GB2531328A - Insulated liquid storage vessels - Google Patents

Insulated liquid storage vessels Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2531328A
GB2531328A GB1418401.4A GB201418401A GB2531328A GB 2531328 A GB2531328 A GB 2531328A GB 201418401 A GB201418401 A GB 201418401A GB 2531328 A GB2531328 A GB 2531328A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
vessel
tank
film
coating
tape
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB1418401.4A
Other versions
GB201418401D0 (en
Inventor
Martin Benson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KIRKSTYLES INNOVATION Ltd
Original Assignee
KIRKSTYLES INNOVATION Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KIRKSTYLES INNOVATION Ltd filed Critical KIRKSTYLES INNOVATION Ltd
Priority to GB1418401.4A priority Critical patent/GB2531328A/en
Publication of GB201418401D0 publication Critical patent/GB201418401D0/en
Priority to EP15801203.9A priority patent/EP3207316A2/en
Priority to PCT/GB2015/053095 priority patent/WO2016059434A2/en
Publication of GB2531328A publication Critical patent/GB2531328A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/181—Construction of the tank
    • F24H1/182—Insulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F24D3/082—Hot water storage tanks specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/38—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/16—Solid spheres
    • C08K7/18—Solid spheres inorganic
    • C08K7/20—Glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/185—Water-storage heaters using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/128—Preventing overheating
    • F24H15/132—Preventing the operation of water heaters with low water levels, e.g. dry-firing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2021—Storage heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
    • F16L59/028—Composition or method of fixing a thermally insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0325—Aerogel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F17C3/085—Cryostats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/08—Storage tanks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/037—Heaters with zones of different power density

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)

Abstract

A thermally insulated liquid storage vessel 11 of which the insulation comprises a coating 12 of an insulating material comprising glass microspheres in an aerogel matrix. The coating may be applied directly as a paint which may be water-based to a surface of the vessel. The coating may also be applied to a plastic film 14 comprising of an electrically conductive film constituting a resistance heater to heat the vessel. The conductivity of the film is as the result of inclusions such as grapheme, carbon black or other forms of carbon. The film may be in the form of a sheet or ribbon. The sheet may have opposed edges comprising of terminals for the supply of current (fig.2). A tape having endwise terminals 15 may be wrapped helically around the vessel. The vessel may be a domestic hot water tank controlled by a smart thermostat or may be any liquid container, including flasks for beverages, cryogenic vessels and other laboratory or clinical equipment, and such vessels may also incorporate a heating film or even a thermoelectric or Peltier effect cooling element. A safety cut-out may be provided to prevent overheating if there is a loss of water from the tank.

Description

Insulated Liquid Storage Vessels This invention relates to insulated liquid storage vessels.
Hot water tanks, particularly domestic tanks, comprise insulated metallic, usually copper, cylinders. While they may be supplied with hot water from a gas, oil or coal-fired boiler, they usually also have an independent electric immersion heater, which comprises a metal tube enclosing an electric resistance heating element which is introduced into the tank through an upper opening into which it is sealed.
Some tanks are manufactured insulated by an attached layer of foam, usually some 25mm thick, Insulating jackets can be fitted to uninsulated tanks, again usually some 25mm thick. An uninsulated tank of the same outside dimensions as a conventionally insulated I S tank would have a substantially greater capacity.
Other liquid storage vessels may be of plastic, glass or other materials. Vacuum, or Dewar, flasks are of double walled glass construction with a vacuum between the walls.
They are effective, but fragile, and the inner volume is, on account of the double walled construction, substantially less than the outer volume.
The present invention provides a novel insulated vessel that has substantially maximum capacity for its external dimensions.
The invention comprises an insulated liquid storage vessel of which the insulation comprises a coating of an insulating material comprising glass microspheres and aerogel in a polymeric binder.
The coating may be between 0,8 and 2,0 mm thick, The coating may be applied directly as a paint, which may be water-based, to the copper or other metal, plastic or glass surface of the vessel, The coating may be applied, however, to a plastic film or tape attached to the vessel, The plastic film or tape may be electrically conductive constituting a resistance heater to heat the tank. The electrical conductivity of the film or tape may be as a result of conductive inclusions such as graphene, carbon black and other fomis of carbon. A thermally conductive adhesive may be used to adhere the film or tape to the vessel wall. The vessel may comprise a domestic hot water tank, The film or tape may be in the form of a sheet or ribbon which is wrapped around the vessel. A sheet may be wrapped once substantially around the vessel, opposed edges comprising terminals for connection to a supply of current, A tape having endwise terminals may be wrapped helically around the vessel, However, particularly for a domestic hot water tank, a tape may be wrapped around a specific area of the tank surface. A tape wrapped around the upper part of the tank can be supplied with current when economy mode heating is required, so that only the upper part of the tank gets heated. A tape wrapped around the lower part of the tank will heat the whole tank but, depending on its wattage, will take longer to heat the water in the top of the tank. Tapes wrapped around top and bottom can be used independently or together depending on the water requirement. Of course, three or more tapes could be provide giving more flexible control, The arrangement may be controlled by a smart thermostat such as a NEST, Hive or Passiv controller.
A 25mm tape can wrap some twenty times around a 3 00mm diameter tank to cover a zone 500mm in length. The total length of tape is some 20 metres, and the required resistance for effective heating is S ohms, giving a specific resistance of 0.25 ohms/metre.
Heat will pass from the film or tape by conduction and IR radiation, and will pass through the tank wall by conduction, in the case of a metal, e.g. copper, tank. As the tape emits IS JR radiation, however, it is possible to contemplate glass or plastic, e,g, transparent polycarbonate tanks for which heat transfer from the tape will be substantially by IX radiation into the tank. For most effective heat transfer to water, the film or tape may be wrapped tightly around the tank, and is desirably somewhat stretchable, The film or tape must be capable of withstanding its operating temperature overlong time periods. PET is a suitable nrnterial.
A safety cut-out may be provided to prevent overheating in the event of a malfunction, such as loss of water from the tank.
Embodiments of insulated hot water tanks according to the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a section through a tank showing a tank wall section magnified; Figure 2 is a view of a tank wrapped in a heating sheet; and Figure 3 is a view of a tank with ribbon heating, with a magnified are.
The drawings illustrate insulated hot water tanks 11 of which the insulation comprises a coating 12 of an insulating material comprising glass microspheres in an aerogel matrix, Such a material is commercially available under the trademark Aero Therm, and is normally used for insulation against cold, for example as an insulating external coating for buildings.
The coating 12 is between 0,8 and 2,0 mm thick. This is in contrast to conventional hot water tank insulation, which can be 10mm or more thick.
Figure 1 shows a typical copper tank having a 1,5mm wall thickness, with a coating of about 1mm thick Aero Therm, The coating I 2 may be applied directly as a paint, which may be water-based, to the surface of the tank Ii Figures 2 and 3 show the coating 12 applied, however, to a plastic film or tape 14 attached to the tank 11. The film or tape 14 is electrically conductive constituting a resistance heater to heat the tank. The electrical conductivity is as a result of conductive inclusions such as graphene, carbon black and other forms of carbon, The film or tape 14 is, in Figure 2, in the form of a sheet which is wrapped around the tank 11. Opposed edges 14a, 1 4b of the sheet comprise terminals 15 for connection to a supply of current.
Figure 3 illustrates a tape 14 wrapped helicafly around the tank 11 having endwise tenninals 15, the wraps being seen clearly in the magnified area. Separate tapes 14 are I S wrapped in different zones, a lower zone L adapted for heating the whole tank, an upper zone U adapted for fast, economy, heating ofjust the upper third of the tank, and a middle zone M that can be used in conj unction with tapes in either or both zones L and U. The arrangement may be controlled by a smart thermostat such as a NEST, Hive or Passiv controller.
The tape 14 is a 25mm tape which can wrap some twenty times around a 300mm diameter tank to cover a zone 500mm in length. The total length of tape is some 20 metres, and the required resistance for effective heating is 5 ohms, giving a specific resistance of 0,25 ohms/metre, The film 14 is of a high melting point polymer such as PET, which is somewhat stretchable so as to be capable of being tightly wrapped to make good contact with the tank surface.
The coating 12 is applied directly onto the sheet or tape 14 by painting or spraying.
Heat will be reflected back at the film 14 by the coating 12 and will pass from the tape to the tank wall by conduction and JR radiation, and will pass through the tank wall by conduction, in the case of a metal, e.g. copper, tank, and conduction, to a lesser extent, and JR radiation in the case of a glass or clear plastic tank.
A safety cut-out can be provided to prevent overheating in the event of a malfunction, such as loss of water from the tank.
While the invention has been described and illustrate specifically in terms of hot water tanks such as domestic hot water tanks, it will be appreciated that any liquid container can be insulated by a coating 12, including flasks for hot or cold beverages, cryogenic vessels and other laboratory or clinical equipment, and such vessels may also incorporate a heating film or even a thermoelectric or Peltier effect cooling element,
GB1418401.4A 2014-10-17 2014-10-17 Insulated liquid storage vessels Withdrawn GB2531328A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1418401.4A GB2531328A (en) 2014-10-17 2014-10-17 Insulated liquid storage vessels
EP15801203.9A EP3207316A2 (en) 2014-10-17 2015-10-19 Insulated liquid storage vessels
PCT/GB2015/053095 WO2016059434A2 (en) 2014-10-17 2015-10-19 Insulated liquid storage vessels

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1418401.4A GB2531328A (en) 2014-10-17 2014-10-17 Insulated liquid storage vessels

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB201418401D0 GB201418401D0 (en) 2014-12-03
GB2531328A true GB2531328A (en) 2016-04-20

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WO2016059434A2 (en) 2016-04-21

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