RU2376492C2 - Damless hydraulic electric power station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to power engineering, particularly to construction of damless hydraulic electric power stations on minor and large rivers. Damless hydraulic electric power station comprises floating adjustable water intake representing two guides jointed by spacer and arranged at water maximum stream velocity depth, and hydraulic turbine couple with low-level generator. Semi-confuser guides are arranged at an angle to each other. Spacer represents telescopic regulator arranged to vary opening angle of aforesaid semi-confuser guides. ^ EFFECT: damless hydraulic electric power station operating on minor shallow-water rivers and their floods and exploiting hydraulic power of flowing water allowing for different velocities over flow depthax, both independently and as coordinated hydroelectric system to increase total generating capacity. ^ 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the use of water energy to generate electricity, in particular to the creation of damless hydroelectric power plants (HES) on small and large rivers having a flow velocity of 0.5-1.0 m / s and above, with the possibility of connecting into blocks with the flow or by dispersed placement over the depth of the stream.

Damless hydroelectric power stations (HPPs) are known in which the supporting rotating part (shaft) is a cable connected to the turbines and thrown from one bank to another (see patent application RU 94024157).

The main drawback of these damless hydroelectric power stations is their low reliability and extremely low power, as well as the inability to use them in the winter period due to the formation of ice cover.

In addition, the disadvantages of all known damless hydroelectric power plants include the impossibility of their operation on large navigable rivers and the use of energy of different depths (hydraulic energy of flowing water) with their inclusion in the general energy system.

A damless hydroelectric station is known (see AS No. 1442689, BI No. 45 of 12/07/08), the floating base of which is made in the form of a catamaran. The device is equipped with a water intake in the form of retractable shields, the shields are installed with the possibility of changing the opening angle and are interconnected using a telescopic spring regulator, the blade working body is made in the form of a conveyor, connected to a generator.

The disadvantage of this device is cumbersome, a large presence of mechanical connections. Hydroelectric power stations based on the prototype cannot be used on small shallow rivers, on their spills and on mountain rifts; the device also does not allow the hydraulic energy of flowing water to be used taking into account different speeds along the depth of the stream.

Closest to the claimed device is a damless hydroelectric power station (see patent WO 81/00595, IPC F03B 13/10, 17/06). This device is a turbine unit, consisting of one or more turbines and forming a closed element, fixed in the stream in a free floating state.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the device does not allow the use of hydraulic energy of flowing water, taking into account different speeds along the depth of the stream, and the water intake in the form of a closed element quickly fails.

The invention is aimed at creating a damless hydroelectric power station capable of operating on small shallow rivers and its spills, on mountain rifts, using the hydraulic energy of flowing water, taking into account different speeds along the flow depth, both in stand-alone and in the form of a hydroelectric power station cascade to increase the total installed capacity.

The result is achieved in that in a damless hydroelectric power station containing a floating adjustable water intake made in the form of two guides interconnected by a spacer installed at a depth of the maximum water flow rate and a hydraulic turbine connected to a deep generator, according to the invention, the guides are made semi-confuser and are located under angle relative to each other, and the spacer device is made in the form of a telescopic controller mounted with the ability to change the angle askrytiya polukonfuzornyh guides.

Protection of a damless hydroelectric station from debris and ingress of living organisms is achieved by the fact that the damless hydroelectric power station is equipped with a fencing device in the form of a grid.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show the types of damless hydroelectric power station in front (Fig. 1), side (Fig. 2), top (Fig. 3).

The damless hydroelectric power station consists of an adjustable intake made in the form of a central rack 1, two semi-confuser rails 2 mounted on it and arranged at an angle relative to each other with the possibility of changing the opening angle. Semiconfuser guides 2 are made in the form of halves of a confuser - a converging (tapering) nozzle. The damless hydroelectric power station has a working body in the form of a hydraulic turbine 3 connected to a deep generator 4. The floats 5 support the semi-confused guides 2 of the water intake through the cable 6 in a floating state, the anchor 7 fixes the position of the hydroelectric power station. The damless hydroelectric station is also equipped with a guarding device 8 in the form of a grid-grid from debris and living organisms (fish, etc.). Semiconfuser guides are interconnected by a telescopic controller 9, which acts as a spacer device of two confuser guides 2 against the flow of water. Using the telescopic controller 9, the opening angle of the confuser rails is changed, which ensures the concentration and accumulation of the water flow, increasing the total installed capacity.

Damless hydroelectric power station operates as follows. Water entering through the grid 8 to the semi-confuser guides 2, is deflected by them and sent to the hydraulic turbine 3 and the generator 4. When passing through the tapering semi-confuser guides, the water flow rate increases by 2–3 times, increasing the generator power by 5–8 times compared to classical hydroelectric power stations, which allows using hydroelectric power stations on any rivers with low water flow rates.

To stabilize the generator speed with increasing water speed, a telescopic regulator 9, which changes the angle of attack (opening) of two half-guided guides, is used. Damless hydroelectric power station is installed at a depth of maximum flow rate. Due to the uneven flow rate along its depth, it is possible to adjust the level of the hydroelectric power station installation by the depth of the stream by installing floats 5 by means of a cable 6 in order to use the maximum hydraulic energy of the water stream.

Damless hydroelectric power station can operate on a common energy network without the construction of expensive dams, locks and reservoirs with the preservation of land. A hydropower plant can operate both autonomously and as a cascade of hydropower plants to increase the total installed capacity.

Claims (2)

1. Damless hydroelectric power station containing a floating adjustable water intake, made in the form of two guides interconnected by a spacer installed at a maximum maximum water flow rate, and a hydraulic turbine connected to an in-depth generator, characterized in that the guides are semi-confused and are located at an angle relative to each other, and the spacer device is made in the form of a telescopic controller mounted with the ability to change the opening angle of the semi-confused pressure Awlavers. 2. Damless hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a protective device in the form of a grid-grid.

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