GB2503476A - Small scale water turbine - Google Patents

Small scale water turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2503476A
GB2503476A GB1211441.9A GB201211441A GB2503476A GB 2503476 A GB2503476 A GB 2503476A GB 201211441 A GB201211441 A GB 201211441A GB 2503476 A GB2503476 A GB 2503476A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
unit
water
main body
turbine
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB1211441.9A
Other versions
GB201211441D0 (en
Inventor
Anthony Glynn
James Sherlock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB1211441.9A priority Critical patent/GB2503476A/en
Publication of GB201211441D0 publication Critical patent/GB201211441D0/en
Priority to PCT/IB2013/054663 priority patent/WO2014001929A2/en
Priority to GB1310128.2A priority patent/GB2505279A/en
Priority to IE20130188A priority patent/IE20130188A1/en
Publication of GB2503476A publication Critical patent/GB2503476A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/062—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
    • F03B17/063—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having no movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/062—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/02—Casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/10—Submerged units incorporating electric generators or motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F05B2240/121—Baffles or ribs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
    • F05B2250/25—Geometry three-dimensional helical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Abstract

A small scale water turbine unit for a small river or stream (eg less than 400mm deep) comprises a base section 2, a main body section (3, fig.2) and a cover section 4, the main body section (3) having a front side 5 and a rear side 7 which may be protected by respective grills 8, 6. The front side 5 has a mouth 9 tapering towards a helical turbine blade 19 which drives a generator (eg of at least 700 watts output) located in the main body section 3. The front side 5 of the unit is elevated in comparison to the rear side 7 to make it less likely that debris or stones will hit the intake grill 8 and to create a small fall to the turbine blade 19. The generator (12, figs.7,9), drive gears (12) and bearings (14) may be contained in a watertight chamber (15). The cover section 4 may have a pivoted baffle arrangement (21-23, fig.6) to reduce the flow through the unit when the river flows too fast. The parts may be detachable for maintenance.

Description

"A water turbine unit"
Introduction
The invention i-elates to a water turbine unit for generating electricity from flowing water.
Hydroelectric power is generated using water as an energy source. Using water to generate electricity is a sustainable alternative environmentally friendly way of obtaining energy. Different hydro turbines are commercially available, however it is still uncommon to see water turbines in everyday use.
There is a need for an improved water turbine which is easy and economical to install and operate and which provides a cost effective means of harnessing energy.
Statements of Invention
According to the invention there is provided a water turbine unit comprising a base section; a main body section; and a cover section, wherein the main body section comprises a front and rear side and the front side of the unit is elevated in comparison to the rear of the unit.
In one embodiment of the invention the main body section comprises a helical turbine blade, a generator and a turbine unit.
In one embodiment of the invention the front side of the main body section comprises a tapered opening. Preferably the opening tapers to a width substantially equal to the length of the helical turbine blade.
In one embodiment of the invention the rear side of the unit comprises an opening equal in width to the length of the helical turbine blade.
Preferably water flows through the tapered opening at the front of the main body section, down through the helica' turbine Hade and out through the narrow opening in the real-of the unit.
In one embodiment of the invention the cover section comprises a breaking system.
Preferably the braking system comprises a spring operated baffle having two blades.
Most preferably one of the blades pivots on the outside of the unit and the other blade pivots on the inside of the unit.
In one embodiment of the invention the cover section comprises a front and rear grill.
Preferably the front and rear grill cover and protect the openings in the front and rear of the main body section.
In one embodiment of the invention the cover section is detachable.
In another embodiment of the invention the main body section is detachable from the base section.
In a further embodiment of the invention the base section is fixed to a river bed.
In one embodiment of the invention the water turbine unit is capable of operating in less than 400mm of water.
In another embodiment of the invention the water turbine unit is capable of operating with a water flow rate of 0.3 meters per second.
In one embodiment of the invention the water turbine unit is capable of generating at least 700 watts of energy. Preferably the energy output is 700 watts or greater than 700 watts.
Brief Description of the Invention
The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: -Fig. 1 is side perspective view of the small scale water turbine unit of the invention; Fig. 2 an exploded view of the component parts of the water turbine unit of the invention; Fig, 3 is a front view (a) and a cross sectional view along the line C-C (b) of the water turbine unit of the invention; Fig. 4 is a top view of the water turbine unit of the invention; Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view of the cover section of the water turbine unit of the invention; Fig. 6 is a view of the baffle breaking system on the cover section of the water turbine of the invention in its open flow position (a) and restricting flow position (b); Fig. 7 is a side view of the main body section of water turbine unit of the invention; Fig. 8 is a further side view of the main body section of water turbine unit of the invention and cross sectional view's along lines B-B and C-C; and Fig. 9 is a detailed view of the working parts of the main body section of the water turbine of the invention.
Detailed description
The use of water energy is a valuable resource. In order to ensure that the resource is well managed there are various conditions that need to be met in order to operate a water turbine in rivers or waterways. A water turbine should not pollute the river, disturb the ecology in the liver and not be harmful to fish or wild life.
The present invention comprises a small scale water turbine unit that is simple in design and easy to be installed and maintained. The unit may be very easily lowered into position in a river. The small dimensions of the unit ensure that the unit does not obstruct a rivers natural flow. The unit is capable of operating in less than 400mm of water. The water turbine unit can operate with a flow rate as low as 0,3 meters per second. The small scale water turbine unit of the present invention is capable of generating energy from a very small river or stream.
The unit avoids any planning issues with wildlife organisations andlor fishery boards.
The small scale water turbine unit of the present invention avoids any high civil costs typically associated with installing hydro turbines, The water turbine unit of the present invention optirnises the ability to harness a rivers electricity generating potential. The water turbine unit of the present invention may be used to harness energy generating an output energy of from 700watts upwards.
The water turbine unit I of the present invention comprises a base section 2, a main body section 3 and a cover section 4. The cover section 4 comprises a grill at the front 5 and a grill 6 at the back/rear 7 of the unit to allow water to pass through. The front 8 and rear 6 gnU on the cover section 4 of the water turbine unit I protect the turbine from debris.
The grills 8, 6 also prevent and protect fish from passing through the turbine unit. Both grills have the bars set up in a vertical manner and are set to the smallest gap applicable and defined by the Fishery Board, Wildlife Association and Environmental bodies in any country worldwide. This is to protect any wild life that risks injury when near the unit.
The front side 5 of the turbine unit is elevated in comparison to the rear 7 of the unit as shown more dearly in Fig. 3 (b) and Fig. 5. By elevating the front 5 of the unit it makes it more difficult for stones or other debris to directly hit the front grill 8 of the unit. In addition elevating the front 5 of the water turbine unit creates a small fall or slope directly into the turbine blade 19.
In addition to being angled to allow for a natural slope into the turbine blade 19 the opening 9 at the front 5 of the unit is channelled using both the cover section 4 and the main body section 3 of the unit. As shown in Fig. 4 the opening mouth 9 is tapered inwards to create more force into the turbine blade 19 by directing the water into the turbine. As a result the force on the blade is increased. The opening 9 tapers to a width substantially equal to the length of the turbine blade 19.
At the rear 7 of the unit where the water exits the turbine, the opening 10 is narrower than at the opening mouth 9. The rear 7 of the unit is also lower than the front 5 because the slope from the front to the rear of the unit.
The turbine blade 19 is a helical shaped blade. The shape of the blade optirnises the force on the blade in the river. The turbine power is directly transmitted to the generator.
The main body section 3 is easily detachable from the base section 2 for maintenance.
Figs 7 to 9 show the main body section in more detail. The main body section 3 comprises a generator 12, gears 13, and bearings 14. These are contained in a water tight chamber 15 on one side of the main body section 3. On the opposite side of the main body section 3 there is a smaller water tight chamber 25 containing a bearing 16 and a bearing block I?. Both chambers are held in place by a base pbte 18 and the turbine blade 19.
The gearing system is very simple. It allows site specific optimization of the unit. It consists of a drve gear attached to the axis of the turbine and a slave gear that is attached to the generator. The gear sizes may be changed to optirnise the turbines output in ally tiow conditions.
When the main body section 3 requires servicing, the cover section 4 is easity unscrewed and removed while the unit is still in position in a river. The main body section 3 is then un-bolted from the base section 2 and simply lifted out of the water and placed on the bank of the river to be serviced. Once servicing is complete the main body section 3 is simply placed back into the base section 2 of the unit, secured in position and the cover section re-bolted onto the unit.
The cover section 4 on the top of the unit 1 is easily detached. This allows the unit ito be easily serviced and maintained, The cover section 4 reduces the resistance over the turbine blade 19 due to the low volume of water over the top of the turbine blade 19 as shown in Fig. 5. The cover section 4 allows the water to be directed optimally over the blade so that the turbine blade is working at its full potential. The available area over the turbine blade is critical to the efficient working of the water turbine of the invention.
Preferably the energy output of the hydro turbine unit is at least 700watts.
The cover section 4 comprises a baffle 20 which acts as a braking system. There are two blades.,fixed onto an axis 21 with an angle greater than 90 degrees. The two blades operate under a simple counter weight system to prevent over powering of the unit. One blade 22 pivots on the outside of the unit. When the river is flowing too fast the blade 22 will be forced downwards. The second blade 23 is in the water chamber within the unit.
As the blade 22 on the outside is forced down (Fig. 6(b)) due to the rivers flow the blade 23 in the water chamber will move into the water chamber and reduce the volume of water moving through the turbine unit. This in turn reduces the generators output. As the flow of the river reduces and the flow slows down the top blade 22 moves back into its original (vertical position) (Fig. 5(a)) and the second blade 23 moves back to the roof of the water chamber. The resistance on the baffle 20 may be changed to suit the river and the gear setup. The baffle is changed manually. The baffle compr ses a spring enabling the plate to move in and out of position.
The base section 2 is a hollow mould and is weighted in the river by filling it with concrete. The base section 2 may be held in position by driving two poles into the ground of the river and fastening the poles to the main body of the turbine. The poles may be fixed in any suitable position around the lower body.
Water flows through the grill 5 at the mouth of the unit, down the slope and through the helical turbine blade 19. As the blade starts to spin, it turns a drive gear this in turn spins a slave gear that is connected to the generator. The gears may be adapted to increase or decrease performance of the turbine depending on individual river characteristics. Once the river water has passed the turbine blade the water exits through the rear grill 8.
To install the unit I in a river a cable is connected to an inverter that is separate to the unit. Two air hoses are connected to the generator unit to allow for natural air changes in the generator chamber. When the cable and air hoses are connected and brought to land the unit is simply lowered into position below the surface of the river. Any conventional attachment cable and air hoses commonly used for water turbine units may be used. The unit can be placed on the bottom of the river, where it may be levelled using a concrete plinth or shoes to level the unit, Alternatively the unit may be raised from the bottom of the river using shoes/leg extensions.
An alarm system may be connected to the cabling system to alert the user of the water turbine unit if the unit is interfered with or the unit malfunctions as a result of a break in the current supply.
The turbine may be positioned anywhere in a river where the flow velocity is sufficient.
The water turbine unit can operate with a flow rate as low as 0.3 meters per second and so it may even be located in streams.
Any suitable materials may be used in the manufacture of the unit. The materials need to be capable of long term use submerged in water, The main body section and cover section may be manufactured from a plasfic mould. The plastic used ensures there are no contaminants in the liver. The main body section may be plastic and tilled with concrete to weight it down in the water. The grills to the front and rear may be manufactured by either moulded plastic of galvanised mild steel. The turbine blade, generator chamber and bearing chamber may be constructed of mild steel, galvanised and dipped. Bio-degradable grease may be used in the inner workings of the unit to ensure no harm to environment The invention is not limited to the embodiments herein before described which may be varied in detail.
GB1211441.9A 2012-06-27 2012-06-27 Small scale water turbine Withdrawn GB2503476A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1211441.9A GB2503476A (en) 2012-06-27 2012-06-27 Small scale water turbine
PCT/IB2013/054663 WO2014001929A2 (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-06 A water turbine unit
GB1310128.2A GB2505279A (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-06 Micro water turbine with submerged housing
IE20130188A IE20130188A1 (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-06 A water turbine unit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1211441.9A GB2503476A (en) 2012-06-27 2012-06-27 Small scale water turbine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB201211441D0 GB201211441D0 (en) 2012-08-08
GB2503476A true GB2503476A (en) 2014-01-01

Family

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1211441.9A Withdrawn GB2503476A (en) 2012-06-27 2012-06-27 Small scale water turbine
GB1310128.2A Withdrawn GB2505279A (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-06 Micro water turbine with submerged housing

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1310128.2A Withdrawn GB2505279A (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-06 Micro water turbine with submerged housing

Country Status (3)

Country Link
GB (2) GB2503476A (en)
IE (1) IE20130188A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014001929A2 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104775967A (en) * 2015-01-06 2015-07-15 洛阳市四洲水能发电科技有限公司 Movable brook generation box station
GB2550615A (en) * 2016-05-25 2017-11-29 Andritz Hydro Hammerfest (Uk) Ltd Improved underwater turbine nacelle

Citations (3)

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FR1175566A (en) * 1957-05-20 1959-03-27 Floating hydraulic machine for driving various machines
DE19648933A1 (en) * 1996-08-31 1998-03-05 Stefan Hill Small water-wheel with belt-driven generator providing near-constant remote electrical supply
DE19850948A1 (en) * 1998-11-05 2000-05-11 Stefan Hill Power generating unit with an under-driven water wheel comprises a trough with a horizontal bottom section and vertical sides bounding the water stream supplied to the wheel

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Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1175566A (en) * 1957-05-20 1959-03-27 Floating hydraulic machine for driving various machines
DE19648933A1 (en) * 1996-08-31 1998-03-05 Stefan Hill Small water-wheel with belt-driven generator providing near-constant remote electrical supply
DE19850948A1 (en) * 1998-11-05 2000-05-11 Stefan Hill Power generating unit with an under-driven water wheel comprises a trough with a horizontal bottom section and vertical sides bounding the water stream supplied to the wheel

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Small-scale Water Current Turbines for River Applications", Zero Emission Resource Organisation, January 2010, available from http://www.zero.no/publikasjoner/small-scale-water-current-turbines-for-river-applications.pdf *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104775967A (en) * 2015-01-06 2015-07-15 洛阳市四洲水能发电科技有限公司 Movable brook generation box station
GB2550615A (en) * 2016-05-25 2017-11-29 Andritz Hydro Hammerfest (Uk) Ltd Improved underwater turbine nacelle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IE20130188A1 (en) 2014-02-26
GB2505279A (en) 2014-02-26
GB201310128D0 (en) 2013-07-24
GB201211441D0 (en) 2012-08-08
WO2014001929A3 (en) 2014-02-27
WO2014001929A2 (en) 2014-01-03

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