GB2502943A - Method for producing mechanical work in a conical helix turbine - Google Patents

Method for producing mechanical work in a conical helix turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2502943A
GB2502943A GB1121189.3A GB201121189A GB2502943A GB 2502943 A GB2502943 A GB 2502943A GB 201121189 A GB201121189 A GB 201121189A GB 2502943 A GB2502943 A GB 2502943A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
working medium
mechanical work
actuating device
rotation
conical helix
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB1121189.3A
Other versions
GB201121189D0 (en
GB2502943B (en
Inventor
Georgy R Umarov
Sergey I Boychenko
Shiv Vikram Khemka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Solaris Holdings Ltd
Original Assignee
Solaris Holdings Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solaris Holdings Ltd filed Critical Solaris Holdings Ltd
Priority to GB1121189.3A priority Critical patent/GB2502943B/en
Publication of GB201121189D0 publication Critical patent/GB201121189D0/en
Priority to ES12806660T priority patent/ES2763855T3/en
Priority to PCT/IB2012/002379 priority patent/WO2013084036A1/en
Priority to JP2014545373A priority patent/JP2015505931A/en
Priority to RU2014123114A priority patent/RU2014123114A/en
Priority to US14/363,192 priority patent/US20150240641A1/en
Priority to EP12806660.2A priority patent/EP2788582B1/en
Priority to CN201280066606.4A priority patent/CN104093936B/en
Publication of GB2502943A publication Critical patent/GB2502943A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2502943B publication Critical patent/GB2502943B/en
Priority to JP2017206721A priority patent/JP6556804B2/en
Priority to US16/293,023 priority patent/US20190264565A1/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/34—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines characterised by non-bladed rotor, e.g. with drilled holes
    • F01D1/38—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines characterised by non-bladed rotor, e.g. with drilled holes of the screw type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/32—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with pressure velocity transformation exclusively in rotor, e.g. the rotor rotating under the influence of jets issuing from the rotor, e.g. Heron turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
    • F05D2250/17—Two-dimensional hyperbolic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/20—Three-dimensional
    • F05D2250/27—Three-dimensional hyperboloid

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

A method of producing mechanical work includes swirling a compressed working medium and expanding it to produce mechanical work in an actuating device 1 which has a fluid pathway in the form of a conical helix the projection of which on a plane positioned at an angle to the axis of rotation is a curve having at least two breakpoints. Preferably a segment of the curve is a hyperbolic spiral and the lead of the conical helix is variable. The working medium may be discharged from the actuating device by at least two jets 6 into a closed shell 4 in the form of a blade turbine.

Description

Method for producing mechanical work The invention pertains to the field of power plant engineering (power engineering) and may be applied to convert kinetic and. thermal energy of a working medium into mechanical work.
There are known methods for converting kinetic energy of a working medium into mechanical energy in an engine with rotary motion of the working element. For example, Patents US3282560, 11.01.1966, CH669428, 15.03.1989, and RU2200848, 20.03.2003, cover methods for producing mechanical energy in a gas turbine, where compressed gas energy is converted in the blade system into mechanical work of the shaft. The working medium is at the same time fed into the channels of the turbine rotor and accelerated at the outflow from the channels, the rotation of the rotor being provided.
Low efficiency of converting the internal energy of the working medium into thermal energy and low efficiency of converting the thermal energy of a compressed working medium into mechanical energy are common drawbacks of known methods. The low efficiency of converting the thermal energy of a compressed working medium into mechanical one is explained, in particular, by the fact that (in the frames of a known principle of operation of a heat engine) according to the second law of thermodynamics, the efficiency factor of a heat engine does not depend upon its design and the type of the working medium; rather, it i.s determined by the temperature difference of the working medium inside the heat engine and at its outflow.
One of the feasible and effective tecimiques of utilizing the thermal energy of a working medium to a fUller extent is its regeneration after being used in a power turbine. In gas-turbine engines of conventional design, however, regeneration of the thermal energy takes place in the heat exchanger and does not result in a significant effect.
There are known methods for converting thermal energy into mechanical work that consist in additional conversion of the internal heat of the working medium into its kinetic energy, and fi.irther into mechanical energy. The complementary kinetic energy is generated in this case from a portion of heat that during known thermodynamic cycles is removed into the heat receiver.
In other* known methods, the complementary kinetic energy of a working medium is extracted by means of directional spatial orientation of its micro-volumes (Patent RU2134354, 10.08.1999). According to methods covered by Patents RU2006589, 30.01.1994 and RU2031230, 20.03.1995, the thermodynamic state of the working medium is changed before the latter is introduced into the turbine, and rotary motion is imparted to the working medium at different angles to the turbine rotor shaft. The flow conditions created in this case for the working medium (in particular, specified distribution of peripheral velocities of the working medium micro-volumes is provided depending on the distance to the rotor shaft) are such that a portion of its heat would spontaneously generate an increment to the rotary motion of the working medium itself A known method for converting thermal and kinetic energies of a working medium into mechanical work covered by Patent RU2084645, 20.07.1997, consists in the fact that before reaching the blades of a centripetal turbine, the pre-compressed working medium is spirally swirled in a guide assembly and then directed to an acceleration chamber to be expanded and cooled, and after the dynamic pressure acts on the turbine blades, the working medium is compressed. In this case a higher efficiency factor of conversion is achieved by selecting an optimal angle of swirl for the working medium flow in the guide assembly so as to ensure an increase in the velocity of a unit mass of the working medium on approaching the axis of rotation. According to the inventor, this is an essential condition for partial heat transition to rotary motion without enlarging the volume of the working medium, and thus for a higher efficiency factor of conversion.
The efficiency factor gain in the described method may turn out to be less significant because of the need to match the blade shapes of the guide assembly and the turbine.
The technical result which this invention is aimed at consists in the development of an economical method for producing mechanical energy with its relatively easy implementation.
The defined technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for producing mechanical work, which includes swirling of a pre-compressed working medium, its expansion in an actuating device to produce mechanical work in the form of rotation of the shaft of the actuating device, and discharge of the working medium from the said device, the working medium is swirled directly in the actuating device along a spatial trajectory in the form of a conical helix, the projection of which on a plane positioned at an angle to the axis of rotation is a curve having at least two breakpoints. A segment of the curve may be shaped as a hyperbolic spiral. The lead of the conical helix in a frontal plane passing through the axis of rotation may be made variable. The working medium may be a liquid or a gas. The discharge of the working medium from the actuating device may be accomplished by at least two jets.
In a particular case, the working medium is discharged to a closed shell. In a particular case, the shell is made in the form of a blade turbine and mounted with a capability of rotating.
The essence of the suggested method is the fact that the increment velocity of the rotary motion is provided by generating the rotary motion from a portion of heat removed to the heat receiver during implementation of known thermodynamic cycles.
The method is based on a statement (proved scientifically and experimentally) that heat release in a gas vortex is capable of inducing large-scale azimuthal motion, increasing the total flow circulation (Yusupaliyev U. et al. "Heat Release as a Mechanism of Self-Sustaining of Gas Vortex Flow", Applied Physics, 2000, No. 1, p. 5-10) [1]. This work analyzes the mechanism of converting latent thermal energy into the kinetic energy of a vortex flow and demonstrates the connection of the conversion factor with the rotary velocity of the flow and the size (geometry) of the operating region of a heat source.
The efficiency of converting thermal energy into the kinetic energy of azimuthal motion is expressed as: AK Q2(r2-r1)2 LQ cT0 where: AK -kinetic energy increment LiQ -thermal energy increment Q -thermal energy r1 r2 -heat source boundaries (i.e., a heat source of T0p3c f(r) volume density is acting in a region confined by r1 <r < r2) -temperature of the heat receiver c2 -heat capacity of the working medium It is also shown that the spatial spectrum of the rotary velocity of the vortex core is determined by function f(r) in which r is a polar coordinate of the heat disturbance region.
The suggested model gives a good description of processes occurring in a vortex (tornado), where heat is released as a result of recombination and aggregation of molecules.
On the other hand, the work by Akhiyezer A.I. and Berestetsky V.V.
"Quantum Electrodynamics", Moscow, Nauka, 1969 [2] demonstrates that complementary energy may be released in the form of heat as a result of production and destruction of electron-positron or other pairs of elementary particles occurring in the process of creation of quantum-mechanical resonance with the positron state of the Dirac's matter. As a trigger action aimed at putting the system that contains the working medium into the mentioned quantum-mechanical resonance, a required energy density per volume unit of the working medium is created, as well as a required density of momentum or of its moment. This is achieved by directional spatial orientation of the motion of the working medium micro-volumes with the provision of a step change in the quantum-mechanical state of the mentioned system. Such forced motion of the working medium along defined trajectories in the quantum-mechanical meaning of this concept provides phase changes in the working medium micro-volumes near the trajectory breakpoints.
Therefore, heat release in the vortex is transformed into the rotary motion of the working medium micro-volumes leading in its turn to additional heat release. An avalanche process develops that results in imparting an additional torque to the shaft and thus increases the efficiency of producing the mechanical work.
The additional torque is imparted to the shaft as well by the working medium outflow from the actuating device in at least two jets tangential to the circumference in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft. The dynamic pressure of the jets allows the internal energy of the working medium to be used to the frillest extent.
The actuating device is enclosed in a rotatably mounted shell with the formation of an annular space that maintains the working medium in fill volume for the purpose of its fi.irther regeneration in order to arrange a closed work cycle of producing the mechanical work. If the shell and the actuating mechanism mounted on the same shaft are rigidly coupled, energy loss may be caused by the fact that according to the angular momentum conservation law, the net torque created on the rotor is compensated for by a reciprocal moment produced by deceleration of the used working medium on the inner surface of the shell.
The method for producing mechanical work may be implemented in an apparatus the best embodiment of which is described in this section. The accompanying drawing represents the functional diagram of the apparatus.
The basic element of the apparatus is actuating device 1 containing guide assembly ("swirler") 2 that corresponds in shape to the design form and is a conical spiral (a screw in the form of a conical spiral). The guide assembly is rigidly secured on shaft 3, which is the working shaft of the apparatus, and is enclosed in rotatably mounted shell 4. The actuating device is equipped with inlet pipe branch 5 for the working medium and an outlet nozzle 6 to discharge the working medium from the actuating device for the purpose of its further use, in particular, its regeneration. The swirler comprises at least two channels (not shown in the diagram) for the working medium outflow. The shell of the actuating device in a particular case is made in the form of a blade turbine mounted with a capability of rotating synchronously with the rotation of the shaft. Mechanically coupled to the shaft of the actuating device are mechanical energy sink shaft 7 (for example, rotor shaft of an electric machine) and compressor shaft 8 for providing a closed cycle of producing mechanical energy. The compressor outlet closes on the inlet pipe branch of the actuating device.
The method for producing mechanical work is implemented as follows.
The working medium pre-compressed in compressor 8 is supplied via inlet pipe branch 5 of the actuating device to guide assembly 2, where it is swirled along a trajectory determined by the shape of the swirler, with heat released due to internal energy resources. The released heat sustains the rotation of the working medium flow and, therefore, of shaft 3. The torque of the shaft increases without drawing complementary energy from the outside, thereby increasing the heat release. The process of self-sustaining rotation of the working medium and of the rotor shaft is implemented, which substantially increases the efficiency of the apparatus. The working medium outflows from the swirler through at least two channels in a direction perpendicular to the radius of the shaft, generating reaction forces that impart torque to the shaft. At high rate the flow enters a cavity enclosed in shell 4 and interacts with the shell through friction. Lower friction loss is achieved by making the shell capable of rotating, in a particular case, synchronously with the rotation of the shaft.
The method may be applied industrially to produce mechanical energy in power engineering, transport and other industries for which the efficiency of heat engines plays a major role. Claim

Claims (6)

1. A method for producing mechanical work, which includes swirling of a pre-compressed working medium, its expansion in an actuating device to produce mechanical work in the form of rotation of the shaft, and discharge of the working medium from said device which is different that the working medium is swirled in the actuating device along a spatial trajectory in the form of a conical helix, the projection of which on a plane positioned at an angle to the axis of rotation is a curve having at least two breakpoints.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which a segment of said curve is shaped as a hyperbolic spiral.
3. A method according to claim 1, in which the lead of the conical helix in a frontal plane passing through the axis of rotation is made variable.
4. A method according to claim 1, in which the discharge of the working medium from the actuating device is accomplished by at least two jets.
5. A method according to claim 4, in which the working medium is discharged to a closed shell.
6. A method according to claim 5, in which said shell is made in the form of a blade turbine and mounted with a capability of rotating.
GB1121189.3A 2011-12-07 2011-12-07 Method for producing mechanical work Expired - Fee Related GB2502943B (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1121189.3A GB2502943B (en) 2011-12-07 2011-12-07 Method for producing mechanical work
PCT/IB2012/002379 WO2013084036A1 (en) 2011-12-07 2012-11-15 Method for producing mechanical work
ES12806660T ES2763855T3 (en) 2011-12-07 2012-11-15 Method to produce mechanical work
JP2014545373A JP2015505931A (en) 2011-12-07 2012-11-15 Methods for creating machine work
RU2014123114A RU2014123114A (en) 2011-12-07 2012-11-15 METHOD FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL WORK
US14/363,192 US20150240641A1 (en) 2011-12-07 2012-11-15 Method for producing mechanical work
EP12806660.2A EP2788582B1 (en) 2011-12-07 2012-11-15 Method for producing mechanical work
CN201280066606.4A CN104093936B (en) 2011-12-07 2012-11-15 Produce the method for mechanical work
JP2017206721A JP6556804B2 (en) 2011-12-07 2017-10-26 Methods for creating machine work
US16/293,023 US20190264565A1 (en) 2011-12-07 2019-03-05 Method for producing mechanical work

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1121189.3A GB2502943B (en) 2011-12-07 2011-12-07 Method for producing mechanical work

Publications (3)

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GB201121189D0 GB201121189D0 (en) 2012-01-18
GB2502943A true GB2502943A (en) 2013-12-18
GB2502943B GB2502943B (en) 2016-03-16

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GB1121189.3A Expired - Fee Related GB2502943B (en) 2011-12-07 2011-12-07 Method for producing mechanical work

Country Status (8)

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US (2) US20150240641A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2788582B1 (en)
JP (2) JP2015505931A (en)
CN (1) CN104093936B (en)
ES (1) ES2763855T3 (en)
GB (1) GB2502943B (en)
RU (1) RU2014123114A (en)
WO (1) WO2013084036A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9035482B2 (en) * 2013-03-08 2015-05-19 Monarch Power Corp. Spiral turbine operating on pressure principle

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191024140A (en) * 1910-10-18 1911-06-29 James Stevenson Improvements in or connected with Turbines or Rotary Engines.
GB191107762A (en) * 1910-03-30 1912-03-21 Robert Mccullough Waugh Improvements in or relating to Steam or Fluid Pressure Turbines.
GB864466A (en) * 1958-09-19 1961-04-06 Fuchs Anton Improvements in and relating to turbines
WO1999039083A2 (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-08-05 Franz Senoner Geothermal vertical turbine
CN1873190A (en) * 2006-06-29 2006-12-06 李克强 Spiral type turbine
US20110221198A1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2011-09-15 Evans Michael J Vortical flow turbine

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RU2006589C1 (en) 1990-05-22 1994-01-30 Леонид Павлович Козлов Method and device for converting heat to energy of gas flow motion
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RU2084645C1 (en) 1991-11-14 1997-07-20 Леонид Павлович Козлов Method of converting heat energy into mechanical work in heat machine and heat machine
RU2031230C1 (en) 1992-04-28 1995-03-20 Анатолий Михайлович Рахмаилов Method of converting heat energy to mechanical work in gas-turbine engine and gas-turbine engine
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191107762A (en) * 1910-03-30 1912-03-21 Robert Mccullough Waugh Improvements in or relating to Steam or Fluid Pressure Turbines.
GB191024140A (en) * 1910-10-18 1911-06-29 James Stevenson Improvements in or connected with Turbines or Rotary Engines.
GB864466A (en) * 1958-09-19 1961-04-06 Fuchs Anton Improvements in and relating to turbines
WO1999039083A2 (en) * 1998-01-29 1999-08-05 Franz Senoner Geothermal vertical turbine
CN1873190A (en) * 2006-06-29 2006-12-06 李克强 Spiral type turbine
US20110221198A1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2011-09-15 Evans Michael J Vortical flow turbine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2015505931A (en) 2015-02-26
US20150240641A1 (en) 2015-08-27
GB201121189D0 (en) 2012-01-18
EP2788582A1 (en) 2014-10-15
GB2502943B (en) 2016-03-16
CN104093936A (en) 2014-10-08
EP2788582B1 (en) 2019-11-06
WO2013084036A1 (en) 2013-06-13
RU2014123114A (en) 2016-02-10
JP6556804B2 (en) 2019-08-07
ES2763855T3 (en) 2020-06-01
US20190264565A1 (en) 2019-08-29
CN104093936B (en) 2016-06-08
JP2018048640A (en) 2018-03-29

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Effective date: 20201207