GB2521115A - Proprietary Binders - Google Patents

Proprietary Binders Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2521115A
GB2521115A GB1318607.7A GB201318607A GB2521115A GB 2521115 A GB2521115 A GB 2521115A GB 201318607 A GB201318607 A GB 201318607A GB 2521115 A GB2521115 A GB 2521115A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
weight
binder composition
gypsum
bearing material
cement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB1318607.7A
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GB201318607D0 (en
GB2521115B (en
Inventor
Sebastian Love
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
METSSL Ltd
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METSSL Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by METSSL Ltd filed Critical METSSL Ltd
Priority to GB1611214.6A priority Critical patent/GB2543378B/en
Priority to GB1318607.7A priority patent/GB2521115B/en
Priority to GB1611210.4A priority patent/GB2547733B/en
Publication of GB201318607D0 publication Critical patent/GB201318607D0/en
Publication of GB2521115A publication Critical patent/GB2521115A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2521115B publication Critical patent/GB2521115B/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B11/00—Calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B11/28—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials
    • C04B11/30—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials with hydraulic cements, e.g. Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

A binder composition is disclosed which comprises between 68.7 and 93% by weight cement; between 0 and 20% by weight additional silicate bearing material; and between 4 and 20% by weight gypsum. Preferably the binder composition substantially compromises between 68.7 and 88.7 by weight cement; between 0 and 15% additional silicate bearing material; and between 4 and 20% by weight gypsum. The composition may be used in a construction material in earthworks, highways or footpaths. Also disclosed is a binder composition which comprises between 50 and 80% by weight cement; between 10 and 40% by weight additional silicate bearing material; and between 4 and 20% by weight gypsum, wherein the additional silicate-bearing material includes blast furnace slag.

Description

Binder Composition for use with Aggregates
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to binder and binder composition, as well as mixture of said binders with other materials.
Background of the Invention
Binders can be mixed with sub-soil and recycled/primary aggregates to form Stabilised/Hydraulically Bound Materials that can be used as General Fill, Capping, Sub-Base and Base layers in Earthworks and br Highways and Footpath construction. These Stabilised/Hydraulically Bound Materials are manufactured/produced to BSEN 14227 parts 1 to 13, the Specification of .0 Highways Works 800 and 600 series, the Specification for Road Openings in : : the Highways 2010 3" Edition and any future modification or replacement such r *°> standards thereof. It is an object of the invention to provide an improved binder * which provides enhanced material properties in the final product.
: Statement of the Invention
00**** * According to one aspect of the invention is provided a binder composition substantially comprising: between 68.7 and 93% by weight cement; between 0 and 20% by weight additional silicate bearing material; and between 4 and 20% by weight gypsum.
Preferably the composition comprises: between 68.7 and 88.7% by weight cement; between 0 and 15% additional silicate bearing material; and between 4 and 20% by weight gypsum.
The binder may comprise between 75.7 and 81.7% by weight cement. The binder comp composition may comprise between 77.7 and 79.7% by weight cement.
The binder composition may comprise between 5.3 and 13.3 by weight additional silicate bearing material. The binder composition may comprise between 7.3 and 11.3% by weight additional silicate bearing material.
It may comprise between 8.3 and 10.3% by weight additional silicate bearing material.
The binder composition may comprise between 8 and 16% by weight gypsum and preferably between 11 and 13% by weight gypsum. * ** * * *
:: The composition may comprise between 86.4% to 92.4% by weight cement, r. between 3.6 and 5.6 % by weight additional silicate bearing material and * * between by weight 4.5 and 7.5% gypsum. It may preferably comprise between 86.4% to 92.4% by weight cement, between 3.6 and 5.6 % additional silicate ** bearing material and between 4.5 and 7.5% gypsum. ****4 * *
The binder may comprise preferably between 88.9 to 90.9% by weight cement, between 4.1 and 5.1% by weight additional silicate bearing material and between 5.5 and 6.6% by weight gypsum.
The additional silicate bearing material comprises one or more of disodium metasilicate, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, silicon dioxide, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium silica hydroxide, calcium alumina silica hydroxide, or a combination thereof The additional silicate bearing material may be provided by silica fume, blast furnace slag, metakaolin, fly ash or a combination thereof.
In a second aspect of the invention is provided a binder composition substantially comprising: between 50 and 80% by weight cement; between 10 and 40% by weight additional silicate bearing material; and between 4 and 20% by weight gypsum, wherein said additional silicate bearing material includes blast furnace slag.
The additional silicate bearing material comprises a mixture of slag and one or more of disodium metasilicate, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, silicon dioxide, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium silica hydroxide, calcium alumina and silica hydroxide.
*.....
* The additional silicate bearing material comprises a mixture of slag and one or more of: silica fume, metakaolin, and fly ash. *** ** .
The wherein said proportion of slag may between 14 and 34%. The slag may be * groundlgranulated blast furnace slag.
The gypsum comprises a mixture of fine casting plaster and recycled plaster/plasterboard.
The casting plaster in the above compositions preferably has a particle size less than 270 microns diameter.
All proportions given are by weight.
In a ifirther aspect is provided a construction material including a, or formed from inclusion of a such binder composition as claimed in any preceding claim. The compositions may be used in filling or capping of base or sub-base layers in earthworks, highways or footpaths.
Description of the invention
Example 1
In one example the binder composition comprises 78.7% by weight cement, 9.3% by weight disodium metasilicate and 12% fine casting plaster. fl
* The cement may be any selected from hydraulic cements or Portland cements.
r* :* The hydraulic cements may be mixtures of fine ground limestone, alumina, and silica. These constituents react and start to cure with addition of water and then in addition to this (in some cases) compaction. During these processes a Calcium Silica Hydroxide gel is formed, calcium hydroxide and additional cementitious reactions. Aluminous cements typically contain at least thirty to thirty-five percent alumina.
Preferably the cement is Portland cement such as ordinary Portland cement. The raw materials required to produce Portland cements are composed of calcium carbonate, alumina, silica, and iron oxide (as tetracalcium aluminoferrate), tricalcium aluminate, tricalcium disodium metasilicate, and dicalcium silicate.
The cement is preferably ordinary Portland cement (CEM1). Alternatively any other type of cement, such as CEM2, CEM3, CEM4 and CEM5 may be used.
Gypsum is sulphate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, Gypsum plaster, or plaster of Paris, and is typically produced by heating gypsum.
Example 2
According to a general example the binder composition substantially comprises between 68.7 and 88.7% by weight cement; between 5.3 and 13.5 5% disodium metasilicate; and between 4 and 20% gypsum Preferably the composition comprising between 75.7 and 81.7% by weight cement; between 7.3 and 11.3 disodium metasilicate; and between 8 and 16% gypsum.
In a further preferred example preferably the composition comprises between 77.7 and 79.7% by weight cement; between 8.3 and 10.3% disodium L:H metasilicate and between 10 to 14% gypsum.
As an alternative to disodium metasilicate, other silicate bearing compounds may be used such as silica fume, metakaolin, blast furnace slag and fly ash.
: When added to water cement reacts and forms a hard paste called Calcium * Silica Hydroxide (approximately 75%) the other product/compound that is *..**.
* produced is Calcium Hydroxide (approx 25%). Disodium Metasilicate is a different form of silicate to e.g. silicon dioxide but when added to the cement will react with the 25% of Calcium Hydroxide and produce additional cementitious and strength gaining properties.
Disodium Metasilicate is therefore a different compound of silica than that contained in cement but by adding it to the mix it increases/adds to the strength gaining properties of the product and increases the beneficial effects.
In still a further refmed embodiment the percentage weight of the constituents varies between +/-1% of the point composition given in the first example.
The amount of disodium metasilicate may be varied relatively widely according to application and may comprise between 0 and 15% of the binder composition.
The gypsum constituent may be gypsum, fine casting plaster. Preferably the particle size is less than 770 microns diameter, and preferably less than 260 microns diameter.
In a preferred embodiment the gypsum component comprises recycled plaster or plasterboard.
In alternative embodiments the gypsum component may comprise a mixture of casting plaster and recycled plaster material such as recycled plasterboard.
In some applications, the proportion of cement may be increased and correspondingly, the proportion of disodium metasilicate and gypsum is reduced.
* :°: In a specific example, the binder may comprise 89.4% by weight cement, 4.6% r*> disodium metasilicate and 6% gypsum. *
li a general example of binder for such applications, the cement content is between 86.4% to 92.4% by weight cement, between 3.6 and 5.6 % disodium *" metasilicate and between 4.5 and 7.5% gypsum.
Preferably the range varies +1-1% from the specific point example.
Example 3
In a ftirther aspect of the invention is provided a binder composition comprising by weight; 74.8% Ordinary Portland Cement; 13.2% silica fUme; and 12% gypsum.
The cement proportions may lie in the range 72.8% to 76.8%. The silica fume content may vary between +1-5%, preferably between 11.7% and 14.7%. The gypsum content may vary between 10.5 and 13.5%. The gypsum may be fine casting plaster or recycled plaster board.
Silica fume is often referred to alternatively as microsilica and can be provided as an ultra-fine powder with the average particle diameter of 1 SOnm and is also referred to as precipitated silica; fumed silica; gel silica; colloidal silica; silica flour and silica dust. It is typically 100 times smaller than average cement particle. When OPC reacts with water, silica fume reacts with 25% calcium hydroxide.
Silica fume is the by-product of producing silicon metal or ferrosilicon alloys. It generally comprises amorphous silicon dioxide 85%.
The silica fume may be replaced by fly ash, preferably pulverised, ground * * granulated blast furnace slag, metakaolin or disodium metasilicate. *. ** * * . * *
Example 4
In a further aspect of the invention is provided a binder composition similar to * : " the one above, but which includes the addition of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate. A typical composition may by weight 66.9% Ordinary Portland Cement; 11.8% silica fume; 9.3% sodium metasilicate pentahydrate; 12% gypsum.
The cement proportions may lie in the range 60% to 75%.
The gypsum content may vary between +1-5%, preferably between 10.5 and 13.5%. The gypsum may be fine casting plaster or recycled plaster board.
The sodium metasilicate pentahydrate proportion may vary from 0 to 20%,preferably 9 to 15% and preferably 11 to 13%.
The silica fume proportion may vary from 0 to 20% preferably 5 to 15% and preferably 7.8% to 10.8%.
The silica fume may be replaced by fly ash, preferably pulverised or slag.
The sodium metasilicate pentahydrate may be replaced by disodium metasilicate, silica fume, metakaolin, blast furnace slag or fly ash.
Example S
. : In a further aspect of the invention is provided a binder composition comprising by weight 66.9% Ordinary Portland Cement; 11.8% metakaolin; 9.3%, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and 12% gypsum.
* :*. The sodium metasilicate pentahydrate may be replaced by disodium metasilicate, silica fume, metakaolin, blast furnace slag or fly ash.
The alternatives to metakaolin may be disodium metasilicate; silica fume; ground granulated blast furnace slag and pulverised fly ash.
The gypsum may be fine casting plaster or recycled plaster board. The component proportions may be varied by +1-3%, preferably +1-1.5%. The cement and/or metakaolin proportions may vary by +1-10%.
Metakaolin is a pozzolanic product and provides a pozzolanic reaction in the binder which can continue between 7 to 28 days. The OPC in the binder reacts with water to form 75% CSH gel and the calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime) in the cement reacts with the metakaolin to produce additional cementitious reactions.
Example 6
In a further aspect of the invention is provided a binder composition comprising by weight 74.8% Ordinary Portland Cement, 13.2% metakaolin, 12% gypsum.
The component proportions may be varied by +1-3%, preferably +1-1.5%.
The gypsum may be fine casting plaster or recycled plaster board. * *. * . * *.. S
* The cement and metakaolin proportions may vary by +1-18% preferably +1- 10%, andfurtherpreferably+I-5%. * *.S
The metakaolin may be replaced with silica fume, disodium metasilicate, blast furnace slag or fly ash.
S..... * *
Example 7
In a further aspect of the invention is provided a binder composition comprising by weight: 55.09% Ordinary Portland Cement; 23.61% (blast furnace) slag; 9.3%, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate; and 12% gypsum. The slag may be ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), which is a by-product of iron and steel making generally pig iron cycled plaster board.
The component proportions may be varied by +1-3%, preferably +1-1.5%.
The gypsum may be fine casting plaster or recycled plaster board, and the proportion may vary from 8 to 16%.
The cement and/or slag proportions may vary by +1-24%, or by +1-10%, preferably +1-5%.
The sodium metasilicate pentahydrate may be replaced by disodium metasilicate, silica flnne, disodiurn nietasilicate, metakaolin, blast ifirnace slag or fly ash.
The addition of slag helps protect concrete against sulphate and chloride attack.
Any grade such as grades 80, 100, or 120 may be used. Preferably the highest, 120, is used. The slag may be replace with silica flume or fly ash. * .. * * e *** . * * * ** ** * * S * S
S S..
S
S * S* * S.
S
S..... * S I0

Claims (23)

  1. Claims 1. A binder composition substantially comprising: between 68.7 and 93% by weight cement; between 0 and 20% by weight additional silicate bearing material; and between 4 and 20% by weight gypsum.
  2. 2. A binder composition as claimed in claim 1 substantially comprising: between 68.7 and 88.7% by weight cement; between 0 and 15% additional silicate bearing material; and between 4 and 20% by weight gypsum.
    *
  3. 3. A binder composition as claimed in claim 2 comprising between 75.7 :.: and 81.7% by weight cement. * .
  4. 4. A binder composition as claimed in claims 2 or 3 comprising between 77.7 and 79.7% by weight cement.
  5. 5. A binder composition as claimed in claims 2 to 5 comprising between * 5.3 and 13.3 by weight additional silicate bearing material.
  6. 6. A binder composition as claimed in claims 2 to 5 comprising between 7.3 and 11.3% by weight additional silicate bearing material.
  7. 7. A binder composition as claimed in claims 2 to 6 comprising between 8.3 and 10.3% by weight additional silicate bearing material.
  8. 8. A binder composition as claimed in claims 2 to 7 comprising between 8 and 16% by weight gypsum.
  9. 9. A binder composition as claimed in claims 2 to 8 comprising between 11 and 13% by weight gypsum.
  10. 10. A binder composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising between 86.4% to 92.4% by weight cement, between 3.6 and 5.6 % by weight additional silicate bearing material and between by weight 4.5 and 7.5% gypsum.
  11. 11. A binder composition as claimed in claim 10 comprising between 86.4% to 92.4% by weight cement, between 3.6 and 5.6 % additional silicate bearing material and between 4.5 and 7.5% gypsum.
  12. 12. A binder composition as claimed in claim 10 comprising between 88.9 to * : 90.9% by weight cement, between 4.1 and 5.1% by weight additional silicate * *. bearing material and between 5.5 and 6.6% by weight gypsum. * .* * * * *
  13. 13. A binder composition as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said *".: additional silicate bearing material comprises one or more of disodium * :° metasilicate, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, silicon dioxide, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium silica hydroxide, calcium alumina silica hydroxide, or a combination thereof.
  14. 14. A binder composition as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said additional silicate bearing material is provided by silica flume, blast furnace slag, metakaolin, fly ash or a combination thereof.
  15. 15. A binder composition substantially comprising: between 50 and 80% by weight cement; between 10 and 40% by weight additional silicate bearing material; and between 4 and 20% by weight gypsum, wherein said additional silicate bearing material includes blast thrnace slag.
  16. 16. A binder composition as claimed in claim 15 wherein said additional silicate bearing material comprises a mixture of slag and one or more of disodium metasilicate, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, silicon dioxide, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium silica hydroxide, calcium alumina and silica hydroxide.
  17. 17. A binder composition as claimed in claim 15 or 16 wherein said additional silicate bearing material comprises a mixture of slag and one or more of: silica thme, metakaolin, and fly ash
  18. 18. A binder composition as claimed claim 15, 16, 1 or 17 wherein said * proportion of slag is between 14 and 34%, preferably between 20 and 28%. ** t* * * * * I..
  19. 19. A binder composition as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said gypsum comprises a mixture of fine casting plaster and recycled *** *** * plaster/plasterboard.
  20. 20. A binder composition as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said gypsum comprises recycled plaster or plaster board.
  21. 21. A binder composition as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said casting plaster has a particle size less than 270 microns diameter.
  22. 22. A construction material including a, or formed from inclusion of a binder as claimed in any preceding claim.
  23. 23. A construction material as claimed in claim 22 for use in filling or capping of base or sub-base layers in earthworks, highways or footpaths. * .* * * * p.. S** S * p 5 ** *S * S S * * S..S p. * * . * S.* ** ***S
GB1318607.7A 2013-10-11 2013-10-11 Binder composition for use with aggregates Active GB2521115B (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1611214.6A GB2543378B (en) 2013-10-11 2013-10-11 Binder composition for use with aggregates
GB1318607.7A GB2521115B (en) 2013-10-11 2013-10-11 Binder composition for use with aggregates
GB1611210.4A GB2547733B (en) 2013-10-11 2013-10-11 Binder composition for use with aggregates

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1318607.7A GB2521115B (en) 2013-10-11 2013-10-11 Binder composition for use with aggregates

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GB2521115A true GB2521115A (en) 2015-06-17
GB2521115B GB2521115B (en) 2018-02-28

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022090272A1 (en) 2020-10-26 2022-05-05 Soil Science Limited Binders for soil stabilization and reclamation

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4242191A1 (en) * 2022-03-11 2023-09-13 Saint-Gobain Placo Reactive binder mixture for cementitious article

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JPS63277542A (en) * 1987-05-08 1988-11-15 Mitsubishi Mining & Cement Co Ltd Immediately setting composition
JPH06321607A (en) * 1994-03-17 1994-11-22 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Production of quick set composition
JPH08165153A (en) * 1994-12-09 1996-06-25 Chen Tsuen Kuo Superlight-weight cement and its preparation
JP2011073940A (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-04-14 Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd Cement composition for spontaneously disintegrable hardened cement product, spontaneously disintegrable hradened cement product, and method for feeding sand and soil

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022090272A1 (en) 2020-10-26 2022-05-05 Soil Science Limited Binders for soil stabilization and reclamation
GB2615273A (en) * 2020-10-26 2023-08-02 Soil Science Ltd Binders for soil stabilization and reclamation

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GB201318607D0 (en) 2013-12-04
GB201611214D0 (en) 2016-08-10
GB2547733A (en) 2017-08-30
GB2543378B (en) 2018-04-04
GB2521115B (en) 2018-02-28
GB2547733B (en) 2017-12-27
GB201611210D0 (en) 2016-08-10
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