GB2509782A

GB2509782A - Building component comprising timber chords and metal web connectors with secondary fixings longer than primary fixings

Info

Publication number: GB2509782A
Application number: GB1300725.7A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Anthony J Fillingham
Original assignee: Mitek Holdings Inc
Current assignee: Mitek Holdings Inc
Priority date: 2013-01-15
Filing date: 2013-01-15
Publication date: 2014-07-16
Also published as: GB201300725D0; EP2787141A2; EP2787141B1; EP2787141A3

Abstract

A building component comprises two generally parallel timber chords 2, 3, a plurality of metal web connectors for connecting the timber chords and a plurality of metal fixings adapted to penetrate and engage the chords to attach the web connectors. Primary fixings (19 Fig. 3b) are provided integral with the web connectors and secondary fixings 10 extend further into the timber chords than the primary fixings. The secondary fixings may comprise nails, screws or staples. Also claimed is a building component comprising two parallel timber chords joined by a plurality of web connectors, with a non-combustible material 15 between the chords. The material may be flexible or rigid, and may comprise stonewool.

Description

Building Component

Description

Introduction

[0001] The present invention relates to a building component for use in the built environment, such as may serve as a floor joist, roof rafter or wall stud, manufactured with timber chords separated by metal V shaped webs with integral teeth at their extents.

Background

[0002] Fire is a hazard during most construction processes and it is important that precautions are in place to mitigate the risk of spread of fire to adjacent buildings. Timber framed buildings including their associated timber floors are more vulnerable to fire during the construction phase because the linings to the walls and ceilings which the timber frame and timber floors relies upon to give fire protection are not normally in place until the whole timber frame building is complete.

[0003] There has been a lot of research and development over the last few years leading to the development of chemicals and processes which when impregnated into exposed timber studs, chords and decking boards offer fire retardant attributes reducing the spread of flame whilst not reducing the structural properties of the timber members and not corroding metal fixing driven into these fire retardant treated components; which was a problem with older fire retardant chemicals and processes.

[0004] There has also been a lot of research and development of different types of timber frame construction where either reduced combustion or non-combustible internal and external linings form part of the pre-manufactured timber frame walls, offering immediate protection of the timber stud members within the wall and not providing a material which can burn or easily spread flame to adjacent components which are combustible.

[0005] Solid timber generally has a predicted burn rate and the charring of the timber protects the un-burnt core, however when timber burns the edges of the timber (arris) are attacked by fire so square edges become round and any short teeth connectors in the edge become less effective. For pre-formed timber joists or rafters formed by joining timber chords with metal webs, as described in applicant's patent publication GB 2470721, the last row of teeth on the integral connector plates at the extent of the metal webs become less effective during and after a fire, and this weakens the joist or rafter.

[0006] In addition open web joists such as described in GB 2470721 allow fire to spread both longitudinally and laterally across the floor deck so the rate of spread of flame is greater than for a solid timber section.

Summary of the Invention

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a building component for use in a built environment, the component comprising: two generally parallel elongate timber chords; a plurality of metal web connectors for connecting the timber chords; a plurality of metal fixings adapted to penetrate and engage the timber chords to attach the metal web connectors to the timber chords; wherein the metal fixings comprise primary metal fixings integral with the web connectors; and secondary metal fixings located in an end region of the component, which extend further into the timber than the primary metal fixings.

[0008] Preferably the secondary fixings connecting end region web connectors extend into the timber to a depth of at least one twentieth the width of the timber chord, more preferably at least one tenth, even more preferably at least one quarter, and optionally at least one third and up to one half the width of the chord.

[0009] The secondary fixings may comprise nails, screws or staples.

[0010] The nails, screws or staples may be driven through holes or slots in the metal web connectors. They may be engaged during the manufacturing process or alternatively engaged during installation of the building component on site during a build.

[0011] Alternatively the secondary fixings may be integrally formed with the respective metal web connector.

[0012] According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a building component for use in a built environment, the component comprising: two generally parallel elongate timber chords joined together by a plurality of metal web connectors, and comprising a non-combustible material between the elongate chords.

[0013] Preferably the material is flexible. Advantageously it is rigid rather than supplied in a roll.

[0014] According to one embodiment the non-combustible material is compressed between the timber chords to provide a tight fit.

[0015] Preferably the non-combustible material does not shrink when subjected to high temperatures.

[0016] One example of a suitable non-combustible material is commonly known as Stonewool. There are a number of proprietary brands which are readily available in standard batt widths and lengths which are easily out either in the factory during manufacture of the building item, or on site, for example to allow passage of building services such as pipes and wires.

[0017] This arrangement serves to retard the spread of fire and reduce the rate of spread of flame, for example laterally across a floor deck which uses such building items as floor joists, or through a roof which uses such items as roof rafters, or through a wall which uses such building items as wall studs.

[0018] The rows of connectors in the integral connector plate ends of the metal webs which may have become ineffective if the timber edges have burnt away, forming a round rather than square edge, are still effective because of the secondary fixings comprising enhanced nails, screws or staples driven through the connector into the un-burnt solid core of the timber chords. The additional fixings not only restore the effectiveness of the integral connector plated ends of the metal webs during or after a fire but increase the anchorage strength capacity of the metal webs even if there is no fire.

[0019] Advantageously both aspects of the invention can be combined to provide a building component which has increased fire retardance and increased effectiveness even after a fire.

Specific embodiments [0020] Figure 1 is a perspective view of part of a building component such as a joist or rafter according to the prior art.

[0021] Figure 2 is a perspective view of part of a building component according to the invention.

[0022] Figure 3a is a cross section through two building components according to the invention, and Figure 3b is an enlarged view of part of Figure 3a.

[0023] Figure 4 is an elevation view of a building component according to the invention.

Detailed descriptions of drawings

[0024] Figure 1 shows a building component 1 which may form a floor joist, roof rafter or wall stud. It comprises two parallel timber chords 2, 3 and two metal web connectors 4, 5 which hold the timber chords 2, 3 in spaced relationship. The metal web connectors 4, 5 are formed by stamping metal forms and folding over the long edges 6 to increase strength. They have metal teeth (not shown) integrally formed of the metal, at the extremities (in the regions 7 and 8) and these teeth penetrate the wood of the timber chords 2, 3. These teeth are indicated more clearly in Figure 4 which shows the rectangular holes 18 formed by stamping teeth shapes so that they protrude perpendicular to the plane of the web connector.

[0025] Figure 2 illustrates a similar building component 1 according to the invention. The metal web 4 is connected to the timber chords 2, 3 by additional protruberances such as fixings 10 which may be nails, screws or staples. These are driven through the metal web 4 into the timber of the chords 2, 3 so as to penetrate further into the timber than the integral teeth of the web 4.

[0026] This is illustrated more clearly in Figure 3a which shows two such building components 1A, lB arranged to support a floor deck 12. The nails, screws or staples 10 penetrate a significant distance into the timber, preferably into the core of the timber chords. The nails, screws or staples 10 achieve advantages by penetrating at least one twentieth of the thickness of the chord but increasing advantages can be achieved if they penetrate one tenth, one fifth, one quarter, one third or one half of the thickness. Figure 3b is an enlarged view of part of one timber chord showing that the nails or screws 10 penetrate significantly more than the integral metal teeth 19.

[0027] By way of one example, the integral teeth 19 typically extend around 8mm into the timber whereas the nails or screws forming secondary fixings 10 might typically extend 50mm into the timber. Timber chords may typically be up to about 147mm wide.

[0028] A fire retardant material 15 is located between the chords 2, 3 to prevent, or at least reduce, the spread of fire longitudinally and laterally. This may be Stonewall material or any other known fire retardant. It is preferably flexible but rigid enough to be self-supporting in the space between the chords 2, 3. The webs 4, 5 help to retain the fire retardant material 15 in place. The material 15 may also be compressed and is resistant to shrinking at extreme temperatures, e.g. high heat.

[0029] The nails, screws or staples 10 are preferably driven through the holes 18 in the web 4, which are formed when the integral teeth are stamped out. This can be seen more clearly in Figure 4.

[0030] It will be seen that use of fire retardant material between chords significantly improves the fire safety of buildings constructed with building components, such as joists, according to the present invention.

[0031] Similarly use of the nails, screws or staples 10 increases the integrity of the building components in the event of a fire, thus making such buildings more robust and resilient to fire damage, and structurally stronger, even if the timber has suffered fire damage.

Claims

Claims 1. A building component for use in a built environment, the component ccmprising: two generally parallel elongate timber chords; a plurality of metal web connectors for connecting the timber chords; a plurality of metal fixings adapted to penetrate and engage the timber chords to attach the metal web connectors to the timber ohords; wherein the metal fixings comprise primary metal fixings integral with the web connectors; and secondary metal fixings located in an end region of the component, which extend further intc the timber than the primary metal fixings.
2. A building compcnent according tc claim 1 wherein each metal web ccnnector located in an end region of the compcnent is connected to the timber chords by a plurality of secondary fixings which extend into the timber to a depth of at least cne twentieth the width cf the timber chord.
3. A building component according to claim 1 wherein each metal web ccnnector located in an end region of the compcnent is connected to the timber chords by a plurality of secondary fixings which extend into the timber to a depth of at least one tenth the width of the timber chord.
4. A building component according to claim 1 wherein each metal web connector located in an end region of the component is connected to the timber chords by a plurality of secondary fixings which extend into the timber to a depth at least one third the width of the timber chord.
5. A building component according to claim 1 wherein each metal web connector located in an end region of the component is connected to the timber chords by a plurality of secondary fixings which extend into the timber to a depth of at least one half the width of the timber chord.
6. A building compcnent according tc any cne of the preceding claims wherein each metal web ccnnector located in an end region of the component is connected to the timber chords by a plurality of secondary fixings which extend into the timber at least twice as far as the primary fixings.
7. A building component according to any one of the preceding claims wherein said secondary fixings comprise nails, screws or staples.
8. A building component for use in a built environment, the component comprising: two generally parallel elongate timber chords joined together by a plurality of metal web connectors, and comprising a non-combustible material between the elongate chords.
9. A building component according to claim 8 wherein the material is flexible.
10. A building component according to claim 8 or 9 wherein the material is rigid.
11. A building component according to claim 8, 9 or 10 wherein the material is compressed between the timber chords.
12. A building component according to any one of claims 8 to 11 wherein the material is impervious to shrinkage when subjected to high temperatures.
13. A building component according to any one of claims 8 to 12 wherein the material comprises Stonewool.
14. A building component acoording to any one of olaims 1 to 7 and according to any one of claims 8 to 13.
15. A building component substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated.-10 -