GB2508709A

GB2508709A - Passenger carrying vehicle

Info

Publication number: GB2508709A
Application number: GB1317807.4A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Paul Henty
Original assignee: HENTY CAPITAL Ltd
Current assignee: HENTY CAPITAL Ltd
Priority date: 2012-10-08
Filing date: 2013-10-08
Publication date: 2014-06-11
Also published as: GB201317807D0; GB201217962D0

Abstract

A passenger-carrying vehicle 700 comprising a motor-powered scooter and a passenger-carrying section 712, the motor scooter comprising a rider or driver seat 703 and the passenger-carrying section 712 comprising a passenger seat. The passenger-carrying section 712 comprises a module mounted on or integral with a rear portion of the scooter, said module712 and said passenger seat being aligned with a longitudinal vehicular axis and wherein the passenger seat is arranged to be rearward-facing in the module and the scooter comprises a step-through frame. Also claimed is a passenger-carrying module for use with a motor powered bike or motor scooter, wherein the passenger-carrying module comprises a passenger seat, the passenger-carrying module being adapted for mounting on a rear portion of said scooter such that said module and said passenger seat therein are aligned with a longitudinal vehicular axis and wherein the passenger seat is arranged to be rearward-facing in the module. The scooter may be three-wheeled with two front wheels 704 and a single rear wheel 705, the scooter being adapted to lean when steering around bends.

Description

IMPROVEMENTS IN PASSENGER-CARRYING VEHICLES

BACKGROUND

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to the field of passenger transport. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present invention concerns improved passenger-carrying vehicles for circumventing the problems with traffic congestion.

Description of the Related Art

Traffic congestion is an increasing problem caused by a greater number of vehicles, both private and public, taking to the roads. Traffic congestion is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased queuing of vehicles.

Traffic congestion problems are frequently experienced in and around cities and towns, especially at rush-hour when the capacity of roads in and out of cities and towns, cannot cope with the number of vehicles. This has been mainly attributed to the greater number of private cars being used for travel.

Shared public transport, which includes buses, trams, trains and other such rapid transit, such as metro! subways! underground networks, etc., are generally convenient alternatives to a private car for the general public on their commute to work. All of these forms of transport work together as a comprehensive transportation network in and around a city or town to get a passenger from one point to another. These forms of transport have designated pick-up and drop-off points and work to a set schedule. A passenger may need to employ a number of different forms of public transport on a journey for arrival at a place at a specific time. Unfortunately, for a busy person, transferring from one form or transport to another requires planning, is time-consuming and is not always convenient. In addition to the above, the road-using forms of public transport are also subject to the same traffic congestion issues and do not necessarily get a passenger to a specific location at the scheduled time.

A taxicab, that can be classed as public or private transport, provides passengers with the added benefits that they can (a) be picked-up at a specific location of their choice, easily find a taxicab at a local designated rank, or hail a public taxicab almost anywhere in a city location, (b) be dropped-off at a specific locaton of their choice, (c) pre-book a service for peace of mind, (d) guarantee themselves a seat and conduct business during travel, (e) take a direct journey without changes along the way, (f) remain warm and dry during the journey, and (g) accommodate significant luggage if required. Taxicabs are often the preferred choice for convenient and easy travel around a busy city for business passengers.

Unfortunately, the taxicab shares a common problem with all of the above other road-using forms of transport, namely that they are also limited by traffic congestion. This can be both expensive and frustrating for the business passenger, who is often under considerable time pressures.

A relatively new concept in some countries is the use of motorcycle taxis. These are a licensed form of transport comprising of a standard two-seater motorbike. Typically, the motorcycle taxi will carry one passenger, but sometimes two or more, who ride pillion behind the motorcycle rider. The benefit of a motorcycle taxi is that they can often weave in and out of the spaces between the cars and therefore, cut down the journey time.

However, for any passenger, there are a number of disadvantages and limitations to this form of transport including (i) the requirement to wear a crash helmet and leathers, (H) having to sit closely behind and in contact with the rider, (Hi) having to sit astride the bike which can be uncomfortable and ungainly, (iv) being exposed to the weather and traffic fumes, and (v) being in an open seated position which might feel relatively unsafe to some passengers unaccustomed to motorbike travel.

For a business passenger, or high profile person of interest, who is not usually suitably dressed for motorcycling, there are a number of additional disadvantages and limitations provided by this form of transport including (vi) no possibility of conducting business during travel, and (vU) usually no accommodation for business papers and baggage if required.

In summary, the standard motorcycle taxi has not yet provided an adequate travel solution for the majority of passengers.

A modified motorcycle is described by US 2006/0249322, which accommodates both a rider and a passenger who have physical limitatons. The motorcycle has a dual back wheel to offer stability, a wide rear passenger seat and a full driver seat. Each seat is configured much like a wheelchair seat and is provided with a backrest and side rails for safety. The motorcycle is fully operated by controls on or near the handgrips of the steering column. The passenger of the modified motorcycles is exposed to the weather and traffic fumes and provides an open seated position which might feel relatively unsafe to some passengers unaccustomed to motorbike travel. There is also little possibility of conducting business during travel and no accommodation for business papers and baggage if required.

A four-wheeled city car has been described in W099/54188. The car is of small overall dimension than a typical private car and carries a driver and a passenger. Whilst the cabin is covered, the rear passenger seat is of motorbike-style and is placed close to the front driver seat so as to present a straddled seating position. The main aim of this car is to make greater use of parking areas in large cities by making cars smaller in size, both lengthways and widthways. This city car still requires the passenger to sit closely behind rider and astride the driver seat which can be uncomfortable and ungainly. Additionally, there appears to be little possibility of conducting business during trave and no accommodation for business papers and baggage. The city car is unsuitable for manoeuvring between stationary and slow-moving vehicles in congested traffic.

Whilst both of the above arrangements have some advantages over the standard motorcycle taxi, neither arrangement considers both the travel comfort and convenience of the passenger in addition to tackling the problem of shorter journey times in traffic congestion.

It is therefore, an object of the present invention to address one or more of the problems of the prior art as discussed herein or otherwise.

Therefore, it is now desired to provide an improved form of travel for a passenger in traffic congested areas.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect of the present invention there is provided a passenger-carrying vehicle comprising a motor scooter and a passenger-carrying section, the motor scooter comprising a rider or driver seat and the passenger-carrying section comprising a passenger seat, the passenger-carrying section comprising a separate module mounted on a rear portion of the scooter, said module and said passenger seat being aligned with a longitudinal vehicular axis and wherein the passenger seat is arranged to be rearward-facing in the module and the scooter comprises a step-through frame.

By motor scooter', what is meant is a two-wheeled or three-wheeled vehicle powered by a motor.

By step-through frame', what is meant is a low flat platform between the steering column and the seating column at foot level in order that a rider's leg can pass through the frame to sit on the rider seat.

By module', what is meant is an individual, self-contained assembly for carrying the passenger.

With this arrangement, the passenger has their own space in which to sit and travel rather than having to sit closely behind and in contact with the rider. However, the configuration of the passenger module and the bike in linear arrangement with the passenger-carrying section mounted on the rear portion of the bike allows for a compact vehicle that provides the advantages of a motorbike through travel congested areas, namely: the ability to manoeuvre between other stationary and slow-moving vehicles. The use of a motor scooter has a number of distinct advantages with the present invention, namely that the rider can seat themselves or the rider's seat with ease without having to tip the frame or use an aid to pass one leg over the body of the vehicle as would be required with a motor bike of conventional construction. In fact, the present arrangement would be almost impossible and not at all convenient for a rider to mount given the proximity of the passenger module to the rider seat.

The motor scooter arrangement presents: less risk of stretching or ripping clothes when mounting the saddle, is very quick to mount and dismount, so is suitable for delivery bicycles, or any journey with many stops; is more suitable for those with restricted agility; and is potentially safer than a high crossbar since a rider who loses balance can step through the bicycle without becoming entangled.

The vehicle may be two-wheeled, although a greater number of wheels may be used.

The two wheels may be arranged in tandem along the longitudinal axis of the scooter.

Preferably, the vehicle is three-wheeled. The three-wheels may be provided in series along the vehicle frame. Preferably however, the vehicle comprises two wheels in parallel arrangement at a front end of the scooter and a single wheel at a rear end of the scooter, although the reverse arrangement may be employed. With this arrangement, greater stability and traction can be provided in the vehicle.

The vehicle may therefore comprise a tilting mechanism associated with retaining both parallel wheels in contact with the ground when banking corners. Accordingly, the tilting mechanism may comprise a parallelogram linkage to allow the parallel wheels to manoeuvre like a single front wheel.

Preferably, the module is located at least partially over a rear wheel of the scooter.

Preferably, the module comprises a front end that is forward facing on the vehicle and a rear end that is rearward facing on the vehicle.

Most preferably, a majority of the rearward-facing seat is located over the rear wheel of the scooter. Even more preferably, the passenger seat is arranged within the module such that a backrest of the passenger seat is substantially in back-to-back arrangement with the drivers seat. With this arrangement, the passenger seat can be a conventional seat, such as an individual seat employed in a car. Furthermore, since the passenger seat faces rearwardly, whilst the passenger seat is located primarily over the rear wheel, the passenger does not have to sit astride the rear wheel or other part of the scooter, thereby improving comfort and avoiding an urgainly seated position.

Preferably, therefore, the module comprises a passenger cabin. Preferably, the cabin comprises at least a base and an upper frame. Preferably, the frame defines a passenger seating area. This arrangement defines a specific area for the passenger separate from the driver, like a taxicab.

Preferably, the cabin comprises a solid roof. Preferably, the cabin at least comprises one or more lower walls extending upwardly from the base of the cabin. With some open walls and a roof, a passenger can feel suitably enclosed and such an arrangement may be suitable in warm climates.

Most preferably however, the cabin is substantially sheltered on all sides and may therefore, comprise a fully enclosed capsule or pod. The frame is preferably covered by a shell. This creates a passenger environment that is not exposed to the weather and traffic fumes and also, may feel safer to passengers unaccustomed to motorbike travel, by providing a covered conventional seated position. In addition, since the cabin is enclosed and the seat is configured so that the passenger does not have to hold-on for stability, there is the possibility of conducting business during travel, such as making phone calls, checking e-mails, etc. The travelling environment provided is much more akin to that of a taxicab.

Preferably, the base of the cabin accommodates the rear wheel of the scooter.

Preferably therefore, the base comprises a wheel casing protruding upwardly from the base.

Preferably, the wheel casing is located adjacent the front end of the cabin. With this arrangement, the cabin can be mounted at a suitably low level from the ground to increase stability (low centre of gravity), whilst the wheel casing can be concealed by the passenger seat.

Furthermore, the wheel casing may provide a support or mounting for the passenger seat. Preferably, the base provides a free area/ space either side of the wheel casing. The space either side of the wheel casing provides storage space for baggage, etc. Preferably the front end of the module comprises a front wall. Most preferably, the front wall is substantially upright and extends upwardly from the base and/or the wheel casing.

Preferably, the front wall is at least forward of the rear wheel axis, most preferably forward of the rear wheel in its entirety. Preferably, the passenger seat is configured with a seat pad mounted at least partially over the wheel casing. Preferably, said backrest is supported by said front wall. This arrangement is practical from a stability point of view, since during travel, the majority of the weight of a passenger will be located over the rear wheel of the scooter and reduce the chance of rearing of the scooter. This removes the need for a further wheel on the vehicle, which would possibly compromise the normal seating position or the compact nature of the vehicle.

Preferably, the base provides a substantially flat portion at the rear end of the cabin.

The flat portion provides a suitable foot well or foot rest area.

Preferably, said front wall provides a backrest for the rider seat and may be externally moulded for comfort of the rider.

Preferably, the frame and the base are configured to provide a safety or roll-cage for the module and may comprise a number of side and overhead roll bars. Preferably, the frame comprises at least a central overhead roll bar extending axially from the rear end of the base to an upper point of the front wall.

Preferably, the cabin is encased in a suitably collision-and shatter-proof material, most preferably, a high grade carbon fibre, although fibre glass may be used. Even more preferably, the material comprises steel or metal alloy reinforcement. Most preferably, the base of the capsule (where a passenger's legs would be located) comprises metal-reinforced carbon fibre, or other equivalent material at at least the rear end. By providing a well-protected environment inside the cabin, the requirement to wear a crash helmet and leathers is negated, making the travel experience more akin to getting in a taxicab. The use of carbon fibre and a roll cage provides fire protection and the overall weight of the passenger compartment is minimised whHst ensuring that strength and crash resistance properties are not ccmpromised.

Preferably, the vehicle comprises a jacking system that lifts the rear wheel off the ground. Preferably, the jacking system is automatic and may be controlled by a lever operated by the driver. Alternatively, the jacking system may be electro hydraulic. With this arrangement, the vehicle is supported by something other than the rider during passenger access and exit from the cabin.

As an alternative to the above, the module may be adapted to manoeuvre from an elevated position to a ground-engaging position. Most preferably, the module comprises a lowering and raising mechanism to manoeuvre between elevated (travel) and ground-engaging positions. Preferably, the lowering mechanism comprises movement of the module from the elevated position in an axial direction until the front wall is rearward of said rear wheel, followed by downward movement of the module to the ground-engaging position. The raising mechanism preferably comprises the lowering mechanism of the module in reverse. The mechanism may be hydraulic. This mechanism would not only result in a stable stand but allow ease of access and exit for the passenger.

The module may comprise external inflatables. The external inflatables may be deployed by proximity sensors, for example, triggering inflation once tipping exceeds 2O from the vertical. The internal inflatables may be inflatable in stages. Preferably, the inflatables are connected to a compressed-air pump. Preferably, the inflatables deflate by reversal of the compressed-air pumps. The inflatables may therefore, comprise a number of inflatable zones capable of rapid inflation upon detection of leaning beyond certain predetermined thresholds.

The inflatables increase passenger safety and confidence in addition to increasing comfort for the rider and protection against whiplash. The external inflatables may be deployed from a lower external part of the module. The external inflatables may be configured and shaped to resist excessive tipping in addition to providing collision airbags. By way of example only, the external airbags may be deployed upon detection of a tipping angle of beyond 4O and! or a proximity of less than 30cm. The external inflatables increase passenger safety in the event of a collision.

Preferably, the passenger seat comprises arm rests that may fold away. The arm rests may comprise handles for gripping by a passenger. The handles may fold away.

Preferably, the passenger seat comprises a safety belt.

The safety belt may comprise a full four point harness to restrain a passenger's shoulders and torso. Alternatively, the safety belt may comprise a simple lap belt in combination with a lateral restraint solution.

One lateral restraint solution may comprise internal inflatables provided on both sides of the passerger seat. The internal inflatables may be triggered by a tipping sensor as described in relation to the external inflatables. A first inflation stage may provide a basic buffer for a passenger against normal lateral leaning when the scooter corners during travel.

The first stage may be automatically triggered by the weight of a passenger on the seat pad.

The first inflation stage inflatables may be inflated to a low pressure, for example to 0.5 psi.

Preferably, deflation is effected as a passenger gets up from the seat. An ultimate stage may provide a full side air bag in the event that the module is tipping over. One or more intermediate stages may provide more robust buffers between the primary and ultmate stages.

A second lateral restraint solution may comprise mechanically adjustable side supports provided on the passenger seat. The side supports may be operable by a lever, or be automatically triggered by the weight of a passenger on the seat pad. The adjustable side supports may therefore, intelligently move into position against at least a passenger's hips and shoulders. Preferably, the adjustable side supports are ergonomically shaped and padded for comfort. Engagement of the lap belt preferably locks the supports into position and unlocks the supports once the lap belt is disengaged.

A third lateral restraint solution may comprise hydraulically operated sde cushions.

Hydraulically operated rams may extend cushions into place once a passenger is seated.

Again, the cushions may be operated by a micro switch under the passenger seat triggered by the weight of a passenger on the seat pad. The cushions may be inflatables or foam pads.

Preferably, the cushion side supports are by reversal of the rams as a passenger gets up from the seat.

Preferably, the module comprises passenger access. The access may comprise at least one openable door.

Preferably, the module is aerodynamically shaped. Preferably, the outer shell of the module comprises smooth curves wherever possible.

Accordingly, the shell may be roughly shaped as a right-angled tetrahedron with rounded contours. Preferably, the sloping upper faces of the tetrahedron are convexly curved.

The shell may comprise the shape of a semi-dome. The base of the module may be stretched such that the semi-domal shape of the shell is laterally elongated. The base of the module is preferably substantially ogival in shape with a substantially straight edge at the front end of the module. This arrangement provides an adequate amount of space for the head, shoulders and legs of a passenger, without compromising the aesthetics or the aerodynamics of the module.

Preferably, the module comprises a central axis between the front end and the rear end, the central axis extending between the point of the ogive, through the wheel and to the front wall. Preferably, the central axis is an extension of the longitudinal axis of the scooter.

Preferably, the central axis defines two sides or halves of the module. The end view of the module may be substantially straight-sided with a curved overhead portion. The base may comprise a short upwardly-standing reinforcing wall therearound from which the shell extends.

Preferably, the shell comprises a short slightly convexly curved roof which extends rearwardly from the top of the front wall. Preferably, a rear wall extends from a rear end of the base of the cabin and curves upwardly and forwardly to meet the roof. Preferably, the sides of the cabin are substantially made up of doors. Preferably, the doors! sides extend from the rear and top wall in a gradual and continuous convex curve to join the front wall.

The door(s) may be provided in the shell as concealed doors. Most preferably, the door(s) are shaped as a continuation of the shape of the shell.

The or each door may comprise a whoe side of the shell. Alternatively, the or each door may comprise a portion of one side of the shell. Alternatively, one door may be provided comprising a portion of each side of the shell spanning across the rear end of the module.

The door(s) may be adapted for opening via one of the following methods: standard hinge; slidable on rails; slidable using a folding arm mechanism; bi-fold hinged door.

The door(s) may be adapted to open upwardly or downwardly or sidewardly.

In order to aid access, a corresponding part (to the door(s)) of the reinforcing wall of the base may fold outwardly and downwardly. The part may comprise a quick-release and snap-fit arrangement. The part may be configured to provide a step into the module.

Most preferably, a door is provided in the shell on each side of the central axis of the module and proximal to the rear end of the module. The two doors may share a double hinge.

Preferably, the doors are capable of independent operation, but when opened together take on the appearance of a pair of ladybirds wings. This allows a passenger to step directly into the foot well area before sitting down. With this arrangement, even if the door on one side of the module is blocked, there will always be a second door available for exit.

Preferably, the internal dimensions of the module are sufficient to accommodate a tall broad shouldered male person.

Accordingly, at the widest part, proximal to the front wall, the internal width of the module is wide enough to accommodate a broad shouldered male siting on the passenger seat therein, but narrow enough so as to allow the vehicle to manoeuvre through gaps typically found between stationary and slow-moving cars. Preferably, the internal width of the module is approximately 24' (60cm) to approximately 34' (86cm) up to a shoulder-height region, more preferably 26" (66cm) to approximately 32" (80cm), most preferably 28" (71cm) to approximately 30" (76cm).

Preferably, the internal length of the module (central axis) is long enough in order to allow a tall person to sit comfortably therein with sufficient leg room, but short enough so as to not compromise the stability and manoeuvrability of the vehicle. Preferably, the internal length of the module is approximately 32" (80cm) to approximately 38' (96cm) in a knee-height region, more preferably 34" (86cm) to approximately 37" (94cm), most preferably 35" (98cm) to approximately 36" (91cm). The internal length of the module preferably gradually reduces above knee level as the shell curves to meet the top of the front wall.

Preferably, at the tallest part, proximal to the front wall, the height of the module is tall enough to accommodate a tall male siting on the passenger seat therein, but not so tall as to compromise the vertical stability of the vehicle during travel. Preferably, the internal height of the module is approximately 56" (1 42cm) to approximately 60' (1 52cm) at the tallest part, more preferably 57" (145cm) to approximately 59" (150cm), most preferably approximately 56" (1 47cm).

Preferably, the largest external width of the vehicle will only marginally exceed the width of handle bars provided on the scooter. The handle bars may comprise a width that is found on conventional adult-sized scooters, for example 75 cm including brake levers may require a maximum external width of 90 cm.

The above approximate dimensions are based upon accommodation of a 66" tall male, although it is envisaged that dimensions could be scaled up or down accordingly.

Preferably, in order to optimise the internal passenger seating area and balance this with the compact nature of the module, the shel may comprise substantially steep sides up to the shoulder-height region before curving into a head space. Preferably, proximal to the front wall, the internal width of the module comprises a constant width from the base up to the shoulder-height region. Accordingly, proximal to the front wall, the internal width of the module comprises that of the base to at least 60% of the internal height of the module, more preferably, to at least 70% of the internal height of the module and most preferably, to at least 80% of the internal height of the module.

In another arrangement, to minimise the aerodynamics of the module, the front wall, and shell depending therefrom may loosely mimic the silhouette of a person.

Preferably, the passenger seat comprises side wings for passenger stability. The wings may be fixed, but alternatively, may be of movable configuration. The wrap around configuration may comprise a ratchet mechanism with manual lever operation.

Preferably, the passenger seat comprises fixed head support pads.

Preferably, at least an upper portion of the shell comprises a translucent material. This will provide a source of light into the cabin, limit the heating effect of UV rays and provide the passenger with a view of travel.

Preferably, the translucent part of the shell is darkened or smoked". This allows the passenger some privacy.

Preferably, the shell comprises bullet proof material.

The cabin may comprise an adjustable overhead light capable of passenger operation to provide internal illumination at night. Preferably, the light is repositionable and may be provided on a flexible stem.

The cabin may provide a stowable surface for use by the passenger. This may take the form of a rigid flat surface mounted on a swinging arm mechanism.

The cabin may provide a two-way communication system with the driver. This may comprise a speaker and microphone apparatus in a head space of the cabin. The apparatus may work similar to that of a walkie-talkie system and correspond with a similar set-up in a driver's helmet or in a rider's cabin. The apparatus may be mounted in a headrest of the passenger seat.

The doors and apertures of the cabin may comprise an LEO lit entry step.

Preferably, the cabin comprises a ventilation system. The ventilation system may comprise louvered panels that can be opened! closed. Preferably, air inlets are positioned in an elevated position in the shell. Preferably, air outlets are located in a lower region of the shell, or in the base, or in the reinforcing wall. Preferably, the ventilation system is operable by damper control located in the cabin.

Additionally or alternatively, the cabin comprises a fresh-air heating system. The system may be powered by heat from the vehicle engine or powered electrically.

The vehicle may also comprise a cabin for the rider (rider cabin). Preferably the rider cabin comprises a roof. Preferably, the roof is attached to a top part of a windscreen provided at the front of the scooter. Preferably, the roof extends over the rider seat above seated head height and meets or extends over the front end of the passenger cabin. Preferably, the rider cabin is substantially open on at least one side and preferably on both sides. Each side may comprise partial closure of the sides at the front end around the handle bars by side panels.

The side panels may comprise side windows to provide increased visibility for the driver through the panels.

Preferably, the rider cabin is aerodynamically shaped. Preferably, the outer shell of the rider cabin comprises smooth curves wherever possible. Therefore, preferably, the roof of the rider cabin at least initially mirrors the curve of the roof of the passenger cabin.

Preferably, the scooter comprises conventional motor scooter construction.

Preferably, the scooter is powered electrically or by LPG.

Preferably, the module is integrally formed with the scooter.

In a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a passenger-carrying vehicle comprising a motor-powered scooter and a passenger-carrying section, the scooter comprising a rider or driver seat and the passenger-carrying section comprising a passenger seat, the passenger-carrying section comprising a separate module mounted on a rear portion of the scooter and said module and said passenger seat therein are aligned with a longitudinal vehicular axis, wherein the vehicle comprises two wheels in parallel arrangement at a front end of the scooter and a single wheel at a rear end of the scooter.

With this arrangement, greater stability and traction can be provided in the vehicle.

It will be appreciated that the preferred features described in relation to the first aspect of the invention also apply to the second aspect of the invention where applicable.

In a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a passenger-carrying module for use with a motor-powered bike or motor scooter, wherein the passenger-carrying module comprises a passenger seat, the passenger-carrying module being adapted for mounting on a rear portion of said bike or scooter such that said module and said passenger seat therein are aligned with a longitudinal vehicular axis and wherein the passenger seat is arranged to be rearward-facing in the module.

Preferably, the module is configured to be retrofit over a rear wheel of a scooter or bike.

It will be appreciated that the preferred features described in relation to the first aspect and the second aspect of the invention apply to the third aspect of the invention where applicable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how exemplary embodiments are carried into effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is side view of an embodiment of a passenger-carrying vehicle according to the invention; Figure 2 is a simple cross-sectional side view of the passenger module (30) of the passenger-carrying vehicle of Figure 1 Figure 3 is a simple cross-sectional end view of the passenger module (30) of the passenger-carrying vehicle of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a simple cross-sectional end view of a different passenger module (30) of the passenger-carrying vehicle of Figure 1; Figure 5 is side view of a second embodiment of a passenger-carrying vehicle according to the invention; and.

Figure 6 is a perspective side view of a third embodiment of a passenger-carrying vehicle according to the invention; Figure 7 is a side view of the vehicle of Figure 6; Figure 8 is a rear end view of the vehicle of Figure 6; Figure 9 is a front end view of the vehicle of Figure 6; Figure 10 is a top elevation view of the vehicle of Figure 6; and Figure 11 is a perspective elevation view of the vehicle of Figure 6.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a passenger-carrying vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure I, the passenger-carrying vehicle (1) comprises a motor scooter (2) and a passenger-carrying section (3), the scooter (2) comprising a rider or driver seat (4) and the passenger-carrying section comprising a passenger seat (31), the passenger-carrying section (3) comprising a separate module (30) mounted on a rear portion of the scooter (2) and wherein said module (30) and said passenger seat (31) therein are provided on a longitudinal vehicular axis (A-A"), and wherein the passenger seat (31) is arranged to be rearward-facing in the module (30) and the scooter (2) comprises a step-through frame.

The module (30) is an individual, self-contained assembly for carrying a passenger.

The vehicle (1) has a front wheel (5) and a rear wheel (6) as on a conventional two-wheeled scooter (2), defining a longitudinal axis (A-A') for the scooter (2) and for the vehicle (A-A").

The module (30) is mounted substantialy over the rear wheel (6) of the scooter (2) and comprises a front end (32) that is forward facing on the vehicle (I) and a rear end (33).

The module (30) comprises a passenger cabin with a base (34), a front wall (35) that forms the front end (32) and an upper frame (not shown) fully encased in an outer shell (36) to define a passenger enclosure therein.

Within the module (30), the passenger seat (31) is located over the rear wheel (6) of the scooter (2) and is rearward-facing (faces the rear end (33)) in the module (30) such that a backrest (31b) of the seat (31) is positioned against the front wall (35) to be substantially in back-to-back arrangement with the driver's seat (4).

In order to allow this arrangement, the base (34) of the cabin accommodates the rear wheel (6) by providing a wheel casing (38) that protrudes upwardly therefrom. The wheel casing (38) is located adjacent the front end (32) of the cabin and generally meets the front wall (35). Accordingly, the cabin can be mounted at a suitably low level from the ground (low centre of gravity), whilst the wheel casing (38) can be concealed by the passenger seat (31).

Accordingly, the wheel casing (38) provides a support for the seat pad (31 a) of the passenger seat (31). Further seat supporting legs (31c) are provided either side of the wheel casing (36) for increased stability. A baggage area (37) is provided under the seat pad (31a) and to the side of the seat (31) on either side of the wheel casing (38).

The base (34) comprises a substantially flat portion (39) adjacent the rear end (33) of the cabin as a foot well or foot rest area for a passenger.

The front wall (35) provides a backrest for the driver seat (4) and is externally moulded for comfort of the rider.

Inside the cabin, the frame and the base (34) are configured to provide a safety or roll-cage for the module (30) and comprises a number of side and overhead roll bars (not shown).

The shell (36) and the frame comprise the shape of a semi-dome stretched such that the semi-domal shape of the shell (36) is laterally elongated. Therefore, the base (34) of the module (30) is substantially ogival in shape with a substantially straight edge at the front end (32) front wall (35) of the module (30). This arrangement provides an adequate amount of space for the head, shoulders and legs of a passenger, without compromising the aesthetics or the aerodynamics of the module (30).

The module (30) comprises a central axis (A-A") between the front end (32) and the rear end (33), the central axis (A-A") extending between the point of the ogive through the wheel (6) and to the front wall (35) as an extension of the longitudinal axis (A-A) of the scooter to define two sides or halves of the module (30).

The base (34) comprises a short upwardly-standing reinforcing wall (42) therearound from which the shell (36) extends.

In a preferred embodiment, the module (30) comprises a hydraulic lowering and raising mechanism (not shown) adapted to manoeuvre the module (30) from an elevated position to a ground-engaging position. The lowering mechanism comprises movement of the module (30) from the elevated position in an axial direction until the front wall (35) is clear of the rear wheel (6), followed by downward movement of the module (30) to the ground-engaging position. The raising mechanism comprises the lowering mechanism of the module (30) in reverse order. This mechanism not only results in a stable stand, but allows ease of access and exit for a passenger.

The module (30) comprises external iriflatables (not shown) operable via proximity sensors and/or by tipping sensors. The external inflatables are deployed from a lower external part of the module (30). The external inflatables are configured and shaped to resist excessive tipping in addition to providing collsion airbags. By way of example only, the external airbags are deployed upon detection of a tipping angle of beyond 4O and/ or proximity of another object of less than 30cm. The external inflatables increase passenger safety in the event of a collision.

The passenger seat comprises a safety belt. The safety belt comprises a simple lap belt in combination with a lateral restraint.

The lateral restraint solution comprises internal inflatables (40) provided on both sides of the passenger seat (31). The internal inflatables (40) are triggered by a tipping sensor, for example, triggering inflation once tipping exceeds 2O from the vertical. The internal inflatables (40) are inflatable in stages. The internal inflatables (40) are connected to a compressed-air pump (not shown). A first stage provides a basc buffer for a passenger against normal lateral leaning when the scooter (2) corners during travel. The first stage is automatically triggered by the weight of a passenger on the seat pad (31a). The first stage inflatables are inflated to a low pressure, for example to 0.5 psi. The internal inflatables (40) deflate by reversal of the compressed-air pump as a passenger gets up from the seat pad (31a). An ultimate inflation stage provides a full side air bag in the event that the module (30) is tipping over. One or more intermediate stages provide more robust buffers between the first and ultimate stages. The internal inflatables (40) may therefore, comprise a number of inflatable zones (40a) capable of rapid inflation upon detection of leaning beyond certain predetermined thresholds.

The module (30) comprises passenger access via two doors (41) provided in the shell (36). Each door (41) comprises a significant portion of one side of the shell (36) adapted to open sideways via a standard hinge from a central line of the shell (36) and proximal to the rear end (33) of the module (30). Each door (41) is capable of independent operation, but when opened together take on the appearance of a pair of ladybirds wings. This allows a passenger to step directly into the foot well area before sitting down. With this arrangement, even if the door on one side of the module (30) is blocked, there will always be a second door (41) available for exit.

In order to aid access a corresponding part of the reinforcing wall (42) of the base (34) folds outwardly and downwardly, to provide a step into the module (30). The part comprises a quick-release and snap-fit arrangement.

The internal dimensions of the module (30) are intended to be sufficient to accommodate a tall broad shouldered male person.

Accordingly, the internal width of the module (30) is approximately 28" (71 cm) to approximately 30" (76cm) up to approximate shoulder height (427 110cm). The internal length of the module (30) is approximately 35" (98cm) to approximately 36" (91cm) up to approximate seated knee height (257 64 cm). The internal height of the module (30) is approximately 58" (147cm) proximal to the front end (32).

The above approximate dimensions are based upon accommodation of a 6'6" tall male, although it is envisaged that dimensions could be scaled up or down accordingly.

In order to optimise the internal passenger area and balance this with the compact nature of the module (30), the shell (36) comprises substantially steep sides up to the shoulder-height region before curving into a head space. Proximal to the front wall (35), the internal width of the module (30) comprises a constant width from the base (34) up to the shoulder-height region, e.g. up to approximately 75% of the internal height of the module (30).

The passenger seat comprises fixed head support pads (43).

The cabin shell (36) is encased in a suitably collision-and shatter-proof material, most preferably, a high grade carbon fibre, although fibre glass can be used. The base (34) of the capsule and where a passenger's legs would be located comprises metal-reinforced carbon fibre, or other equivalent material at at least the rear end (33). At least an upper portion of the shell (36) comprises a translucent material. This will provide a source of light into the cabin, limit the heating effect of UV rays and provide the passenger with a view of travel. However, the translucent part of the shell (36) is darkened or "smoked". This allows the passenger some privacy.

The cabin comprises a passive ventilation system (not shown). The passive ventilation system comprises louvered panels that can be opened! closed. The louvers comprise air inlets positioned in an elevated position in the shell (36) and air outlets located in a lower region of the shell (36), in the reinforcing wall (42). The passive ventilation system is operable by mechanical damper control located in the cabin. The cabin further comprises a fresh-air heating system powered by heat from the vehicle engine or powered electrically.

Inside the cabin there are provided a number of features and accessories to enhance the passenger experience. The cabin comprises an adjustable repositionable cverhead light on a flexible stem capable of passenger operation to provide internal illumination at night. The cabin may provide a stowable surface for use by the passenger in the form of a rigid surface mounted on a swinging arm mechanism. The cabin provides a two-way communication system with the driver comprising a speaker and microphone apparatus in the head support pads (43) of the seat (31) for communication with a similar set-up in a drivers helmet. The doors and apertures of the cabin comprises an LED lit entry step.

The module (30) is mounted to the rear of the scooter over the rear wheel (6) thereof.

In order to provide an aesthetically appealing finish, hide the mountings of the module (30) and protect such mountings and otherwise exposed parts of the scooter (2), the module (30) and the rear of the scooter (2) are provided with fascia panels (44).

The module (30) is configured to be retrofit over a rear wheel of a scooter and comprises the requisite air and electronic couplings in a conversion kit. The module (30) is also provided with fascia panels (44) as described above.

In a second embodiment, as shown in figure 5, a passenger-carrying vehicle (100) comprises a motor-powered scooter (200) and a passenger-carrying section (300), the scooter (200) comprising a rider seat (400) and the section (300) comprising a passenger seat, wherein the section (300) comprises a separate module (300) mounted on a rear portion of the scooter (200) and wherein said module (300) and passenger seat are provided on a longitudinally vehicle axis.

Again, the vehicle (100) has a front wheel (500) and a rear wheel (600) and the module (300) is mounted substantially over the rear wheel (600). This time the shell (360) curves from a rear end (330) of the module to meet an upper part of a front wall (350) at the front end (32) and continues to curve over the driver's seat (400) as a roof (361) until it meets an extended front windscreen (210). This arrangement therefore, provides a roof (361) for the driver.

Figures 6 -11 show a passenger-carrying vehicle (700) according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 1, the passenger-carrying vehicle (700) comprises a motor scooter (701) and a passenger-carrying section (702), the scooter (701) comprising a rider or driver seat (703) and the passenger-carrying section comprising a passenger seat (not shown), the passenger-carrying section (702) comprising a separate passenger module (710) mounted on a rear portion of the scooter (701) and wherein said passenger module (710) and said passenger seat therein are provided on a longtudinal vehicular axis (A-A'), and wherein the passenger seat is arranged to be rearward-facing in the passenger module (710) and the scooter (701) comprises a step-through frame.

The vehicle (700) has two front wheels (704) and a rear wheel (705) to provide additional stability when the vehicle (700) leans around corners, although it will be appreciated that a two-wheeled alternative like the first embodiment is also possible with a single front wheel and a single rear wheel.

In order to allow the two front wheels (704) to manoeuvre or lean like a single front wheel, the vehicle (700) uses two horizontal parallel links and two steering tubes to locate and control the movement of the two front wheels (704). Both horizontal links are attached with pivots to the chassis/frame at their centres so the upright steering tubes at the outer ends describe the same angular movement as the frame and so, when one wheel lifts the other descends as n a parallelogram. Independent wheel bump travel can be catered for by a leading link attached to each wheel hub from the lower part of the parallelogram system.

The vehicle (700) therefore comprises a tilting mechanism associated with retaining both parallel wheels in contact with the ground when leaning around corners.

The passenger module (710) is an individual, self-contained assembly for carrying a passenger. The passenger module (710) is mounted substantially over the rear wheel (705) of the scooter (701) and comprises a front end (711) that is forward facing on the vehicle (700) and a rear end (712).

The passenger module (710) comprises a passenger cabin with a base (713), a front wall (not shown) that forms the front end (711) and an upper frame (not shown) fully encased in an outer shell (714) to define a passenger enclosure therein.

Within the passenger module (710), the passenger seat is located over the rear wheel (705) of the scooter (701) and is rearward-facing (faces the rear end (712)) in the passenger module (710) such that a backrest of the seat is positioned against the front wall to be substantially in back-to-back arrangement with the driver's seat (703).

In order to allow this arrangement, the base (713) of the cabin accommodates the rear wheel (705) by providing a wheel casing that protrudes upwardly therefrom. The wheel casing is located adjacent the front end (711) of the cabin and generally meets the front wall.

Accordingly, the cabin can be mounted at a suitably low level from the ground (low centre of gravity), whilst the wheel casing can be concealed by the passenger seat. Accordingly, the wheel casing provides a support for a seat pad of the passenger seat. A seat supporting structure either as a moulded component or as individual members, such as legs, are provided around the wheel casing for increased stability.

The base (713) comprises a substantialy flat portion adjacent the rear end (712) of the cabin as a foot well or foot rest area for a passenger.

Inside the cabin, the frame and the base (713) are configured to provide a safety or roll-cage for the passenger module (710) and comprises a number of side and overhead roll bars (not shown).

As seen in figure 8, the internal and external shape of the shell (714) is dctated by the shape of the front end (711) and the front wall, which comprises an elongate upstanding wall, with convexly curved sides, such that the front wall is wider in a middle section than it is at the upper and lower end thereof. Accordingly, the width of the module at foot level (n a foot well) at the front end (711) is narrower than the width of the module at seat level. In addition, the width of the module at head level (in a head space) at the front end (711) is narrower than the width of the module at a seat level. The widest part of the shell (714) at the front end (711) is located at approximately shoulder level (in a shoulder space). As can be seen in Figure ID, these widths gradually decrease from the front end (711) towards the rear end (712) of the module (710).

The shell (714) comprises a short slightly convexly curved roof (715) which extends rearwardly from the top of the front wall. Preferably, a narrow rear wall (716) extends from a rear end of the base (713) of the cabin and curves upwardly and forwardly to meet the roof (715). The sides of the cabin are substantially made up of two doors (717), which are hingedly connected at the front end (711) of the passenger module (71 0). The doors (71 7) generally comprise a contoured profile with a gradual convex curve from the rear wall (716) to join the front wall and from the roof (715) to the base (713).

This external shape of the shell (714) provides an aerodynamic and stable profile for the passenger module (710). Internally, this arrangement provides an adequate amount of space for the head, shoulders and legs of a passenger, without compromising the aesthetics or the aerodynamics of the passenger module (710).

The passenger module (710) comprises passenger access via the two doors (717) provided in the shell (714). Each door (717) is capable of independent operation, but when opened together take on the appearance of a pair of ladybird wings. This allows a passenger to step directly into the toot well area before sitting down. With this double-door arrangement, even if the door on one side of the passenger module (710) is blocked, there will always be a second door (717) available for exit.

The passenger seat comprises a four point safety belt.

The internal dimensions of the passenger module (710) are intended to be sufficient to accommodate a tall broad shouldered male person.

Accordingly, the internal width of the passenger module (710) is approximately 29.5' (75cm) at the passenger seat level up to at least shoulder height (427 110cm). Due to the external shape of the module, the internal width of the passenger module (710) in the foot well is approximately 18.5" (47cm). The internal length of the passenger module (710) is approximately 35" (98cm) to approximately 36" (91cm) up to approximate seated knee height (25'! 64cm). The internal height of the passenger module (710) is approximately 55" (140cm) to approximately 57' (145cm) proximal to the front end (711). The internal height from the seat pad to the top of the passenger module s approximately 41.7' (106 cm), whereas the internal height from the seat pad to the base of the foot well is approximately 14.6' (37 cm), The above approximate dimensions are based upon accommodation of a 66' tall male, although it is envisaged that dimensions could be scaled up or down accordingly.

As with the first embodiment, in order to optimise the internal passenger area and balance this with the compact nature of the passenger module (710), the shell (714) comprises substantially steeply curved sides, which allow more internal passenger space where it is required, at seat and shoulder level in particular. However, whilst the length of the module (710) takes a similar profile at each designated height level from the front end (711) to the rear end (712), the length changes proportionately less dramatically than the width of the module (710) in order to prevent a passenger from feeling claustrophobic at head level. Proximal to the front end (71), the internal width of the passenger module (710) substantially comprises a constant width from the base (713) up to the roof, e.g. up to approximately 75% of the internal height of the passenger module (710).

Again, the cabin shell (714) is encased in a suitably collision-and shatter-proof material, most likely, a high grade carbon fibre, although fibre glass can be used. The base (713) of the capsule and where a passenger's legs would be located comprises metal-reinforced carbon fibre, or other equivalent material at at least the rear end (712). In an upper portion of each of the doors (717) is a window (718), comprising a translucent material. This will provide a source of light into the cabin, limit the heating effect of UV rays and provide the passenger with a view of travel. However, the windows (718) are darkened or smoked'. This allows the passenger some privacy.

The cabin can comprise a passive ventilation system and/or a fresh-air heating system as discussed in relation to the first embodiment.

Inside the passenger module (710) there are provided a number of features and accessories to enhance the passenger experience as discussed in relation to the first embodiment.

The passenger module (710) is configured to be retrofit over a rear wheel of a scooter and comprises the requisite air and electronic couplings in a conversion kit.

The module (30) is also provided with fascia panels (44) as described above, The vehicle (700) also comprises a rider/ driver cabin provided by a separate rider module (720). The rider module (720) comprises a partial cover or shelter for the rider that is fitted to the existing scooter (701) framework. Therefore, the module (720) is mounted substantially over the rider seat (703) and comprises a slightly convexly curved, substantially horizontal rider roof (721) which extends over a front end (711) of the roof (515) of the passenger module (710). The rider roof (721) extends into a more steeply curved front windscreen portion (722). A bottom front part (723) of the module (720) is moulded to fit over the front end of the scooter framework and is fitted with appropriate sockets to receive lights and indicators (724). The module (720) further comprises two continuous side portions (725) that extend from the roof (721), the windscreen portion (722) and the bottom front part (723) and provide a degree of shelter for the rider. The side portions (725) are convexly curved to provide space inside the cabin and an aerodynamic module (720). Each side portion provides a window portion (726).

As seen in figure 9, the external shape of the module (720) is dictated somewhat by the shape of the passenger module (710) at the front end (711) and the natural features of the scooter (701). Accordingly, the module (720) comprises convexly curved sides, such that the module is wider in a middle section than it is at the upper and lower ends thereof. Accordingly, the width of the module at base level (in the foot well and below the rider seat (703) is narrower than the width of the module at rider seat (703) level. In addition, the width of the module at head level (in a head space) is narrower than the width of the module at a seat level. The widest part of the shell (714) at the front end (711) is located at approximately torso level (in a shoulder space). As can be seen in Figure 10, these widths gradually increase towards the natural position of handlebars for the scooter (701) before more steeply decreasing towards the front of the scooter (701).

The widest (external) part of the vehicle (700) is found in the region of the handle bars, where it is approximately 35.4" (90 cm) wide based upon a set of handle bars of 29.5" (75cm) being used (including brake levers).

The rider module (720) is formed integrally including the roof (721), the windscreen (722), the part (723) and the sides (725). The part (723) is hingedly attached at a front end of the scooter (701) such that the roof (721) in addition to the windscreen (722), the part (723) and the sides (725) can be rotatably manoeuvred to expose the rider seat (703) to aid rider access and then reversibly moved to recover the rider seat (703).

The rider module (720) is provided separately from the passenger module (710) in order that it can be added separately to the vehicle (700) as an option.

With the above described vehicles/ conversion modules, a passenger has their own space in which to sit and travel rather than having to sit closely behind and in contact with the rider. However, the configuration of the passenger module (30) and the scooter (2) in linear arrangement with the module (30) mounted on the rear portion of the scooter (2) allows for a compact vehicle (I) that provides the advantages of a scooter through travel congested areas, namely, the ability to manoeuvre between other stationary and slow-moving vehicles. The passenger seat (31) can be a conventional seat, such as an individual seat employed in a car and since the passenger seat (31) faces rearwardly, whilst the passenger seat is located over the wheel (6), the passenger does not have to sit astride the rear wheel (6) or other part of the scooter (2), thereby improving comfort and avoiding an ungainly seated position.

The modules described above create a passenger environment that is not exposed to the weather and traffic fumes and also, may feel safer to passengers unaccustomed to motorbike travel, by providing a covered conventional seated position. In addition, since the cabin is enclosed and the seat is configured so that the passenger does not have to hold-on for stability, there is the possibility of conducting business during travel, such as making phone calls, checking e-mails, etc. In the second and third embodiments, the drive benefits from some shelter and a safety belt also. The travelling environment provided is much more akin to that of a taxicab.

The above arrangements are all practical from a stability point of view, since during travel, the majority of the weight of a passenger will be located over the rear wheel of the scooter and reduce the chance of rearing of the scooter. This removes the need for a further wheel on the vehicle, which would possibly compromise the normal seating position or the compact nature of the vehicle.

By providing a well-protected environment inside the cabin, the requirement to wear a crash helmet and leathers is negated, making the travel experience more akin to getting in a taxicab. The use of carbon fibre and a roll cage provides fire protection and the overall weight of the passenger compartment is minimised whilst ensuring that strength and crash resistance properties are not compromised.

Although a few preferred embodiments have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications might be made without departng from the scope of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A passenger-carrying vehicle comprising a motor-powered scooter and a passenger- carrying section, the motor scooter comprising a rider or driver seat and the passenger-carrying section comprising a passenger seat, the passenger-carrying section comprising a separate module mounted on a rear portion of the scooter, said module and said passenger seat being aligned with a longitudinal vehicular axis and wherein the passenger seat is arranged to be rearward-facing in the module and the scooter comprises a step-through frame.
2. The vehicle according to claim I, wherein the vehicle is two-wheeled and the wheels are arranged in tandem along the longitudinal axis of the scooter.
3. The vehicle according to claim 1 wherein the vehicle is three-wheeled.
4. The vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the vehicle comprises two wheels in parallel arrangement at a front end of the scooter and a single wheel at a rear end of the scooter.
5. The vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the vehicles comprises a tilting mechanism associated with retaining both parallel wheels in contact with the ground when the vehicle is leaning around corners.
6. The vehicle according to claims ito 5, wherein the module is located at least partially over a rear wheel of the scooter.
7. The vehicle according to claims 1 to 6, wherein the module comprises a front end that is forward facing on the vehicle and a rear end that is rearward facing on the vehicle.
8. The vehicle according to claim 7, wherein a majority of the rearward-facing seat is located over the rear wheel of the scooter.
9. The vehicle according to claims 1 to 8, wherein the passenger seat is arranged within the module such that a backrest of the passenger seat is substantially in back-to-back arrangement with the driver's seat.
10. The vehicle according to claims I to 9, wherein the module comprises a passenger cabin.
ii. The vehicle according to claim 10, wherein the cabin comprises at least a base and an upper frame.
12. The vehicle according to claim 11, wherein the frame defines a passenger seating area.
13. The vehicle according to claims 10 to 12, wherein the cabin comprises asolid roof.
14. The vehice according to claims 11 to 13, wherein the cabin at least comprises one or more lower walls extending upwardly from the base of the cabin.
15. The vehicle according to claims 10 to 14, wherein the cabin is substantially sheltered on all sides and comprises a fully enclosed capsule or pod.
16. The vehicle according to claims 11 to 15, wherein the base of the cabin accommodates the rear wheel of the scooter.
17. The vehicle according to claim 16, wherein the base comprises a wheel casing protruding upwardly from the base located adjacent the front end of the cabin.
18. The vehicle according to claims I to 17, wherein the front end of the module comprises a front wall.
19. The vehicle according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the passenger seat is configured with a seat pad mounted at least partially over the wheel casing.
20. The vehicle according to claim 18 or 19, wherein said backrest is supported by said front wall.
21. The vehicle according to claim 20, wherein said front wall provides a backrest for the rider seat and may be externally moulded for comfort of the rider.
22. The vehicle according to claim 11 to 21, wherein the frame and the base are configured to provide a safety or roll-cage for the module with a number of side and overhead roll bars.
23. The vehicle according to claim 22, wherein the frame comprises at least a central overhead roll bar extending axially from the rear end of the base to an upper point of the front wall.
24. The vehicle according to claim 10 to 23, wherein, the cabin is encased in a suitably collision-and shatter-proof material.
25. The vehicle according to claim 24, wherein, the base of the capsule (where a passenger's legs would be located) comprises metal-reinforced carbon fibre, or other equivalent material at at least the rear end.
26. The vehicle according to claims 10 to 25, wherein the cabin comprises a lateral restraint solution.
27. The vehicle according to claims 1 to 26, wherein the module comprises passenger access comprising at least one openable door.
28. The vehicle according to claims ito 27, wherein the module is aerodynamically shaped.
29. The vehicle according to claims 1 to 28, wherein the door(s) are provided in the shell as concealed doors.
30. The vehicle according to claim 29, wherein a door is provided in the shell on each side of the central axis of the module and proximal to the rear end of the module.
31. The vehicle according to claim 30, wherein the doors are capable of independent operation.
32. The vehicle according to claims I to 31, wherein, the scooter comprises conventional motor scooter construction.
33. The vehicle according to claim 32, wherein the scooter is powered electrically.
34. The vehicle according to claims 1 to 33, wherein the module is integrally formed with the scooter.35. 34. The vehicle according to claims 1 to 34, wherein an external width of any part of the body of the vehicle does not exceed a width of handle bars provided on the scooter.36. The vehicle according to claims 1 to 35, wherein the vehicle comprises a cabin for the rider (rider cabin).37. The vehicle according to claim 36, wherein the rider cabin comprises a roof.38. The vehicle according to claims 36 and 37, wherein the rider cabin is substantially open on both sides.39. The vehicle according to claims 37 to 38, wherein the roof of the rider cabin at least initially mirrors the curve of the roof of the passenger cabin.40. A passenger-carrying vehicle comprising a motor-powered scooter and a passenger-carrying section, the scooter comprising a rider or driver seat and the passenger-carrying section comprising a passenger seat, the passenger-carrying section comprising a separate module mounted on a rear portion of the scooter and said module and said passenger seat therein are aligned with a longitudinal vehicular axis, wheren the vehicle comprises two wheels in parallel arrangement at a front end of the scooter and a single wheel at a rear end of the scooter.41. The vehicle according to claim 40, wherein the vehicle comprises two wheels in parallel arrangement at a front end of the scooter and a single wheel at a rear end of the scooter.42. The vehicle according to claim 41, wherein the vehicles comprises a tilting mechanism associated with retaining both parallel wheels in contact with the ground when the vehicle is leaning around corners.43. A passenger-carrying module for use with a motor-powered bike or motor scooter, wherein the passenger-carrying module comprises a passenger seat, the passenger-carrying module being adapted for mounting on a rear portion of said scooter such that said module and said passenger seat therein are aligned with a longitudinal vehicular axis and wherein the passenger seat is arranged to be rearward-facing in the module.44. The vehicle according to claim 43, wherein the module is configured to be retrofit over a rear wheel of a scooter or bike.