GB2514437A - Method of manufacture - Google Patents
Method of manufacture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2514437A GB2514437A GB1401248.8A GB201401248A GB2514437A GB 2514437 A GB2514437 A GB 2514437A GB 201401248 A GB201401248 A GB 201401248A GB 2514437 A GB2514437 A GB 2514437A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- organic
- water
- reaction
- solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- -1 alkyl polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonicotinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JZKNMIIVCWHHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane-1,2,2,3-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical class C1C(C2)CC3CC1(C(=O)O)C(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C2(C(O)=O)C3 JZKNMIIVCWHHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000643 adenine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005152 nicotinamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005480 nicotinamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- YCGAZNXXGKTASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 YCGAZNXXGKTASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HSSYVKMJJLDTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylphthalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O HSSYVKMJJLDTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002648 azanetriyl group Chemical group *N(*)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- KVQQRFDIKYXJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1 KVQQRFDIKYXJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 33
- OYFRNYNHAZOYNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1O OYFRNYNHAZOYNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- UGNSMKDDFAUGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dimethyl-2-phenyl-5h-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound CC1(C)COC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 UGNSMKDDFAUGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- LNOZJRCUHSPCDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Fe+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O LNOZJRCUHSPCDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013141 crystalline metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013291 MIL-100 Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001455 metallic ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003504 terephthalic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DHKVCYCWBUNNQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-(1,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-6-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NN=C(O1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)C=NN2 DHKVCYCWBUNNQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPNNOCMCNFXRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoterephthalic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1C(O)=O GPNNOCMCNFXRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRDBXTBGGXLZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-dicarboperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OO)C=C1 RRDBXTBGGXLZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000549 coloured material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QULKDBMYSOOKMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfo hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound OC(=O)OS(O)(=O)=O QULKDBMYSOOKMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimesic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/223—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material containing metals, e.g. organo-metallic compounds, coordination complexes
- B01J20/226—Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF], zeolitic imidazolate frameworks [ZIF]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
- B01J20/28066—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being more than 1000 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3085—Chemical treatments not covered by groups B01J20/3007 - B01J20/3078
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/1691—Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C63/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C63/307—Monocyclic tricarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C65/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C65/01—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C65/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C65/01—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
- C07C65/03—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups monocyclic and having all hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C65/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C65/01—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
- C07C65/03—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups monocyclic and having all hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to the ring
- C07C65/05—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups monocyclic and having all hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to the ring o-Hydroxy carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/02—Iron compounds
- C07F15/025—Iron compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/04—Nickel compounds
- C07F15/045—Nickel compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
A method for preparing a metal-organic framework (MOF) material comprises the steps of mixing a solution of a metal compound and a solution comprising at least one multidentate organic ligand and maintaining the mixture at a suitable reaction temperature for sufficient time to form said metal-organic framework material, wherein the solvent used in the reaction comprises either water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent. The resultant MOFs have a surface area of at least 800 m2/g, preferably at least 1000 m2/g. Preferred metal compounds include nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate and anhydrous iron(II) acetate. Preferably, the multidentate organic ligand is a dicarboxylic acid, more preferably selected from 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate (dhtp) and benzene tricarboxylate (TBC). The preferred organic solvents are alkyl alcohols or alkyl polyols, most preferably selected from ethylene glycol, glycerol, hexanol, 2-butanone, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1-butanol. It is preferred that the reaction take place under reflux conditions.
Description
Intellectual Property Office Application No. GB1401248.S RTTVT Date:16 September 2014 The following terms are registered trade marks and should be read as such wherever they occur in this document: Quantachrorne (registered) Zeiss (registered) Sigma-Aldrich (registered) Ala Aesar (registered) PerkinEirner (registered) Intellectual Property Office is an operating name of the Patent Office www.ipo.govuk Method of Manufacture The present invention relates to metal-organic framework (MOF) materials and in particular to methods of preparing MOFs.
MOFs are materials having a metallic ion or metallic cluster and a bridging organic ligand. The ligands act as spacers, creating an open porous three-dimensional structure. MOFs have been described in many publications in the scientific literature and patents including, for example, US 5,648,508, in which the materials are prepared by mixing together a metal compound with at least one ligand containing multidentate functional groups and optionally a ligand containing a monodentate functional group with a solvent and a templating agent (which may comprise the solvent or ligand).
We have now discovered an alternative method of making MOF materials which offers a convenient method for scale-up.
According to the invention, a method of making a metal-organic framework material comprises the steps of mixing a solution of a metal compound and a solution of at least one multidentate organic ligand compound and maintaining the mixture at a suitable reaction temperature for sufficient time to form said metal-organic framework material, wherein the solvent used in the reaction comprises eitherwaterora mixture ofwaterand an organicsolvent.
According to the invention we also provide a crystalline MOF material which is made by, or is obtainable by, the process of the invention.
According to the invention we provide a metal-organic framework (MOF) material comprising a metallic ion or metallic cluster and at least one multidentate organic ligand, wherein said MOF material has a surface area of at least 80Cm2 pergram, preferably at least 100Cm2 pergram, as measured by nitrogen adsorption at 77K, using a BET method after drying the sample in a vacuum oven at 90°C and outgassing (activation) at a temperature of at least 150°C for at least 20 hours.
Any metal which is capable of bonding (including through covalent and/or coordinate and/or hydrogen bonding) to a multidentate organic ligand may be used. Suitable metals, include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, Au, Pt, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, TI, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, and Bi. Preferred metals which have been used to synthesise MOFs include Sc, Zr, Pd, Ag, In, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ga, Cu, Fe, Zn, Co, Ni, Al, Cd, Cr, Ti, Pt, Ru, Rh, Ir and Os. More than one metal or metal compound may be included in a MOF. The metal may. in particular, comprise Cu, Ni, Zn or Fe.
The metal compound may be selected from any compound which is soluble in the solvent used.
Suitable compounds include inorganic metal salts, such as metal nitrates, sulphates, halogenates, and organic salts such as acetates, formates or oxalates.
The multidentate ligand may be selected from many different compounds. The published prior art contains many examples of multidentate ligands which are useful for making MOFs, any of which could be used in the method of the present invention. Suitable compounds which have been used to form MOFs include alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclic compounds having functional groups capable of bonding to a metal atom. The functional group may, for example be selected from carboxy, hydroxy, sulphonate, silicate, thio, phosphoxy, nitro, amino and nitrile.
Examples of particular compounds which may be used to form the ligand include those containing carboxylic acid-functional groups, including dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acids, substituted terephthalic acids such as amino, hydroxy or dihydroxy terephthalic acid, benzene tricarboxylic acids biphenyldicarboxylic acids, naphthalene di and tn carboxylic acids, adamantane tetracarboxylic acids; nitrogen-and/or oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds such as substituted pyridines (for example pyridine carboxylic acids, eg pyridine 4-carboxylic acid or nicotinamides), bipyridines and substituted bipyridines, adenine, pyrimidine compounds and imidazole, tetrazole and pyrazole analogues. Examples of thio compounds include substituted thiophenes, e.g. thiophene 2,5 dicarboxylic acid. Preferred multidentate ligand-forming compounds include compounds having at least two carboxylic acid functional groups.
The multidentate ligand may be derived from an aromatic carboxylic acid including at least two carboxylic acid groups, including, for example an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or an aromatic tricarboxylic acid. Aromatic carboxylic acids may also include one or more hydroxyl or amino groups. For example, the ligand may be derived from benzenetricarboxylic acid.
dihydroxyterephthalic acid or 2-amino terephthalic acid. Carboxylic acid functional groups may be used in the form of a derivative. Carboxylic acid derivatives include salts.
The MOE material may comprise or consist of a compound represented by the formula Mx(dhtp) or a hydrate thereof, where the metal is selected from Cu, Ni, Fe or Zn and dhtp represents dihydroxy terephthalate and xis 4/the valency of the metal. Alternatively the MOF material may comprise or consist of a compound represented by the formula Mx(BTC), where the metal is selected from Cu, Ni, Fe or Zn and BTC represents benzenetricarboxylate and xis 3/the valency of the metal.
One or more monodentate ligands may also be present in addition to the multidentate ligand.
The solvent used in the reaction comprises either water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent. The reaction solvent preferably comprises a mixture of water and organic solvent having a composition, by volume of from 100:0 -40:60, expressed as the volume % of water: volume % organic solvent. Water: organic volume ratios of 100:0 -50:50 are more preferred, in particular water: organic volume ratios in the range 100:0 -70:30, especially solvents containing at least 80% water. The use of water or solvent mixtures having a high content of water provides a benefit in terms of cost and environmental and safety considerations when the reaction is conducted at industrial scale. The organic solvent may be any solvent in which the ligand is soluble. We have found that, for the manufacture of CPO-27-Ni, in which the ligand is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, polar protic solvents are capable of yielding high surface area, thermally stable MOFs. Therefore polar protic solvents, such as alkyl alcohols and diols for example, are preferred. The organic solvent may be selected from the group consisting of alkyl alcohols and alkyl polyols. Ethylene glycol, glycerol, n-butanol and 2-butanone have been particularly effective in the presence of water. Preferably the organic solvent has a relative polarity (relative to water) of at least 0.7. The most preferred organic solvents include ethylene glycol and glycerol. Water is also a preferred solvent, in the absence of any organic solvent.
The reaction may be carried out in the absence of an added base. The absence of an added base in the reaction mixture simplifies the washing procedure and avoids the contamination of the product by salts formed in the reaction.
The relative amount of metal compound and multidentate ligand should be at least sufficient to provide a stoichiometric ratio of metal to ligand to form the desired MOE. An excess of the metal compound may be used. Normally the metal compound is dissolved in water before the reaction. Normally the ligand is dissolved in the organic solvent, although when it is desired to carry out the reaction in water alone, the ligand may be dissolved in water. The reaction may be carried out in an open reaction system, for example under refiux, in which the pressure is ambient pressure or a pressure which is substantially ambient. Alternatively the reaction may be carried out in a sealed or partially sealed system in which the pressure is greater than ambient pressure. An example of such a reaction system is a solvothermal reaction. The reaction is preferably carried out under reflux, although other methods may be employed.
The reaction temperature may be greater than or equal to 50 °C. The reaction temperature may be less than or equal to 100 °C. The reaction temperature is preferably in the range from 50- 100°C. We have found that at temperatures <50°C, the reaction may be very slow. When the temperature used is greater than about 100°C, the properties of the MOF begin to decline.
Without wishing to be bound by theory, we postulate that this may be due to the change in the dielectric properties of water above 100°C, leading to a change in the pH of the solution.
The characteristics of the organic solvent appear to determine the characteristics of the material produced, in particular the crystallite size, surface area and thermal stability. Using the preferred method it is possible to form crystals of metal-organic framework material having a crystallite size, as determined by X-Ray diffraction, of at least 100 nm. The crystallite size is estimated using Pawley analysis. A preferred MOF material according to the invention has an average crystallite size of at least 100 nm. The MOF material may have a generally rod-shaped crystalline structure. The MOF material may have a rod-shaped crystalline structure having a polygonal, especially a hexagonal, cross-section. By rod-shaped we mean an anisotropic 3-dimensional shape having a length (L) at least 2* diameter (or width), i.e. L/D»= 2.
We have found that the method of the invention may produce a crystalline MOF product having a surface area of at least 1000 m2 per gram, as measured by nitrogen adsorption at 77K, using a BET method after drying the sample in a vacuum oven at 90°C and outgassing (activation) at a temperature of at least 150°C for at least 20 hours. The method of the invention may produce crystalline MOF product having a surface area of at least 1100 m2 pergram, A preferred MOF material according to the invention has a surface area of at least 800 m2 per gram, preferably 1000 m2 per gram, especially at least 1100 m2 per gram.
The invention will be further described in the following examples.
Examrile 1 -4: Preparation of CPO-27-Ni at varying scale The MOF known as CPO-27-Ni has the composition Ni2(dhtp)(F-120)2, where dhtp is 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate. CPO-27-Ni was prepared by the following method. Ni(ll) acetate4H20 (Alfa Aesar, 98%) was dissolved in a volume of distilled water, shown in Table 1. 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (dhtp)(Aldrich, 98%) was dissolved in the same volume of tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.9%). The two solutions were stirred until a clear solution was obtained and then placed in a round-bottom-flask, which was subsequently attached to a reflux condenser. Each of the two precursors was dissolved in three quarters of the amount of solvent shown in Table 1, the remaining volume of solvent being used to rinse the beakers to ensure that all of the reactants were washed into the flask. The molar ratio Ni(ll)/2,5 dihydroxyterephthalic acid was 2:1. The mixture was kept under reflux with stirring for 24 hours.
The temperature of reaction was 67°C. Once the reaction was completed, the final product was washed three times with 500m1 distilled water for 20 minutes each time. The product was filtered by vacuum filtering using ceramic funnels and then dried in air for a day, then under vacuum at 80°C for 24 h. The dried product consisted of yellow-ochre crystals.
The product was characterised by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to determine the metal content. The yield was calculated on the basis of the nickel, using a nickel assay determined by ICP. X-Ray diffraction (Cu K cx radiation, Ni filter, scanned from 10 to 130° 20 at ambient temperature) was used for identification of crystalline phases and measurement of crystallite size, by Pawley analysis, calculated at the width at half maximum height of the relevant peak. The surface area was measured by nitrogen adsorption at 77K, using a BET method on a Quantachrome Autosorb 1 instrument, after drying the sample in a vacuum oven at 90°C and outgassing (activation) at 150°C for 22 hours in the adsorption apparatus. The nitrogen adsorption was measured at ten points between a relative pressure P/P0 of 0.01 and 0.1. The total pore volume was determined by measuring the gas adsorbed per gram of sample at a relative pressure p/pO: 0.5. Thermal behaviour and stability was analysed by thermogravimetric analysis in air between 35°C and 600°C at a heating rate of 10°C/minute using a TM TG/DTA instrument from Perkin Elmer. The temperature of onset of thermal degradation was calculated using instrument-specific software. SEM images were obtained using a Zeiss Ultra 55 instrument. The scale bar shown at the bottom left hand side of the images represents 100 nm. All images are shown at approximately the same magnification.
S
Without wishing to be bound by theory, we postulate that when very low volumes of solvent are present, the amount of solvent trapped within the pores is less, and that this affects the surface area, in particular. Samples 2 -5 began to decompose at temperatures between 240 and 250°C, whilst sample 1 appeared more thermally stable, having a decomposition temperature above 290°C.
Table 1
Amount A V I THF Vol Ni % Yield Crystallite Surface Example Ni(ll) dhtp(g) (ml) H20 % size (nm) area (m2Ig) ___________ salt (g) _________ __________ (ml) ________ ________ ___________ _____________ 1 0.747 0.297 5 5 na na 63.2 1037 2 7.466 2.972 50 50 na na 60.5 506 3 14.932 5.944 100 100 24.8 78.2 44.2 466 4 22.397 8.916 150 150 24.5 77.0 48.9 425 29.864 11.888 200 200 24.2 76.6 51.2 291 Example 6-12: Preparation of CPO-27-Ni in different solvents The preparation described above was repeated using 20 ml water as solvent for the nickel acetate (1.492g) and 20 ml of an organic solvent as shown in Table 2, for dissolving the dhtp (0.596g). Example 10 used only water. The reactions were carried out at boiling temperature unless the solvent mixture boiled above 100°C, in which case the temperature was less than boiling point. Once the reaction was completed, the final product was washed three times with 500m1 distilled water for 20 minutes each time. The product was filtered by vacuum filtering, dried in air for a day, then dried under vacuum at 80°C for 24 h. The dried product consisted of yellow-ochre crystals.
Characterisation was done as previously described. Table 3 shows the surface area measured for each sample by the BET method after activation at the temperature shown in the table and also the measured pore volume, crystallite size and temperatures of the start of decomposition and total decomposition from the DSC measurements.
The samples were also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Images for samples prepared in Examples 6-12 are shown in Figure 1-1G, respectively.
The XRD patterns of samples from Examples 6-12 are shown in Fig 2, together with a reference pattern for CPO-27-Ni (bottom trace, on horizontal axis). All of the traces are similar to each otherand to the reference pattern.
Table 2
Organic Ni Yield BP of Solvent % % Reaction T Example Organic solvent organic polarity / solvent (°C) (relative to _________ _________________ _____________ ______________ water) _____ _______ 6 Ethylene glycol 94 197 0.79 34.3 86.2 7 hexanol 100 157 0.56 33.5 69.9 8 2-butanone 75 79 0.33 30.9 75.9 9 THF 67 66 0.21 24.5 71.0 none 100 -1.00 32.2 80.0 11 glycerol 94 290 0.81 29.6 >65.2 12 1-butanol 94 117 0.60 29.4 84.2
Table 3
Surface Area (m2/g) at Pore volume activation temperature (cc/g) following T of start T of total outgassing at Crystallite decomposition decomposition Example 150°C 200°C 220°C 200°C size (nm) (°C) (°C) 6 1103 1024 0.43 120 270 282 7 912 1272 0.34 96 262 277 8 1221 1008 0.40 83.8 255 274 468 374 0.30 33 220 254 122 1025 0.41 106 265 284 11 242 827 1370 0.34 107 250 271 12 1308 946 0.43 56.4 249 263 Examplesl 3 & 14: Preparation of CPO-27-Ni at different temperatures The preparation was repeated using, as a solvent, a 1:1 by volume mixture of ethylene glycol and water following the general method described in Example 1. The reaction temperatures used were 110°C (boiling point of the solvent mixture) and 67°C. Characterisation was done as previously described, including surface area measurement by BET following outgassing (activation) at 150°C. The results are shown in Table 4 and compared with Example 6 above.
Table 4
Reaction Ni Yield Crystallite Surface Tof start Example Organic solvent T % % size (nm) area (m2Ig) decomposition ______ ____________ (°C) ____ ____ _______ ________ (°C) 6 Ethylene glycol 94 34.3 86.2 120 1103 270 13 Ethylene glycol 110 33.6 83.5 118 1082 261 14 Ethylene glycol 67 26.6 9.9 98 261 Example 15: Preparation of CPO-27-Ni at Ni:dhtp molar ratio 3:1 22.4 g of Ni(ll) acetate4H20 (Alfa Aesar, 98%) was dissolved in 100 ml distilled water. 5.9 g of 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (Aldrich, 98%) was dissolved in 100 ml of ethylene glycol (Alfa Aesar, 99%) in a separate beaker. The two solutions were stirred for 10 minutes and added to a round-bottom-flask, which was subsequently attached to a reflux condenser. The molar ratio Ni(ll)12,5 dihydroxyterephthalic acid was 3:1. The mixture was kept under reflux and stirring for 24 hours. The temperature of reaction was set at 94°C. Once the reaction was completed, the final product was washed three times with distilled water. 9.2 g of CPO-27-Ni was collected, weighed before activation. The surface area of the product was measured as 1335 m2/g.
Example 16: Preparation of Fe(BTC) at Fe(ll): BTC molar ratio of 3:1 2.61 g of Fe(ll)acetate (anhydrous) was partially dissolved in 50 ml deionised H20. 2.139 of benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) was dissolved in 50 ml ethanol. The solutions were mixed in a round bottomed flask and the mixture appeared to form a turbid suspension. After reflux at 78°C, under stirring, for 24 h, 4.64g of a salmon pink-coloured material was collected by filtration. XRD analysis showed that the so obtained material was crystalline, matching the structure of MIL-100. The X-ray diffractogram is shown in Fig 3. This synthesis of MIL-100 can be contrasted with synthesis reported in the literature requiring HF solvent and harsh conditions.
Materials obtained by this method had measured surface areas of 1300-1700 m2/g.
Example 17: Preparation of Fe(BTC) at Fe(lll) : BTC molar ratio of 1.5:1 26.9 g of Fe(ll)acetate were dissolved in 500 ml deionised H20. Upon heating at 80°C the metal salt was completely dissolved. 21.3 g of benzenetricarboxylic acid were dissolved in 500 ml methylated spirits. The solutions were mixed in a round bottomed flask and the reflux was set at 78°C, under stirring, for 24 h. After 15 mm of reaction a precipitate was observed which was collected by filtration the following day and washed with 250 ml of methylated spirits. The following day the material was washed and filtered twice with 250 ml of methylated spirits. A range of surface areas between 400 -540 m2/g were measured for materials made in this way, depending if the N2 or Ar were used in the adsorption measurement.
Example 18
0.6059g of 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid was partially dissolved in 1 6m1 water. 1.5037g of Ni(ll) acetate4H20 was dissolved in 14 ml water. The two solutions were mixed with a pipette and then 2m1 of ethylene glycol were added. The mixture was refluxed at 94°C for 24h. The obtained material was washed with water. The material contained 23.8% Ni and had a BET surface area measured in the range 1100-1300 m2/g. The XRD pattern was found to be entirely consistent with CPO-27-Ni made by a conventional solvothermal method. The crystallite size, estimated by Pawley analysis, was lOSnm. The SEM image of the material is shown in Fig 4.
Example 19
0.6021g of 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid was partially dissolved in 20m1 water and 1.4996 g of NiQI) acetate4H20 was dissolved in 16 ml water. The two solutions were mixed with a pipette and then 4m1 of ethylene glycol were added. The mixture was refluxed at 94°C for 24h. The obtained material was washed with water. The material contained 23.8% Ni and had a BET surface area measured in the range 1100-1300 m2/g. The XRD pattern was found to be entirely consistent with CPO-27-Ni made by a conventional solvothermal method. The crystallite size, estimated by Pawley analysis, was ll8nm. The SEM image of the material is shown in FigS.
Claims (15)
- Claims 1. A method of making a metal-organic framework material comprises the steps of mixing a solution of a metal compound and a solution comprising at least one multidentate organic ligand and maintaining the mixture at a suitable reaction temperature for sufficient time to form said metal-organic framework material! wherein the solvent used in the reaction comprises either water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent.
- 2. A method as claimed in claim 1! wherein the multidentate organic ligand comprises at least one type of functional compound selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocyclic compounds wherein the heteroatom is N, 0 or Sand wherein the functional groups are selected from carboxyl, hydroxy, sulphonate, silicate, thio, phosphoxy, nitro, amino, amido and nitrilo.
- 3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multidentate organic ligand comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of aromatic carboxylic acids, aromatic dicartoxylic acids, aromatic tricarboxylic acids, biphenyldicarboxylic acids, naphthalene dicarboxylic acids, naphthalene tricarboxylic acids, adamantane tetracarboxylic acids, pyridine carboxylic acids, pyridine 4-carboxylic acid, nicotinamides, bipyridines and substituted bipyridines, adenine, pyrimidine compounds and imidazole, tetrazole and pyrazole analogues, substituted thiophenes, thiophene 2,5 dicarboxylic acid and aromatic carboxylic acids including one or more hydroxyl or amino groups.
- 4. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal compound comprises a compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of Sc, Zr, Pd, Ag, In, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ga, Cu, Fe, Zn, Co, Ni, Al, Cd, Cr, Ti, Pt, Ru, Rh, Ir and Os.
- 5. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of alkyl alcohols and alkyl polyols.
- 6. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reaction solvent comprises a mixture of water and organic solvent having a composition of from 100:0 - 40:60, expressed as the volume % of water: volume % organic solvent.
- 7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the reaction solvent comprises at least 80% water.
- 8. A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the reaction solvent comprises water in the absence of an organic solvent.
- 9. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reaction is carried out under reflux conditions.
- 1O.A metal-organic framework material having a surface area of at least 800 m2 pergram, preferably at least 1000 m2 per gram, as measured by nitrogen adsorption at 77K, using a BET method after drying the sample in a vacuum oven at 90°C and outgassing (activation) at a temperature of at least 150°C for at least 20 hours.
- 11. A metal-organic framework material according to claim 10, having an average crystallite size of 100 nm or more.
- 12.A metal-organic framework material according to any one of claims 10 -11, having a generally rod-shaped crystalline structure.
- 13. A metal-organic framework material according to any one of claims 10-12, wherein said metal is selected from Cu, Ni, Fe or Zn,
- 14. A metal-organic framework material according to any one of claims 10-13, which is made by or is obtainable by the process of any one of claims 1 -9.
- 15. A metal-organic framework material which is obtainable by the process of any one of claims 1 -9.
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CN109054035A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-21 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of nano flower-like Ti-MOF fluorescence probe material and the preparation method and application thereof |
CN109054035B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-11-10 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Nanometer flower-shaped Ti-MOF fluorescent probe material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113265065A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-08-17 | 江西理工大学 | Cadmium-based metal-organic framework with fluorescence recognition function on Al3+ and Ga3+ ions and preparation method thereof |
CN113265065B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2023-03-14 | 江西理工大学 | Cadmium-based metal-organic framework with fluorescence recognition function on Al3+ and Ga3+ ions and preparation method thereof |
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WO2014114948A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
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