate, iron sulphate, potassium sulphate, gypsum, nitric acid, phosphoric acid. The regenerative composition/agent may be selected don the basis of the pH or nutrient characteristics of the soil or stabilisation layer.
Description
METHOD OF DECOMMISSIONING A TEMPORARY STRUCTURE
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a method de-commissioning surface structures such as temporary access roads. It has particular application to decommissioning surface structures which have been constructed, that is commissioned by a process which includes a stabilisation step where binder is mixed with soil to provide a hardened layer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A large number of construction projects require temporary structures such as access roads (referred to also as "haul/haulage" roads) to allow vehicles to access building sites and such like. The temporary structures or roads are conventionally provided by excavating the soil on site, and importing (laying down) primary aggregates, which are then compacted. A problem is however that the land is required for subsequent agricultural use. However, decommissioning of such roads often results in degraded land from an agricultural point of view.
Traditional stabilisation (e.g. using cement and quick lime) is generally never used to construct these temporary structures or roads as this would significantly raise the pH levels of the soil and effectively damage nutrients in the soil with regard to the specified agricultural use of the land.
Other methods include the use of specialist binders such as those disclosed in patents GB2521115 (owned by MAS HBM Ltd); GB2547733 (owned by METSSL Ltd) and 032543378 (owned by METSSL Ltd).
The binders are used in a stabilisation process where a stabilisation layer is provided by mixing the soil with the binder. This forms a hardened surface/structure; a surface layer may be placed on this.
The use of these binders reduces or even eradicates the need for primary aggregate, and eliminates the need to export excavated soil off site. The construction program time is substantially reduced. A problem remains in that to a lesser extent the soil becomes degraded as well and sub-optimal. It is one object of the invention to overcome this problem. In one aspect is provided a decommissioning process which returns the soil to a good agricultural condition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect is provided a method of decommissioning an area of ground, said area of ground being commissioned by a process which included a stabilisation step comprising application of a binder to the ground soil to provide a stabilisation layer, said method including the step of applying one or more regenerative compositions or agents to said stabilisation layer.
The method may include the prior step of removing or stripping a surface layer, said surface layer having been put down in the commissioning of said ground after said stabilisation step.
Said binder may include a composition comprising substantially of Ordinary Portland Cement, calcium oxide, fly ash, blast furnace slag, or silica.
The composition or regenerative agent(s) may be selected dependent on the pH and/or nutrient characteristics of the soil.
The composition or the regenerative agent(s) may be determined additionally on the basis of the binder composition.
The composition or the regenerative agent (s) may be selected dependent on the pH or nutrient characteristics of the soil/binder stabilisation layer.
The regenerative composition or the regenerative agent(s) may be selected on the basis of the pH and /or nutrient characteristics of the soil or soil/binder stabilisation level.
The regenerative composition or the regenerative agent(s) may be such as to regenerate the subsequently treated soil to the original pH level thereof and/or to the original or higher level of one or more nutrients.
The regenerative composition or the regenerative agent(s) may include a pH regulator.
The regenerative composition or the regenerative agent may include or comprise substantially of one or more of the following compounds: calcium sulphate, aluminium sulphate, ferric/ferrous sulphate or potassium sulphates and gypsum.
The regenerative composition or agent substantially may include or comprise of one or more of the following constituents: nitric acid, phosphoric acid, elemental sulphur, elemental phosphorus, urea coated sulphur, urea coated phosphorus.
Said regenerative composition or agent may be in dry form.
Said regenerative composition or agent may be mixed in with the stabilisation layer at a rate of between 1 and 10% weight regenerative composition to stabilisation layer portion.
Said compounds or constituents are preferably present in the regenerative composition in aggregate quantities of more than 0.5%, preferably more than 5%, preferably more than 50%.
Said regenerative composition may include nutrients including one or more of the following elements in elemental or compound form: potassium, phosphorus, magnesium sulphur, nitrogen, calcium, iron, boron, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, cobalt and nickel.
There may be at least two regenerative composition and/or agents, and these are added in a two-step process where in a fist stage a first regenerative composition or agent is applied to the stabilisation layer and in a second step a second regenerative composition or agent is applied thereafter to said stabilisation layer.
Said first regenerative composition or agent include or comprise one or more of the following: Naha)lite; Iron Sulphate, Aluminium Sulphate; Gypsum.
Said first regenerative composition/reagent may be applied at 1% to 10% by weight regenerative composition to stabilisation layer portion.
Said second regenerative composition or agent may include or comprise of one or more of the following: dilute nitric acid; dilute phosphoric acid; dilute hydrochloric acid; dilute sulphuric acid.
Said second regenerative composition/agent may be applied at 2 moles per kilogram of stabilisation layer to 0.05 moles per kilogram of stabilisation layer (2 mol/Kg to 0.05 mol/Kg) Said regenerative composition may include said nutrients in substantially enhanced levels compared to that found in the soil.
Said ground may be a temporary access road.
The present invention is now described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figures 1 to 3 show neutralization plots for aluminium sulphate, iron sulphate, and Nahcolite respectively
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Background
A current method for construction of a temporary structure such as a haul road involves the following steps. Firstly, the topsoil is stripped, generally over the area of the road. In the next stage a binder is applied to the stripped land. This application process usually involves mixing the binder into the ground i.e. mixing the binder into a surface layer of the stripped land. This is usually performed by a specially adapted vehicle. This is a stabilization process. The binder is required to strengthen the soil structure on the surface. This provides a stabilisation layer.
In the next stage the ground is optionally wetted and thereafter the ground is compacted and leveled. In the last stage the area optionally may be surfaced with a surfacing material such as tarmac or bitumen.
The binder used is may be any of those claimed in the above referenced patents.
The binder may be a binder composition substantially comprising between 68.7 and 93% by weight cement; between 0 and 20% by weight additional silicate bearing material; and between 4 and 20% by weight gypsum. The binder composition may comprise: between 86.4 and 92.4% by weight cement; between 3.6 and 5.6% by weight additional silicate bearing material; and between 4.5 and 7.5% by weight gypsum, wherein the additional silicate bearing material comprises one or more of disodium metasiiicate, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, tricalciurn silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium silica hydroxide, or a combination thereof. The binder composition may comprise: between 56.8 and 92.8% by weight ordinary Portland cement; between 3.2 and 23.2% by weight additional silicate bearing material; and between 9 and 15% by weight gypsum, wherein the additional silicate bearing material is metakao*.in and/or silica fume and/or disodium metasilicate. The use alternatively of cement or composition including quicklime (calcium oxide) is not preferred as the pH of the soil is raised to unacceptable levels.
Invention In one aspect of the invention such constructions (such as a temporary haul road) are decommissioned in a process which adds or applies a regenerative composition (i.e. which includes regenerative reagents or agents) to the soil or ground; i.e. to the stabilisation layer after optional surface layer e.g. of bitumen has been removed. In other words, the regenerative composition is applied to the stabilisation level comprising the binder/soil mix, produced during commissioning. The binder may be any of those referred to above or referred to in the above patent applications. In examples one or more regenerative compositions or reagents can be added in a multi-stage process.
The regenerative composition/agent/reagent is/are selected such that it returns the land to a good or enhanced agricultural condition. Preferably the regenerative composition or reagent includes a pH regulator. Generally, the stabilization area has a raised pH so such a pH regulator lowers the pH of the ground it is applied to.
The regenerative composition/agent/reagent may be applied in liquid (solution) form and/or solid form (e.g. powdered or granulated).
In one method the temporary structure (haul road) is decommission by the following steps: firstly, stripping or (scraping off) any surfacing or surface layer such as bitumen. Thereafter the regenerative composition/agent/reagent is applied e.g. by mixing into the ground or soil, i.e. the stabilisation layer, where previously the binder has been applied (i.e. mixed) in. The term "apply" in this context may comprise simply adding the regenerative composition/agent/reagent to the surface (e.g. of the stabilisation layer) after stripping of any surface layer added (put down) after the stabilisation layer. Preferably the process involves / includes a mixing process with the stabilisation layer, i.e. the ground after any surface layer is stripped.
The regenerative composition/agent/reagent preferable includes pH adjusters or regulators.
a) Preferably these pH regulators bring the pH levels down and may include any acidic compound including one or more of the following: sulphur, sulphur coated urea, sulphur containing compounds such as calcium sulphate (CaSO4), aluminium sulphate, iron sulphates (ferric or ferrous sulphates), potassium sulphates. Thus the regulators may include Iron Sulphate in the form of any of Ferrous (ii) sulphate; Ferrous (h) sulphate Heptahydrate; Ferrous (ii) sulphate Monohydrate; Ferrous (ii) sulphate Ferrohexahydrite; Ferrous (iii) sulphate Pentahydrate; Iron (iii) Sulphate (Ferric Sulphate) Or Aluminium Sulphate Al2(504)3 Aluminium Sulphate Anhydrous; Aluminium Sulphate Octahydrate.
Any of these may be in dry form e.g. powdered or granulated form In powdered form, the combined quantity of these may be anything from 10 to 100%, preferably greater than 40%. The balance may be soil, gravel or other aggregate which may be used to dilute the regenerative composition/ pH regulators.
Figures 1 and 2 show aluminium sulphate and iron sulphate neutralization plots respectively. In both cases the natural soil pH was 6.5. During the commissioning process a proprietary binder "Geobind" was used at levels of 2% with soil to provide a stabilisation layer which resulted in the stabilized soil/binding having the pH dramatically increase to 10.96. The charts show how the pH of alkaline stabilized soil can be reduced with addition of a regenerative composition including these compounds. The charts show % dry weight of the dry regenerative composition, that is the percentage of how much was mixed with the stabilised soil. For example in regard to the document attached, the addition of 4% Iron Sulphate brought the stabilised soil down from a pH of 11.415 to a pH of 7.681. 4% iron sulphate was 4% of the weight of the stabilised soil. Therefore if the weight of the stabilised soil was 10Kg, the addition of 4% Iron Sulphate by weight would equate to 0.4Kg (or 400 grams) of Iron sulphate.
The regenerative composition may be in solid or liquid form. Preferable the regenerative composition is in solid form in the form of powder or granules.
b) The regenerative composition/agent/reagent may also comprise or include sodium bicarbonate (Nahcolite). Although sodium bicarbonate is alkaline, it re-acts with free lime in the soil (such as that used in the commissioning process i.e. in the binder), forms a carbonate and neutralizes the free lime. This can bring the pH down as a consequence e.g. to around a pH of 8.5 which may be acceptable in some circumstances. Figure 3 shows a neutralization plot which show how the pH of alkaline soil can be reduce with addition of a regenerative composition including Nahcolite. The tests were performed on the same soil/binder (stabilised layer) as in the cases in Figures 1 and 2.
c) The regenerative composition/reagent/agent may comprise or include nitric, sulphuric, hydrochloric or phosphoric acids or other acidic additives.
Regenerative composition in liquid form with such acids may be diluted to anything down to 1% acid in water as a solvent.
d) The regenerative composition/agent/reagent may include elemental sulphur or phosphorus or urea coated sulphur or phosphorus.
e) The regenerative composition/agent/reagent may include gypsum (calcium sulphate dihydrate).
Preferably such agent/reagents comprise more that 1% weight of the composition of the resulting treated soil (i.e. when mixed with the binder/soil stabilisation layer) and preferably less than 10% by weight). So typically dry (powders/granules) of the regenerative composition are added at an addition rate of anywhere between 1% to 10%, but preferably in the 1% to 5% range.
In addition organic matter,like compost, composted manure, and acidic mulches can be used to lower soil pH over time and so can form the basis of the regenerative composition. Such organic regenerative layers may include amounts of the elements or compounds referred to in paragraphs a) b) c) and /or d), in any quantities, preferably greater than 0 5% Preferably the regenerative composition includes enhanced level of elements which are required for plant function such as plant growth. These may be provided in elemental or compound form. There may be provided as dry components of the regenerative composition or diluted with water.
Table 1 below shows the general required levels of some main macronutrient elements in soil.
Table 1
Nutrient Mg/litre Kg/Hectare Nitrogen (N) *100 -250 (N) Phosphorus (P) 16 -25 "20 -80 (P2O5))) Potassium (K) 121 -180 '0 -60(K2O) Magnesium (Mg) 51 -100 *"*40 -100 (MgO) Sulphur (5) 16 -25 ***"20 -80 (S03) *Alltroaen is expressed as Kg N/ha ** Phosphorus is given as Phosphate P205/i7a and no P./ha " Potassium is given as Potash K20/ha and not K/ha tt" Magnesium is given as Magnesium Oxide MgO/ha and not Mg/ha **"** Sulphur is given as Kg 303/ha not Kg S/ha Preferably the level of elemental nutrients in the regenerative composition e.g. macronutrient are such as to bring the level in the soil after decommissioning to at least the levels. The Table 2 shows a rough idea of the minimum amounts of some macronutrient elements in the soil
Table 2
Nutrient Ka/Ha Kg/m2 Grams/m2 As % Per Tonne Re-of RC Agent Powder (Kg) N 100 0.01 10 Oa 500 Phosphate P205 20 0.002 2 10 100 Poi ash K20 20 0.002 2 10 100 Magnesium Oxide MgO 40 0.004 4 20 200 SOS 20 0.002 2 10 100 The fifth column shows the percentage dry weight of compounds in the regenerative composition in solid form (powdered or granulated). For N this may be the total molar amount or the amount of (in the form of) a nitrate or nitrite, and or an ammonium. compound.
The regenerative composition/agent/reagent may include or comprise a minimum level of a nitrate, nitrite, or ammonium compound of 25% preferably 50% by dry weight.
The regenerative composition/agent/reagent may include or comprise a minimum level of phosphate of 4% preferably at least 10% by dry weight.
The regenerative composition/agent/reagent may include or comprise a minimum level of potash of 4% preferably at least 10% by dry weight.
The regenerative composition/agent/reagent may include or comprise a minimum level of magnesium oxide or a salt of magnesium of 8% preferably 25% by dry weight.
The regenerative composition/agent/reagent may include or comprise a minimum level of a sulphur, a sulphate or sulphite of 4% preferably 10% by dry weight.
In summary primary elemental macronutrients (other than the structural nutrient elements of carbon hydrogen and oxygen) are nitrogen N, phosphorus P, potassium K. The levels (dry) of these in elemental or compound form in the dry regenerative composition are preferably greater than 50, 10, and 10 % by weight respectively.
Secondary elemental macronutrients are calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) Sulphur (S). The levels (dry) of these in the dry regenerative composition in elemental or compound form are preferably greater than 5, 5 and 10 % by weight respectively.
Other elemental (micro) nutrients required by plants to a lesser degree include Iron (Fe), Boron (B), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mb), Zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni). The levels (dry) of these in the dry regenerative composition in elemental or compound form are preferably in each case greater than 1% by weight respectively. Micronutrients (trace elements) Include: Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo) and chlorine (CI) and are required in smaller amounts than the macronutrients In liquid form, the regenerative compositions may contain the above nutrient levels where the equivalent dry weights may be diluted in water up to 100 parts water for 1 part element/compound thereof.
The make-up (composition) of the regenerative composition may be selected to be dependent on the characteristics of the original soil. The term "characteristics" here refers to the pH and/or the levels of each or any of the nutrients listed 25 above.
In preferred examples the mix in the regenerative composition or the regenerative agent/reagent may be such that the quantities and types of compounds or elements therein, bring the soil back to, or close to its natural pH status, and at least if not preferably an enhanced nutrient status. So examples of the methodology enhance agricultural soils and return them to their original pH and nutrient status.
Two stage process In refined embodiments the regenerative agents/composition may be added in a two stage process.
In a first stage or phase one or more of the following (phase 1) agent/reagents are added to the stabilisation layer (binder/soil) mix that is added to the spoil first.
This or these reagent(s) may be selected from the following: Nahcolite; Iron Sulphate, Aluminium Sulphate; Gypsum. These may be added at 1% to 10% by Weight (1 and 10% weight regenerative composition to stabilisation layer portion).
In the second stage (phase 2) one or more of the following further agents are added to the stabilisation layer. This or these may be selected from the following; dilute nitric acid; dilute phosphoric acid; dilute hydrochloric acid; dilute sulphuric acid. One or a combination of the above may be added at 2 moles per Kilogram (of stabilisation layer) to 0.05 moles per Kilogram of stabilisation layer (2 mol/Kg to 0.05 mol/Kg) In preferred embodiments, the soil at the site may be therefore analysed (e.g., prior to the commissioning stage) such that the nutrient status and pH or the original soil can be determined. In examples the characteristics of soil can be determined outside the site under laboratory conditions. Homogenous samples may be taken from the soil (e.g. up to the depth of the stabilisation layer and the samples granulated. The granules may preferably be crushed to achieve an upper size fraction defined by 100% passing 2mm.
Preferably the nutrient status in such analysis is considers the levels of one or more of the following: potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulphur and calcium.
Preferably the nutrient status is such that the analysis considers the amount of nitrogen or nitrogen containing compounds in the soil (ammonium or nitrates/nitrites) Additionally, or alternatively the section of the regenerative 35 composition/agents/reagents is based additionally or alternatively on the composition of the original soil based on the known type of soil without testing.
For example, DEFRA publish indices of soil, shown in the table of figure 1. Data of the characteristics of the original soil (such as the DEFRA classification) may be readily available for a certain region or area.
In example the binder used in the commissioning process may be option with or without (original) soil data /characteristics to determine (select) the regenerative composition/agent/reagent.
In enhanced aspects the ground may be analysed (alternatively or additionally) after the stabilisation process (that is after the mixing soil with the binder) in the commissioning process i.e. before the surfacing in the commissioning stage or after stripping any surface layer in the decommissioning stage. This will give an idea of the nutrient and pH status of the binding (stabilisation) layer. Again, homogenous samples may be taken from the stabilisation layer i.e. the binder-soil mixture and the samples granulated. The granules may preferably be crushed to achieve an upper size fraction defined by 100% passing 2mm. Again, the results can be used or selection of the regenerative composition/agent/reagent.
So in general the composition of the regeneration composition or the section of the regenerative agent/reagent(s) may be determined from a) the soil characteristics (whether that be inferred from the geographical location or testing); and/or b) the type of binder used in the commissioning process, and/or the binder/soil stabilisation layer characteristics.
Examples
A virgin soil was tested and had a pH of 7.0 and P, K and Mg amounts of 4.0,30, and 43 mg/I respectively equating to a DEFRA Index of 0, 0 and 1 respectively.
The soil was stabilized using proprietary binder Geobind which increased the pH of the stabilisation (soil/binder) layer to a pH of close to 11.
After application of FeSO4 soil/binder layer the pH was reduced to 5.8 and P, K and Mg amounts of 3.2, 76, and 91 mg/I respectively equating to a DEFRA Index of 0, 1 and 2 respectively.
After application of Nahcolite the soil pH was reduced to 5.8 and P, K and Mg amounts of 15.2, 87 and 153 mg/I respectively equating to a DEFRA Index of 1, 1 and 0 respectively.
The term "nutrient" in the claims should be interpreted as one or more of the following at least: potassium, phosphorus, magnesium sulphur, nitrogen, calcium, iron, boron, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, cobalt and nickel.
The term "substantially enhanced levels compared to that found in the soil" in terms of nutrients listed should be interpreted as such and to mean that the amount of the elemental nutrients in the regenerative compound in parts per million (PPM) is higher than that found in the soil the regenerative composition is applied to. Depending on the quantity of regenerative composition applied this may be anything from greater than 30% more, greater than 100% more or several times more e.g. more than 5 times, more than 50 times or more than 200 times the amounts of each nutrient.
The term "applying" can be understood as "adding to" and or "mixing with". The term "agent" hereinafter should be understood as meaning both agent and/or reagent.
Claims (22)
- CLAIMS1. A method of decommissioning an area of ground, said area of ground being commissioned by a process which included a stabilisation step comprising application of a binder to the ground soil to provide a stabilisation layer, said method including the step of applying one or more regenerative compositions or regenerative agents to said stabilisation layer.
- 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 including the prior step of removing or stripping a surface layer, said surface layer having been put down in the commissioning of said ground after said stabilisation step.
- 3. A method as claimed in claims 1 or 2 where said binder includes a composition comprising substantially of Ordinary Portland Cement, calcium oxide, fly ash, blast furnace slag, or silica.
- 4. A method as claimed in claim 1 to 3 where the composition or regenerative agent(s) is selected dependent on the pH and/or nutrient characteristics of the soil.
- A method as claimed in claim 4 where the composition or the regenerative agent(s) is determined additionally on the basis of the binder composition.
- 6. A method as claimed in claims 1 to 5, where the composition or the regenerative agent (s) is selected dependent on the pH or nutrient characteristics of the soil/binder stabilisation layer.
- 7. A method as claimed in claim 1 to 5 where the regenerative composition or the regenerative agent(s) is selected on the basis of the pH and /or nutrient characteristics of the soil or soil/binder stabilisation level.
- 8. A method as claimed in claim 1 to 7 where the regenerative composition or the regenerative agent(s) is such as to regenerate the subsequently treated soil to the original pH level thereof and/or to the original or higher level of one or more nutrients.
- 9. A method as claimed in claim 1 to 8 where the regenerative composition or the regenerative agent(s) includes a pH regulator.
- 10. A method as claimed in claims 1 to 9 where the regenerative composition or the regenerative agent includes or comprise substantially of one or more of the following compounds: calcium sulphate, aluminium sulphate, ferric/ferrous sulphate or potassium sulphates and gypsum.
- 11. A method as claimed in claims 1 to 10 where the regenerative composition or agent substantially includes or comprises of one or more of the following constituents: nitric acid, phosphoric acid, elemental sulphur, elemental phosphorus, urea coated sulphur, urea coated phosphorus.
- 12. A method as claimed in claims 1 to 11 wherein said regenerative composition or agent is in dry form.
- 13. A method as claimed in claims 1 to 12 wherein said regenerative composition or agent is mixed in with the stabilisation layer at a rate of between 1 and 10% weight regenerative composition to stabilisation layer portion.
- 14. A method as claimed in claim 1 to 13 wherein said compounds or constituent are present in the regenerative composition in aggregate quantities of more than 0.5%, preferably more than 5%, preferably more than 50%.
- 15. A method as claimed in claims 1 to 14 wherein said regenerative composition includes nutrients including one or more of the following elements in elemental or compound form: potassium, phosphorus, magnesium sulphur, nitrogen, calcium, iron, boron, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, cobalt and nickel.
- 16. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 15 wherein there are at least two regenerative composition and/or agents and these are added in a two-step process where in a fist stage a first regenerative composition or agent is applied to the stabilisation layer and in a second step a second regenerative composition or agent is applied thereafter to said stabilisation layer.
- 17. A method as claimed in claim 15 or 16 wherein said first regenerative composition or agent includes or comprises one or more of the following: Nahcolite; iron Sulphate, Aluminium Sulphate; Gypsum.
- 18. A method as claimed in claim 16 or 17 wherein said first regenerative composition/agent is applied at 1% to 10% by weight regenerative composition to stabilisation layer portion.
- 19. A method as claimed in claim 16 to 18 wherein said second regenerative composition or agent includes or comprises one or more of the following: dilute nitric acid; dilute phosphoric acid; dilute hydrochloric acid; dilute sulphuric acid.
- 20. A method as claimed in claim 16 to 19 wherein said second regenerative composition/agent is applied at 2 moles per kilogram of stabilisation layer to 0.05 moles per kilogram of stabilisation layer (2 mol/Kg to 0.05 mol/Kg)
- 21. A method as claimed in claim 15 where said regenerative composition includes said nutrients in substantially enhanced levels compared to that found in the soil.
- 22. A method as claimed in claims 1 to 21 wherein said ground is any one of the following: temporary access road; temporary compound; temporary working platform (such as a piling mat or crane pad); temporary laydown area; temporary car park; temporary footpath, temporary works entrance.
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| CN106220321A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-14 | 大理州大维肥业有限责任公司 | The soil measurement formula fertilizer of a kind of potassium sulfate slow-release compound and preparation method |
| CN107955624A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-04-24 | 上海宝田新型建材有限公司 | A kind of saline-alkali soil conditioner and application method |
| GB2566005A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-03-06 | Geotech Soil Stabilisation Ltd | Method for stabilizing soil |
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| CN106220321A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-14 | 大理州大维肥业有限责任公司 | The soil measurement formula fertilizer of a kind of potassium sulfate slow-release compound and preparation method |
| GB2566005A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-03-06 | Geotech Soil Stabilisation Ltd | Method for stabilizing soil |
| CN107955624A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-04-24 | 上海宝田新型建材有限公司 | A kind of saline-alkali soil conditioner and application method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2022090272A1 (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2022-05-05 | Soil Science Limited | Binders for soil stabilization and reclamation |
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