GB2482722A

GB2482722A - Hinge arrangements

Info

Publication number: GB2482722A
Application number: GB1013594.5A
Authority: GB
Inventors: T Dolman
Original assignee: Trojan Hardware and Design Ltd
Current assignee: Trojan Hardware and Design Ltd
Priority date: 2010-08-13
Filing date: 2010-08-13
Publication date: 2012-02-15
Also published as: GB201013594D0

Abstract

A hinge 10 has a flag leaf 18 and a yoke 16. The flag leaf carries pins 36 to fit sockets 34 in the yoke 16. The yoke is telescopic to allow the separation of the knuckles 22, 24, and hence of the sockets 34 in the knuckles 22, 24 to be changed between a widely spaced, assembly condition, and a more closely spaced use condition. A hinge is also claimed which comprises first and second leaves, and a mounting arrangement comprising a penetrating member extending from the mounted leaf and through a surface, and a clamp arrangement attached to the penetrating member behind the surface to prevent the member returning through the surface. Furthermore, a hinge is claimed comprising first and second leaves and a mounting arrangement having a plurality of interleaved plates 60, 84, 88 which are clamped together to resist relative movement.

Description

Hinge Arrangements The present invention relates to hinge arrangements.

Hinge arrangements are used in many circumstances, including the mounting of windows and doors in frames. Modern window and door frame hinges are desirably adjustable in various ways, to ensure correct alignment of the door or window in the frame, and to adjust the compression of seal strips when the door or window is closed. In addition, the hinges are required to be secure against tampering, particularly when the hinges are exposed to the outside of the building and thus vulnerable to attack in an attempt to remove the door or window. Initial installation of the window or door in the frame may be difficult in view of the weight of the window or door, particularly if the window or door is large and double-or triple-glazed.

Some hinges have a leaf which is generally rectangular in appearance, which gives rise to the names "flag" leaf and "flag" hinge. The flag leaf contains adjustment arrangements, and is usually mounted to the moving frame. The fixed frame carries a fixed leaf which provides a pivotal connection with the flag leaf, either on one side of the flag leaf or on both sides (sometimes called a T hinge).

In one aspect, examples of the present invention provide a hinge comprising: a flag leaf; a yoke; co-operating features in the form of pins and sockets carried by the leaf and yoke and which define an axis for the hinge; and wherein the yoke is telescopic to change between an assembly condition and a use condition in which each socket cooperates with a respective pin to provide a hinge action.

The leaf may carry projecting pins, the yoke having sockets for receiving the pins, the telescopic action of the yoke changing the separation of the sockets.

The assembly separation of the pins or sockets may be wider than the use separation. The assembly separation of the sockets may be wider than the use separation. There may be a lock arrangement for locking the yoke in the use condition.

The yoke may comprise a hollow member carrying a first knuckle in which a first co-operating feature is provided, and an inner member received telescopically in the hollow member and carrying a second knuckle in which a second co- 1 5 operating feature is provided. The co-operating features of the knuckles may be sockets. There may be a locking screw mounted on the hollow member to bear on the inner member to lock the position of the inner member relative to the hollow member.

In another aspect, examples of the present invention provide a hinge comprising: first and second leaves which cooperate to provide a hinge action; a mounting arrangement for mounting one of the leaves on a surface; the mounting arrangement comprising a penetrating member extending from the mounted leaf and through the surface, and a clamp arrangement attached to the penetrating member behind the surface, to prevent the penetrating member returning through the surface.

The penetrating member may be elongate. The clamp arrangement may comprise first and second clamp members which grip the penetrating member.

There may be a first clamp member which is mounted relative to the surface, and a second clamp member which is mountable on the first clamp member for receipt of the penetrating member between them. There may be a threaded member engaging the clamp members to tighten the clamp members around the penetrating member. The clamp members and the penetrating member may have co-operating surface formations to provide increased grip of the penetrating member. The clamp member and/or the penetrating member may be roughened and/or threaded.

The surface may be a surface of an extruded frame member having a channel recess behind the surface, at least one of the clamp members being mounted in the channel recess.

In another aspect, examples of the present invention provide a hinge comprising: first and second leaves which cooperate to provide a hinge action; a mounting arrangement for mounting one of the leaves on a surface; the mounting arrangement comprising a plurality of interleaved plates carried alternately by the said leaf and the surface, and a clamping arrangement operable to clamp the plates together to resist relative movement.

There may be at least an inner plate between two outer plates, the clamping arrangement serving to press the outer plates together, to trap the inner plate.

The clamping arrangement may comprise a threaded member extending through the plates to be tightened to clamp the plates together. There may be a projection carried by one plate and located in an aperture or recess in a neighbouring plate to limit relative movement by abutting the extremities of the aperture or recess.

There may be at least one plate having a pair of parallel straight surfaces which abut respective parallel surfaces on a neighbouring plate to limit relative movement of the plates to linear movement without twisting. The said one plate may have a second pair of parallel straight surfaces which abut respective parallel surfaces on another neighbouring plate to limit relative movement of the said one plate and the other neighbouring plate to linear movement in another direction, without twisting. The two linear directions may be perpendicular.

Examples of the present invention may embody one or more of the aspects set out above.

Example embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is an exterior perspective view of an example hinge installed in a window or door and shown closed; Fig. 2 is an interior view of the hinge of Fig. 1, shown open; Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the hinge of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of a further plate forming part of the hinge of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4a indicates the construction of the further plate; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the outer plate of the hinge of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the assembled hinge, illustrating the backplate; Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the hinge pin member of the hinge; Fig. 8 corresponds with Fig. 2, with the hinge partly disassembled; Fig. 9 is a section at the line 9-9 in Fig. 1; and Figs. 10 to 13 are views in the view direction indicated in Fig. 9, with the hinge in various adjustment positions.

Overview The drawings illustrate an example flag hinge 10 in use to provide a hinge connection between a fixed frame 12 and a moving frame 14. The frames 12, 14 may be extruded profiles as shown, which may incorporate reinforcing elements (not shown).

The hinge 10 includes a yoke 16 mounted on the fixed frame 12, and a flag or hinge leaf 18 attached to the moving frame 14. The hinge leaf 18 and the yoke 16 act as the two leaves of the hinge 10, and co-operate to provide a hinge action between the moving frame 14 and the fixed frame 12. The moving frame 14 is shown in its closed position in Fig. 1, for example, and in its fully open position in Fig. 2, for example.

In a typical installation, the hinge 10 will be exposed to the outside of the building, being mounted on the external faces of the frames 12, 14. Accordingly, the hinge is exposed to attack. Various security features are incorporated in this example to help resist attack. Various adjustment features are also incorporated to allow the moving frame 14 to be correctly set up in the fixed frame 12. Other features of the hinge 10 facilitate installation and adjustment. Yoke

Considering Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the yoke 16 acts as one leaf of the hinge 10 and includes a hollow member 20 which is elongate and carries a first knuckle 22.

The yoke 16 also includes a second knuckle 24. The knuckles 22, 24 receive the leaf 18 between them.

Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the hinge 10. In addition, the yoke 16 is shown in a different condition to that shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the yoke 16 is in its use condition. The knuckles 22, 24 are closer together than in the condition of Fig. 3, which is an assembly condition. This change in separation is achieved by a telescopic action within the yoke 16. The telescopic action is between the hollow member 20 and an inner member 26. The hollow member 20 is generally rectangular in cross-section. The inner member 26 1 5 consists of two parallel arms 28 spaced to be a close fit between two opposite walls of the hollow member 20, leaving a space 30 between the arms 28. The arms 28 are coupled together by a head 32 on which the second knuckle 24 is also carried. The arms 28 are able to slide into and out of one end of the hollow member 20 to provide the telescopic action, which also changes the separation of the second knuckle 24 from the first knuckle 22, mounted at the other end of the hollow member 20. The separation can be changed without disassembly of the yoke. Thus, the yoke 16 is telescopic because its length can be changed without its components being dismantled or disassembled.

The second knuckle 24 provides a socket 34 facing the first knuckle 22. The first knuckle 22 has a corresponding socket (not visible in Fig. 3) facing the second knuckle 24. The leaf 18 includes pins 36 which are coaxially arranged to project in opposite directions from the leaf 18.

Accordingly, with the yoke 16 in the extended condition of Fig. 3, the hinge 10 can be assembled by moving the leaf 18 into the lengthened space between the knuckles 22, 24, and then using the telescopic action of the yoke 16 to move the knuckles 22, 24 together to introduce the pins 36 into the respective sockets 34.

Once the yoke 16 has been closed, the pins and sockets will cooperate to provide a hinge action between the leaf 18 and the yoke 16.

The side walls of the hollow member 20 each have a threaded aperture 38 to receive a lock screw 40 (Fig. 2) which can be tightened to bear on the corresponding arm 28 of the inner member 26 to lock the position of the inner member 26 relative to the hollow member 20. This locks the telescopic action of the yoke 16, thereby locking the separation of the knuckles 22, 24 and securing the assembly of the hinge 10. The provision of two apertures 38 allows the lock screw 40 to be located at a position which will be inaccessible when the moving frame 14 is closed. This can be seen by considering Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The lock screw 40 is visible in Fig. 2 but the moving frame 14 has moved over it in Fig. 1, 1 5 leaving only the unused aperture 38 exposed.

The yoke 16 is mounted on the fixed frame 12 by means of mounting screws 42 which pass through the hollow member 20 and through the space 30 between the arms 28. Accordingly, the arms 28 can slide between the mounting screws 42 and the side walls of the hollow member 20.

The telescopic action described above allows the hinge 10 to be assembled by first extending the yoke 16 to move the knuckles 22, 24 apart. The moving frame 14 can then be lifted to place the leaf 18 between the knuckles 22, 24. When the required hinge axis is vertical, it is desirable for the first knuckle 22 to be below the second knuckle 24 so that at this stage of the assembly, the moving frame 14 can be lowered to engage the socket 34 of the first knuckle 22 with the corresponding pin 36. This results in the weight of the moving frame 14 being supported by the first knuckle 22. The installer can then release the moving frame 14, freeing both hands to complete the assembly.

It is envisaged that once the installer has successfully engaged the leaf 18 with the first knuckle 22, the correct alignment of the second knuckle 24 and the corresponding pin 36 will be assured, so that it is a relatively easy matter to engage the remaining pin and socket as the second knuckle 22 is brought down.

This provides a simple installation procedure.

Once the knuckles 22, 24 have been brought together and locked to complete the hinge assembly, further adjustment can be made by means of arrangements which will now be described.

Seal compression The pins 36 are located at opposite ends of a pin member 44 (Fig. 7). The pin member 44 is received in two bushes 46 of the leaf 18. The bushes 46 are 1 5 externally cylindrical and separated by a gap 48.

In addition to the pins 34, the pin member has cylindrical collars 50 separated by a hexagonal neck 52. When the pin member 44 is in the bushes 46, the neck 52 is exposed in the gap 48 and the collars 50 are received within the bushes 46.

The cylindrical axis of the collars 50 is parallel with the pins 36, but the pins 36 are offset from the cylindrical axis of the collars 50. The pins 36 may be the opposite ends of a single rod around which the features of the collars 50 and the neck 52 are over-moulded.

The pins 36 project out from the bushes 46 through slots 54 which have parallel sides 56, perpendicular to the hinge axis. Within the bushes 46, the collars 50 are constrained between parallel walls (not shown) which are perpendicular to the sides 56 and also to the hinge axis. During installation, the neck 52 can be engaged with a spanner or other tool to turn the pin member 44 within the bushes 46. This rotation, in conjunction with the constraints represented by the parallel sides 56 and the internal parallel walls between which the collars 50 are constrained, results in the pins 36 moving along the slots 54 as the pin member 44 turns. This moves the pins 36 toward or away from the moving frame 14.

The result of this is to change the degree of compression imposed on a seal strip 58, carried by the moving frame 14, when the moving frame 14 is fully closed within the fixed frame 12. Thus, the arrangement of the pin member 44 allows adjustment of the hinge 10 in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the moving frame 14, in order to adjust the seal compression achieved.

The geometry just described in relation to the movement of the pins 36 along the slots 54 is described in more detail in our earlier British patent GB241 451 2B.

Securing the moving frame The leaf 18 will be exposed to tampering in a typical installation, as noted above.

Accordingly, the hinge 10 includes features to secure the attachment between the leaf 18 and the moving frame 14, to prevent the moving frame 14 being removed in this manner. These features can now be described with particular reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 8.

Figure 3 shows an outer plate 60 to which two elongate posts 62 are riveted.

The use of riveting is to prevent the posts 62 being released from the outer plate as a result of tampering. The outer plate 60 forms part of the leaf 18 (as will be described below). The posts 62 extend through the leaf 18 and penetrate the outer surface 64 of the moving frame 14.

The moving frame 14, in this example, is an extruded member having a main cavity 66 surrounded by various other features for aesthetic and functional reasons. One of these features is a channel recess 68 of a type which is conventional in itself and sometimes called a "Euro groove". It has been previously proposed to use a Euro groove for housing the locking gear of the door or window. The Euro groove channel 68 is generally rectangular in cross-section and open along one side between lips 70. The posts 62, after passing through the outer surface 64, extend to a position close to the mouth of the channel 68.

A clamp arrangement is provided for the posts 62, in conjunction with the channel 68. The clamp arrangement comprises a clamp block 72 and a jaw 74.

The clamp block 72 has a shape which is generally complementary with the shape of the channel 68, so that the clamp block 72 can be introduced into the channel 68 at one end of the moving frame 14 and then slid along the channel 68 to the required position. The clamp block 72 provides a threaded aperture 76 for receiving a fixing screw 78 by means of which the jaw 74 can be mounted to the block 72. This defines two clamp spaces between the jaw 74 and the clamp block 72 in which the posts 62 are received. Accordingly, when the posts 62 are received between the jaw 74 and the clamp block 72, the screw 78 can be tightened to clamp the posts 62 securely between the jaw 74 and the block 72.

Fig. 8 shows the posts 62 after they have penetrated the outer surface 64 to a position alongside the block 72, before the jaw 74 and screw 78 have been introduced. Once the jaw 74 has been introduced, and the screw 78 has been tightened, the outer plate 60 is securely mounted to the moving frame 14, as follows. The outer plate 60 is secure on the posts 62, as noted above. The posts 62 are clamped between the jaw 74 and the block 72. The block 72 is mounted in the channel 68. This results in the leaf 18 being securely mounted on the moving frame 14. The leaf 18 cannot be released from the frame 14 without access to the screw 78, but the screw 78 is inaccessible between the frames 12, 14 when the frame 14 is closed in the frame 12, as can be seen by considering Fig. 2 and Fig. 1.

Additional adjustment arrangements Arrangements have been described above for adjusting the hinge 10 in order to control the compression of the seal 58. Additional arrangements are provided to allow the moving frame 14 to be adjusted within its own plane, relative to the fixed frame 12. These arrangements will now be described.

Returning again to be exploded view of Fig. 3, the components of the leaf 18 will now be described more fully.

The outer plate 60 and the fixed posts 62 have previously been described. The outer plate 60 is fixed to the moving frame 14, as has been described. The outer plate 60 also has apertures 80 for receiving clamp bolts 82.

An inner plate 84 lies parallel with and against the outer plate 60, between the outer plate 60 and the moving frame 14. The inner plate 84 has a generally rectangular aperture 86 which is significantly oversized relative to the diameters of the posts 62 and the clamp bolts 82, and the spacing of the posts and bolts.

1 5 The inner plate 84 is integral with the bushes 46.

The inner plate 84 lies between the outer plate 60 and a further plate 88 and parallel with both. The further plate 88 is only partly visible in Fig. 3, through the aperture 86. The further plate 88 is formed from two components shown assembled in Fig. 4, and prior to assembly in Fig. 4a. (The exploded view of Fig. 3 also shows them prior to assembly). The plate component 880 is made of sheet material. Two parallel slots 881 are formed close to edges of the plate component 880. A rack component 882 has two parallel racks 883 and is assembled to the plate component 880 so that each rack 883 partially occupies a respective one of the slots 881, thereby positioning each rack 883 parallel with and alongside the remaining, unobstructed area of the respective slot 881. In the assembled condition (Fig. 4), the racks 883 each have parallel straight surfaces 884 which stand proud of the surface of the plate component 880 and face each other across the plate component 880. The significance of the parallel surfaces 884 will be described below.

Fig. 5 illustrates the face of the outer plate 60 which faces the moving frame 14.

This face of the plate 60 has a land 600 which is proud of the plane of the plate and has parallel surfaces 601 at its edges. Each of the parallel surfaces 601 has an associated rack 602 positioned alongside it. The surfaces 601 face in opposite directions and away from each other across the plate 60. The separation of the surfaces 601 corresponds with the separation of the surfaces 884 on the further plate 88. The form of the racks 602 is for cooperation with the racks 883 on the further plate 88. The significance of this will be described below.

A backplate 92 lies parallel with the other plates 60, 84, 88, between the further plate 88 and the moving frame 14. The backplate 92 has a single large aperture 94 (Fig. 6) which has a shape at least as large as to correspond with the outermost dimensions of the aperture 86. The backplate 92 is integral with the bushes 46 and with the inner plate 84, these components being formed, in this example, by pressing sheet material.

Returning to Figs. 4 and 4a, further parallel surfaces 885 can be seen as edges of the rack component 882, extending perpendicular to the racks 883. When the plate 88 is assembled by placing the racks 883 in the slots 881, the parallel surfaces 885 remain exposed and proud of the adjacent face of the plate component 880. Thus, the plate 880 has a second pair of parallel straight surfaces, in addition to the surfaces 884. The surfaces 885 are perpendicular to the surfaces 884.

The rack component 882 projects from the further plate 88 into the aperture 94 in the backplate 92, in the assembled hinge. The separation of the surfaces 885 corresponds with the separation of straight edges forming the aperture 94, so that the edges of the aperture 94 abut the surfaces 885, when assembled.

Additional packing (not shown) may be provided between the backplate 92 and the moving frame 14, particularly if the outer surface of the moving frame 14 is not flat.

Thus, the plates 60, 84, 88, 92 are four interleaved plates carried alternately by the hinge 10 as part of the leaf 18, and by the moving frame 14.

When the leaf 18 is assembled and attached to the moving frame 14, the posts 62 extend through the apertures 86, 90, 94 and penetrate the outer surface 64 to engage with the clamping arrangements 72, 74 described above. The clamp bolts 82 extend through the apertures 80, 86, 90, 94 and then penetrate the outer surface 64 to engage with threaded bores 98 in the block 72 (Fig. 9).

While the bolts 82 are engaged with the threaded bores 98, but have not been fully tightened, the position of the moving frame 14 relative to the fixed frame 12 can be adjusted, as follows. First, note that the inner plate 84 and the backplate 92 are fixed to the pivot axis defined by the pins 36 by virtue of being integral with the bushes 46. Second, note that the outer plate 60 is fixed to the moving frame 14 by the posts 62 and bolts 82 and that the posts 62 and bolts 82 also penetrate the slots 881 in the further plate 88. The plates 60, 88 can together slide parallel to their planes, relative to the plates 84, 92. That is, these plates can slide across each other. Consequently, the position of the moving frame 14 can be adjusted relative to the fixed frame 12, within the plane of the moving frame 14. If the hinge axis is vertical or horizontal, this freedom corresponds with vertical and horizontal adjustment of the moving frame 14, within the fixed frame 12. This freedom is limited in the following ways.

First, the fitting of the surfaces 601 on the outer plate 60 between the parallel surfaces 884 on the further plate 88 allows the outer plate 60 (and hence the moving frame 14) to move toward or away from the hinge axis but constrained to a linear movement perpendicular to the hinge axis, and prevented from twisting by the engagement of the parallel straight surfaces 601, 884. Secondly, movement of the outer plate 60 (and thus of the moving frame 14) parallel with the hinge axis is also available by the sliding of the rack component 882 in the aperture 94, but is constrained by the abutment of the parallel surfaces 885 with the edges of the aperture 94 to a linear movement, without twisting. Thus, the outer plate 60 can move relative to the hinge axis in two perpendicular directions, because the surfaces 885 are perpendicular to the surfaces 884.

Consequently, once the hinge 10 has been assembled by means of the telescopic yoke 16, in the manner described above, the position of the moving frame 14 relative to the hinge axis can be adjusted by sliding the various plates 60, 88 and 84, 92 past each other. In a typical arrangement, the hinge axis will be vertical (or horizontal), with the moving frame being adjustable by vertical and horizontal movement, but substantially without twisting within the hinge 10.

1 5 Various examples of extreme positions are illustrated in Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 13.

These correspond respectively with the extreme horizontal positions of the frame 14 to the left and the right, and the extreme vertical positions, up and down.

These views (and thus the use of the terms up, down, left and right) are related to the viewing position indicated by the arrow 102 in Fig. 9.

Once the correct position has been found, the bolts 82 are fully tightened in the bores 98. This has the effect of clamping together the various plates. In particular, the outer plate 60 is clamped toward the moving frame 14.

Consequently, the abutting surfaces of the outer plate 60 and the inner plate 84 are clamped together. Similarly, the abutting surfaces of the inner plate 84 and the further plate 88 are clamped together. Still further, the abutting faces of the further plate 88 and the backplate 92 are clamped together. The frictional forces created by this clamping are created over the combined total areas of these various surfaces, so that significant friction can be created within a relatively small area of the leaf 18, by virtue of the interleaved nature of the various plates.

The bolts 82 can be tightened until the frame 14 is held adequately securely against horizontal or vertical movement. When required, the bolts 82 can be released slightly to reduce the friction and allow the moving frame 14 to be adjusted in the fixed frame 1 2 Once assembled and adjusted in this manner, the frame 14 is able to open or close within the frame 12 while remaining correctly aligned within the frame 12, and ensuring appropriate compression of the seal 58 when closed. The leaf 18 may then be covered by a cover 100, primarily for aesthetic reasons. It is to be noted that even in the event of unauthorised access to the hinge 10 by removal of the cover 100, although it would be possible to loosen or remove the bolts 82, the arrangement would remain secure by virtue of the posts 62 and the yoke 16, there being no access to the screws 40, 78.

Concluding remarks Many variations and modifications can be made to the apparatus described above, without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, many different shapes, sizes, relative shapes and sizes of the various components can be used. The features relating to assembling the hinge, securing the hinge and adjusting the hinge can be used alone or in various combinations.

Whilst endeavouring in the foregoing specification to draw attention to those features of the invention believed to be of particular importance it should be understood that the Applicant claims protection in respect of any patentable feature or combination of features hereinbefore referred to and/or shown in the drawings whether or not particular emphasis has been placed thereon.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A hinge comprising: a flag leaf; a yoke; co-operating features in the form of pins and sockets carried by the leaf and yoke and which define an axis for the hinge; and wherein the yoke is telescopic to change between an assembly condition and a use condition in which each socket cooperates with a respective pin to provide a hinge action.
2. A hinge according to claim 1, wherein the leaf carries projecting pins, the yoke having sockets for receiving the pins, the telescopic action of the yoke changing the separation of the sockets.
3. A hinge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the assembly separation of the pins or sockets is wider than the use separation.
4. A hinge according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the assembly separation of the sockets is wider than the use separation.
5. A hinge according to any preceding claim, comprising a lock arrangement for locking the yoke in the use condition. ** ,.
6. A hinge according to any preceding claim, wherein the yoke comprises a 30 hollow member carrying a first knuckle in which a first co-operating feature is * ** * * SS *

*..SS* provided, and an inner member received telescopically in the hollow member and carrying a second knuckle in which a second co-operating feature is provided.
7. A hinge according to claim 6, wherein the co-operating features of the knuckles are sockets.
8. A hinge according to claim 6 or 7, comprising a locking screw mounted on the hollow member to bear on the inner member to lock the position of the inner member relative to the hollow member.
9. A hinge comprising: first and second leaves which cooperate to provide a hinge action; a mounting arrangement for mounting one of the leaves on a surface; the mounting arrangement comprising a penetrating member extending from the mounted leaf and through the surface, and a clamp arrangement attached to the penetrating member behind the surface, to prevent the penetrating member returning through the surface.
10. A hinge according to claim 9, wherein the penetrating member is elongate.
11. A hinge according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the clamp arrangement comprises first and second clamp members which grip the penetrating member.
12. A hinge according to any of claims 9 to 11, comprising a first clamp member which is mounted relative to the surface, and a second clamp member * ** which is mountable on the first clamp member for receipt of the penetrating 30 member between them. * S. * S S S.. *SS
13. A hinge according to claim 11 or 12, comprising a threaded member engaging the clamp members to tighten the clamp members around the penetrating member.
14. A hinge according to any of claims 11 to 13, wherein the clamp members and the penetrating member have co-operating surface formations to provide increased grip of the penetrating member.
15. A hinge according to claim 14, wherein the clamp member and/or the penetrating member is roughened and/or threaded.
16. A hinge according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the surface is a surface of an extruded frame member having a channel recess behind the surface, at least one of the clamp members being mounted in the channel recess.
17. A hinge according to any of claims ito 8 and any of claims 9 to 16.
18. A hinge comprising: first and second leaves which cooperate to provide a hinge action; a mounting arrangement for mounting one of the leaves on a surface; the mounting arrangement comprising a plurality of interleaved plates carried alternately by the said leaf and the surface, and a clamping arrangement operable to clamp the plates together to resist relative movement.**** .1 * *
19. A hinge according to claim 18, comprising at least one inner plate between * .. two outer plates, the clamping arrangement serving to press the outer plates together, to trap the inner plate. * **

* e) * *** S * S*. *
20. A hinge according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the clamping arrangement comprises a threaded member extending through the plates to be tightened to clamp the plates together.
21. A hinge according to any of claims 18 to 20, comprising a projection carried by one plate and located in an aperture or recess in a neighbouring plate to limit relative movement by abutting the extremities of the aperture or recess.
22. A hinge according to any of claims 18 to 21, comprising at least one plate 1 0 having a pair of parallel straight surfaces which abut respective parallel surfaces on a neighbouring plate to limit relative movement of the plates to linear movement without twisting.
23. A hinge according to claim 22, wherein the said one plate has a second 1 5 pair of parallel straight surfaces which abut respective parallel surfaces on another neighbouring plate to limit relative movement of the said one plate and the other neighbouring plate to linear movement in another direction, without twisting.
24. A hinge according to claim 23, wherein the two linear directions are perpendicular.
25. A hinge according to any of claims 1 to 17 and any of claims 18 to 24.
26. A hinge substantially as described above, with reference to the accompanying drawings. * * * *
27. Any novel subject matter or combination including novel subject matter * * disclosed herein, whether or not within the scope of or relating to the same 30 invention as any of the preceding claims. * *a * S* *5 S' a