GB2463640A - Gas turbine hybrid vehicle - Google Patents

Gas turbine hybrid vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2463640A
GB2463640A GB0816569A GB0816569A GB2463640A GB 2463640 A GB2463640 A GB 2463640A GB 0816569 A GB0816569 A GB 0816569A GB 0816569 A GB0816569 A GB 0816569A GB 2463640 A GB2463640 A GB 2463640A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
gas turbine
driven
motor
hybrid
operating mode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0816569A
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GB0816569D0 (en
GB2463640B (en
Inventor
James William Griffith Turner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lotus Cars Ltd
Original Assignee
Lotus Cars Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Lotus Cars Ltd filed Critical Lotus Cars Ltd
Priority to GB0816569A priority Critical patent/GB2463640B/en
Publication of GB0816569D0 publication Critical patent/GB0816569D0/en
Publication of GB2463640A publication Critical patent/GB2463640A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2463640B publication Critical patent/GB2463640B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K3/00—Arrangement or mounting of steam or gaseous-pressure propulsion units
    • B60K3/04—Arrangement or mounting of steam or gaseous-pressure propulsion units of turbine type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0015—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being hydraulic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B62M23/02—Transmissions characterised by use of other elements; Other transmissions characterised by the use of two or more dissimilar sources of power, e.g. transmissions for hybrid motorcycles
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

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Abstract

A hybrid vehicle comprises a gas turbine 11; an electrical generator 12 driven by the gas turbine; a transmission 13, 18, 22 which can relay rotation of the gas turbine output shaft to at least one driven wheel 19, 20; and at least one electric traction motor 14, 15 or hydraulic motor, capable of driving a or the driven wheel. In a first mode the vehicle is driven solely by the electric traction motors 14, 15 and the gas turbine 11 drives the electrical generator 12. In a second mode the vehicle is driven both by the electric traction motors 14, 15 and by the gas turbine 11 driving the driven wheels 19, 20 through the transmission 13, 18, 22. The electrical generator 12 either functions solely as a generator or both as a generator and a starter motor for the turbine. The electrical generator 12 never functions as a traction motor for driving the driven wheels 19, 20. The electric traction motors 14, 15 are separate and independent from the electrical generator 12. The invention makes use of efficient running of a gas turbine 11. The vehicle may be a tricycle or motorcycle.

Description

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GAS TURBINE HYBRID VEHICLE
The present invention relates to a hybrid vehicle, that is a vehicle which can be driven by a gas turbine, by electric motors (or hydraulic motors) and by a combination of a gas turbine and electric motors (or hydraulic motors) It is known that gas turbines can be made to be very efficient down to about 30% of full load -better than cyclic combustion engines. Below this, the rate of efficiency fall-off is far higher than that of conventional engines. It is also known to provide hybrid transmissions with a gas turbine that powers an electrical generator and is disconnected from the wheels. However, pure electric drive at high load incurs significant losses.
The present invention in a first aspect provides a hybrid vehicle according to claim 1.
The present invention in a second aspect provides a hybrid vehicle according to claim 3.
The present invention in a third aspect provides a hybrid vehicle according to claim 22.
The present invention in a fourth aspect provides a hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 24.
The present invention in a fifth aspect provides a hybrid motorcycle as claimed in claim 26.
The present invention in a sixth aspect provides a hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in claim 31.
The present invention in a seventh aspect provides a hybrid motorcycle as claimed in claim 37.
The present invention in an eight aspect provides a hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in claim 41.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a schematic layout drawing of a first embodiment of a hybrid drive system according to the present invention for a rear wheel drive hybrid vehicle operating in a first operating mode; Figure 2 is a schematic layout drawing of the Figure 1 hybrid drive system operating in a second operating mode; Figure 3 is a schematic layout drawing of a second embodiment of a hybrid drive system according to the present invention for a rear wheel drive hybrid vehicle; and Figure 4 is a schematic layout drawing of a third embodiment of a hybrid drive system according to the present invention, for a transverse/front wheel drive hybrid vehicle.
In Figure 1 there can be seen a schematic drawing of the layout of a hybrid drive system for a hybrid vehicle.
The drive system 10 comprises a gas turbine system 11, a generator 12 (which also functions as an electric starter), a reduction gear set 13, a differential 18 and hub motors 14 and 15 associated respectively with wheels 19 and 20. The differential 18 acts between the driven wheels 19 and 20.
In Figure 1 the hybrid drive system is working in series operation. The gas turbine system 11 is used to drive an electrical generator 12 which then generates electrical power supplied to a battery (not shown) and also to the electric hub motors 14 and 15. The driven wheels 19 and 20 are driven electrically by the electric hub motors 14 and 15. The gas turbine system 11 is disconnected from the wheels 19 and 20 by the gear set 13. This is shown by a gear 16 mounted on a shaft 21 mechanically connected to an output shaft of the gas turbine system 11 and rotating with rotation of the output shaft. In Figure 1 the gear 16 is shown out of mesh with a gear 17 mounted on a drive shaft 22 connected to the differential 18.
Figure 2 shows the hybrid drive system of Figure 1 in a second mode of operation, a parallel mode of operation. In this mode of operation the gas turbine system 11 is mechanically connected via the gear set 13 and differential 18 to the driven wheels 19 and 20 to drive the wheels 19 and 20, so that the rotation of the output shaft of the gas turbine is relayed via the gear set 13 and the differential 18 to the driven wheels 19 and 20. The gas turbine system 11 drives the wheels 19 and 20 in parallel with the electric hub motors 14 and 15. The gas turbine system 11 may in this mode also drive the generator 12 to produce electric power f or the hub motors 14 and 15 or in this mode the hub motors 14 and 15 may draw power only from the battery (not shown) with operation of the generator 12 suspended so that the generator 12 does not draw power from the gas turbine system 11. In the Figure 2 it can be seen that the gear 12 mounted on shaft 21 is in mesh with the gear 17 mounted on gear 22.
The hybrid drive system illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 uses hub motors as traction motors driving the driven wheels, but instead could use a traction motor which drives the driven wheels via the differential. The hub motors 14 and 15 will be used for full regenerative braking; i.e. the hub motors 14 and 15 will be used to brake the driven wheels 19 and 20 and in the process generate electric power to be relayed to the battery (not shown). The battery could be supplemented as a storage device by a capacitor or a flywheel -in fact the type of accumulator is not important to the invention.
The hub motors 14 and 15 will be designed to make them capable of full regenerative braking i.e. there is no need for additional brakes. This does lead to a trade off in the motors' abilities to drive the driven wheels 19 and 20 at high speed. This is overcome by the high speed parallel mode of Figure 2 in which the gas turbine system 11 will supply most of the tractive effort. In the Figure 2 parallel mode of operation the hub motors 14 and 15 (or traction motor common to both wheels 14, 15) will merely be used to boost the performance of the gas turbine system 11 (or to increase loading on the gas turbine system 11 to improve the efficiency of operation of the gas turbine system 11 by acting to generate electricity to recharge the battery (not shown)); in other words, in the parallel mode the motors 14 and 15 can be used as generators in addition to generator 12 to generate power relayed to a battery for storage.
At low speeds the hybrid drive system of Figures 1 and 2 uses the hub motors 14 and 15 as traction motors with the gas turbine system 11 used to provide electrical energy only (i.e. the Figure 1 operating condition) . In this condition there is no mechanical link between the gas turbine system 11 and the driven wheels 19 and 20. This means that the generator 12 can be designed to function very efficiently since it does not have to act as a traction motor at all (in the prior art systems an electric traction motor would also have doubled as generator). The only tractive power to be supplied by the generator 12 is power to act as a starter for the gas turbine system 11. Even this requirement could be dispensed with by the use of an additional starter so that the generator 12 functions only as a generator.
The switchover from the Figure 1 operation to the Figure 2 operation would happen by first starting the gas turbine system 11 (if it were not previously running) and then synchronising the speed of the engine crankshaft 21 with the differential shaft 22 so that the gears 16 and 17 can be engaged without the need for a clutch. This also means that only one gear set 13 is required, the gears 16 and 17 of which can be dogged into engagement (thereby saving the cost of synchromesh and reducing mass and complexity) . However, more gear sets could be used if desired.
Ideally, no foundation brakes would be used in the vehicle at all for the driven wheels 19 and 20 and instead all braking would be provided by the hub motors 14 and 15.
However, foundation brakes could be provided to provide a fail-safe arrangement or to act in parallel if so required by law.
The hybrid system described above allows better optimisation of the electrical components by use of two modes of operation.
Whilst above the system 10 is described as avoiding the need for a clutch by synchronisation of the shaft speeds of shafts 21 and 22 prior to engagement of gears 16 and 17, an alternative approach would be to use a clutch 31 in a system as shown in Figure 3. The components of the system 30 which correspond with the components of the system 10 of Figures 1 and 2 have been given reference numerals identical to those of Figures 1 and 2. Once more the driven wheels 19 and 20 are each provided with a hub motor 14 and 15 and an gas turbine system 11 can additionally drive the driven wheels 19 and 20 via a differential 18. Once more a generator 12 can be driven by the gas turbine system 11 to generate electrical power. In the Figure 3 embodiment the gears 16 and 17 are in constant mesh. The clutch 31 is provided to switch the hybrid system between series operation and parallel operation. When the clutch 31 disconnects gas turbine system 11 from the gear 16 then the gas turbine system 11 will operate in series operation in the same way as shown in Figure 1 and will operate to drive the generator 12 to generate electrical power (or alternatively will remain inactive) . When the gas turbine system 11 is connected via clutch 31 to the gear 16 then the gas turbine system 11 will provide traction power to the driven wheels 19 and 20 in addition to any tractive power supplied by the hub motors 14 and 15.
Instead of using meshed gears 16, 17 it would be possible to use an arrangement of sprockets and chain or pulleys and belts.
Instead of using a clutch as shown in Figure 3, it is possible to replace the meshed gears 16 and 17 with an epicyclic gear arrangement and then control by braking the rotation of the planet cage and/or the annulus to either allow transmission of motive power from the gas turbine system 11 via differential 18 to the driven wheels 19 and 20 or to allow the gas turbine system 11 to rotate independently of the rotation of the driven wheels 19 and 20.
The gears 16, 17 could be replaced by a multi-stage mechanical transmission, by epicyclic or automatic gearing or by a continuously variable transmission.
The arrangements of Figures 1 to 3 illustrate the driving of a pair of rear wheels of a vehicle, but the invention is equally applicable to the driving of front wheels of a vehicle. In Figure 4 there is a hybrid drive system layout 40 shown which is for a transverse engine and front wheel drive application. The components of the system which are components in common with the previous systems described have been given the same reference numerals. The Figure 4 system 40 is, in many ways, identical to the system of Figures 1 and 2, save that the orientation of the gas turbine system 11 is transversely across the vehicle rather than longitudinally along it and the shafts 21 and 22 extend transversely across the vehicle rather than longitudinally along the vehicle. The hybrid drive system will operate with a series operation and parallel operation in the same way as previously described for Figures 1 and 2.
Although the possibility is not illustrated in drawings attached, the present invention could also be applied to a 4-wheel drive vehicle. In a 4-wheel drive application there could be a hub motor associated with each of the 4 wheels of a vehicle, in order to maximise regenerative braking potential. The mechanical drive from the gas turbine could be transmitted to all 4 wheel of such a vehicle, or to only 2 wheels. It is also possible to arrange a 4-wheels drive application with a mechanical drive from the gas turbine to 2 wheels and the electrical drive via hub motors to the other 2 wheels.
The present invention could be applied to mid-engined and rear-engined vehicles as well as front-engined vehicles as described above.
For a gas turbine, the relationship between generated power and engine speed is not as linear as it is, for example, with an internal combustion engine. The provision of a series operation mode by the present invention allows the gas turbine to directly drive the driven wheels only when the gas turbine is above 30% of full load. A gas turbine is very efficient to about 30% of full load, better than cyclic combustion engines. However, below this, the rate of decrease in efficiency is far greater than in cyclic combustion engines. Thus, it would not be practical for a gas turbine to drive the driven wheels for the complete speed range.
The hub motors of all of the embodiments described above could additionally be used to provide traction control and stability control for the vehicle and also anti-lock braking. Rather than being mounted on the wheels themselves, as illustrated, the hub motors could be attached to the lay shafts extending between the differential and the driven wheels.
Whilst above the hub motors are described as electric motors and indeed this is preferred, it is possible that the hub motors could be hydraulic motors instead, with the electrical generator replaced by a pump generating a supply of pressurised hydraulic fluid. The electrical accumulator (e.g. battery) would be replaced by a hydraulic accumulator; a flywheel could be used as well to store energy.
The present invention could also be applied to motorcycles and tricycles. In a motorcycle, a hub motor would be provided for the rear wheel and the heat engine selectively coupled to the rear wheel to drive the rear wheel alone or in co-operation with the hub motor or selectively decoupled from the rear wheel so that the rear wheel is driven by the hub motor alone. Alternatively, the hub motor could be used to drive the front wheel and the heat engine used selectively to drive the rear wheel.
In the case of a motorised tricycle, the pair of rear wheels could be each provided with a hub motor and the heat engine selectively used to drive the rear wheels via a differential provided for the rear wheels. However, in some cases a tricycle will have only one wheel driven by the heat -10 -engine. Then in an arrangement according to the present invention the heat engine will be selectively coupled to only one rear wheel and either: a hub motor provided for each rear wheel; a hub motor provided for all three wheels; or a hub motor provided for only the rear wheel which would be driven by the heat engine.
Although the electric motors in the embodiments disclosed above have been hub motors, it will be appreciated by the skilled person that other types of electric motor can be used, e.g., an electric traction motor common to all the driven wheels of a sub-set of the driven wheels.
Heat from the exhaust of the gas turbine of each embodiment could be utilised to generate steam to power a steam turbine to provide additional electrical power.
Alternatively, or additionally, the heat from the exhaust could be used to power a fuel cell, again to generate additional electrical power.

Claims (36)

  1. -11 -CLAIMS: 1. A hybrid vehicle comprising: a gas turbine having an output shaft; an electrical generator driven by the gas turbine; a transmission which can relay rotation of the gas turbine output shaft to at least one driven wheel; and at least one electric motor, capable of driving a or the driven wheel; wherein the hybrid vehicle has: a first operating mode in which the vehicle is driven solely by the electric motor(s) and the gas turbine is either inactive or drives the electrical generator; and a second operating mode in which the vehicle is driven both by the electric motor(s) and by the gas turbine driving the driven wheel(s) through the transmission.
  2. 2. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the transmission comprises a differential; and the electrical motor(s) associated with the driven wheel(s) is/are located wheel-side of the differential.
  3. 3. A hybrid engine comprising: a gas turbine having an output shaft; an electrical generator driven by the gas turbine system; at least two pairs of driven wheels; a transmission which can relay rotation of the gas turbine output shaft to a first pair of the driven wheels; and at least one electrical motor capable of driving a second pair of the driven wheels; wherein: -12 -the hybrid vehicle has: a first operating mode in which the vehicle is driven solely by the electrical motor(s) associated with the second pair of driven wheels and the gas turbine is either inactive or drives the electrical generator; and a second operating mode in which the vehicle is driven both by the electrical motors associated with the second pair of driven wheels and by the gas turbine system driving the first pair of driven wheels through the transmission.
  4. 4. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the amount of mechanical work provided to the driven wheels by the gas turbine is modulated by controlling the amount of work extracted from the gas turbine by the electrical generator.
  5. 5. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim which is switched between the first and second operating modes by controlling work extracted from the gas turbine by the electrical generator.
  6. 6. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the transmission is a multi-step mechanical transmission.
  7. 7. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim which has a third operating mode in which the vehicle is driven solely by the gas turbine driving the first pair of driven wheels.
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  8. 8. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim wherein in the second operating mode the gas turbine drives both the driven wheels and the electrical generator.
  9. 9. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the transmission comprises a pair of gears which are engaged with each other at least in the second operating mode.
  10. 10. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 9 wherein the pair of gears are disengaged in the first operating mode and are brought into meshing engagement to switch from the first to the second operating mode.
  11. 11. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 10, wherein operation of the gas turbine is controlled to synchronise rotational speed of the pair of gears prior to meshing engagement on switchover from the first to the second operating mode.
  12. 12. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 11 wherein the pair of gears are dogged into meshing engagement on switchover from the first operating mode to the second operating mode.
  13. 13. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 11 or claim 12 which operates without a clutch in the transmission.
  14. 14. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the transmission comprises a clutch and in the first operating mode the clutch disconnects the gas turbine from -14 -the driven wheels and in the second operating mode the clutch connects the gas turbine with the driven wheels.
  15. 15. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the electric motor(s) is/are used to brake the driven wheels and generate electrical power during braking.
  16. 16. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 15 wherein the electric motor(s) is/are the sole providers of braking for the driven wheels.
  17. 17. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the electric generator also functions as a starter motor for the gas turbine.
  18. 18. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein in the second operating mode the electrical motor(s) use(s) electrical power produced by the electrical generator driven by the gas turbine.
  19. 19. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the electrical motor(s) is/are controlled by an electric controller and provide traction control to the vehicle.
  20. 20. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the electrical motor(s) is/are controlled by an/the electrical controller and provide stability control to the vehicle.-15 -
  21. 21. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the electrical motor(s) is/are controlled by an/the electrical controller and provide anti-lock braking to the vehicle.
    S
  22. 22. A hybrid vehicle comprising: a gas turbine having an output shaft; a hydraulic fluid pump driven by the gas turbine; a transmission which can relay rotation of the gas turbine output shaft to at least one driven wheel; at least one hydraulic motor capable of driving a or the driven wheel wherein: the hybrid vehicle has: a first operating mode in which the vehicle is driven solely by the hydraulic motor(s) and the gas turbine drives the hydraulic fluid pump; and a second operating mode in which the vehicle is driven both by the hydraulic motor(s) and by the gas turbine driving the driven wheel(s) through the transmission.
  23. 23. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 22, wherein: the transmission which connects the gas turbine to the first pair of the driven wheels via a differential; the/each hydraulic motor is/are located wheel-side of the differential.
  24. 24. A hybrid vehicle comprising: a gas turbine having an output shaft; a hydraulic fluid pump driven by the gas turbine; at least two pairs of driven wheels; -16 -a transmission which can relay rotation of the gas turbine output shaft to a first pair of the driven wheels; at least one hydraulic motor, capable of driving a second pair of the driven wheels; wherein: the hybrid vehicle has: a first operating mode in which the vehicle is driven solely by the hydraulic motor(s) associated with the second pair of driven wheels and the gas turbine drives the hydraulic fluid pump; and a second operating mode in which the vehicle is driven both by the hydraulic motor(s) associated with the second pair of driven wheels and by the gas turbine driving the first pair of driven wheels through the transmission.
  25. 25. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 22 to 23 wherein in the second operating mode the gas turbine drives both the driven wheels and the pump.
  26. 26. A hybrid motorcycle comprising: a gas turbine having an output shaft; an electrical generator driven by the gas turbine; a transmission which can relay rotation of the gas turbine output shaft to a rear wheel of the motorcycle; at least one electric motor associated with at least one wheel of the motorcycle; wherein: the hybrid motorcycle has: a first operating mode in which the motorcycle is driven solely by the electric motor(s) associated with the wheel(s) of the motorcycle and the gas turbine is decoupled from the rear wheel by the transmission; and a second operating mode in which the motorcycle is driven both by the electrical motor(s) associated with the -17 -wheel(s) of the motorcycle and by the gas turbine driving the rear wheel through the transmission.
  27. 27. A hybrid motorcycle as claimed in claim 26 wherein the S electrical motor(s) is/are (a) hub motor(s) associated with the wheel(s).
  28. 28. A hybrid motorcycle as claimed in claim 27 wherein the hub motor(s) is/are associated only with the rear wheel.
  29. 29. A hybrid motorcycle as claimed in claim 27 wherein the hub motor(s) is/are associated only with a front wheel of the motorcycle.
  30. 30. A hybrid motorcycle as claimed in any one of claims 26 to 29 which has a third operating mode in which the motorcycle is driven solely by the gas turbine system.
  31. 31. A hybrid motorised tricycle comprising: a gas turbine having an output shaft; an electrical generator driven by the gas turbine; a transmission which can relay rotation of the gas turbine output shaft to at least one of a pair of wheels of the tricycle; and at least one electric motor associated with at least one wheel of the tricycle; wherein: the tricycle has: a first operating mode in which the tricycle is driven solely by the electric motor(s) associated with the wheel(s) of the tricycle and the gas turbine is decoupled from the rear wheel(s) by the transmission; -18 -a second operating mode in which the tricycle is driven both by the electrical motor(s) associated with the wheel(s) of the motorcycle and by the gas turbine system driving the first rear wheel through the transmission.
  32. 32. A hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in claim 31 wherein the/each electrical motor(s) is/are (a) hub motor(s) associated with the wheel (s)
  33. 33. A hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in claim 32 wherein the hub motor(s) is/are associated only with a single wheel.
  34. 34. A hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in claim 32 wherein the hub motor(s) is/are associated only with a single wheel which is not one of the pair of wheels of the motorised tricycle.
  35. 35. A hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in claim 32 wherein the hub motors are associated with each wheel of the motorised tricycle.
  36. 36. A hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in any one of claims 31 to 35 which has a third operating mode in which the motorised tricycle is driven solely by the gas turbine system.39. A hybrid motorcycle comprising: a gas turbine having an output shaft a hydraulic pump driven by the gas turbine system; a transmission which can relay rotation from the gas turbine output shaft to a rear wheel of the motorcycle; and -19 -at least one hydraulic motor associated with at least one wheel of the motorcycle; wherein: the hybrid motorcycle has: a first operating mode in which the motorcycle is driven solely by the hydraulic motor(s) associated with the wheel(s) of the motorcycle and the gas turbine is decoupled from the rear wheel by the transmission, and a second operating mode in which the motorcycle is driven both by the hydraulic motor(s) associated with the wheel(s) of the motorcycle and by the gas turbine driving the rear wheel through the transmission.38. A hybrid motorcycle as claimed in claim 37 wherein the/each hydraulic motor is a hub motor.39. A hybrid motorcycle as claimed in claim 38 wherein the hub motor is associated only with the rear wheel.40. A hybrid motorcycle as claimed in any one of claims 37 to 39 which has a third operating mode in which the motorcycle is driven solely by the gas turbine system.41. A hybrid motorised tricycle comprising: a gas turbine having an output shaft; a hydraulic pump driven by the gas turbine; a transmission which can relay rotation from the gas turbine output shaft to a pair of rear wheels of the tricycle; and at least one hydraulic motor associated with at least one wheel of the tricycle; wherein: the tricycle has: -20 -a first operating mode in which the tricycle is driven solely by the hydraulic motor(s) associated with the wheel(s) of the tricycle and the gas turbine is decoupled from the first rear wheel by the transmission; a second operating mode in which the tricycle is driven by both the hydraulic motor(s) associated with the wheel(s) of the motorcycle and by the gas turbine system driving the rear wheels through the transmission.42. A hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in claim 41 wherein the/each hydraulic motor is a hub motor.43. A hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in claim 45 wherein the hub motors are associated with each wheel of the pair of wheels of the motorised tricycle.44. A hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in any one of claimed 41 to 43 which has a third operating mode in which the motorised tricycle is driven solely by the gas turbine.45. A hybrid vehicle substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows -21 -CLAIMS: 1. A hybrid vehicle comprising: a gas turbine having an output shaft; an electrical generator driven by the gas turbine; a transmission which can relay rotation of the gas turbine output shaft to at least one driven wheel; and at least one electric traction motor, capable of driving a or the driven wheel; wherein the hybrid vehicle has: a first operating mode in which the vehicle is driven solely by the electric traction motor(s) and the gas turbine drives the electrical generator; and a second operating mode in which the vehicle is driven both by the electric traction motor(s) and by the gas turbine driving the driven wheel(s) through the transmission; and * *** : the electrical generator either functions solely as a *4.."s.. generator or both as a generator and a starter motor for the gas turbine, the electrical generator never functioning as a traction motor for driving the driven wheel(s) and the electric traction motor(s) being separate and independent * *6S from the electrical generator. 5I*qIS2. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 1 which has a third operating mode in which the vehicle is driven solely by the electric traction motor(s) and the gas turbine is inactive.3. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein: the transmission comprises a differential; and -22 -the electric traction motor(s) associated with the driven wheel(s) is/are located wheel-side of the differential.4. A hybrid engine comprising: a gas turbine having an output shaft; an electrical generator driven by the gas turbine; at least two pairs of driven wheels; a transmission which can relay rotation of the gas turbine output shaft to a first pair of the driven wheels; and at least one electrical traction motor capable of driving a second pair of the driven wheels; wherein: the hybrid vehicle has: a first operating mode in which the vehicle is driven solely by the electric traction motor(s) associated with the second pair of driven wheels and the gas turbine is either * inactive or drives the electrical generator; andIa second operating mode in which the vehicle is driven both by the electric traction motors associated with the * I* second pair of driven wheels and by the gas turbine system driving the first pair of driven wheels through the r * * transmission; andIIIthe electrical generator either functions solely as a generator or both as a generator and a starter motor for the gas turbine, the electrical generator never functioning as a traction motor for driving the driven wheel(s) and the electric traction motor(s) being separate and independent from the electrical generator.5. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 4 which has a third operating condition in which the vehicle is driven -23 -solely by the electric traction motor(s) and the gas turbine is inactive.6. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the amount of mechanical work provided to the driven wheels by the gas turbine is modulated by controlling the amount of work extracted from the gas turbine by the electrical generator.7. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim which is switched between the first and second operating modes by controlling work extracted from the gas turbine by the electrical generator.8. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the transmission is a multi-step mechanical ::..: transmission. *...9. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim which has a fourth operating mode in which the vehicle is driven solely by the gas turbine driving the first pair of * *** driven wheels.I***..I * I 10. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim wherein in the second operating mode the gas turbine drives both the driven wheels and the electrical generator.11. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the transmission comprises a pair of gears which are engaged with each other at least in the second operating mode.-24 - 12. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 11 wherein the pair of gears are disengaged in the first operating mode and are brought into meshing engagement to switch from the first to the second operating mode.13. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 12, wherein operation of the gas turbine is controlled to synchronise rotational speed of the pair of gears prior to meshing engagement on switchover from the first to the second operating mode.14. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 13 wherein the pair of gears are dogged into meshing engagement on switchover from the first operating mode to the second operating mode. * * *15. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 13 or claim 14 which operates without a clutch in the transmission. S.., * S *S16. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to wherein the transmission comprises a clutch and in the S...first operating mode the clutch disconnects the gas turbine :": from the driven wheels and in the second operating mode the clutch connects the gas turbine with the driven wheels.17. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the electric traction motor(s) is/are used to brake the driven wheels and generate electrical power during braking.-25 - 18. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in claim 17 wherein the electric traction motor(s) is/are the sole providers of braking for the driven wheels.19. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein in the second operating mode the electrical traction motor(s) use(s) electrical power produced by the electrical generator driven by the gas turbine.20. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the electric traction motor(s) is/are controlled by an electric controller and provide traction control to the vehicle.21. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding ::..: claims wherein the electric traction motor(s) is/are controlled by an/the electrical controller and provide : stability control to the vehicle.22. A hybrid vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the electric traction motor(s) is/are :": controlled by an/the electrical controller and provide anti-lock braking to the vehicle.23. A hybrid motorcycle comprising: a gas turbine having an output shaft; an electrical generator driven by the gas turbine; a transmission which can relay rotation of the gas turbine output shaft to a rear wheel of the motorcycle; -26 -at least one electric traction motor associated with at least one driven wheel of the motorcycle; wherein: the hybrid motorcycle has: a first operating mode in which the motorcycle is S driven solely by the electric traction motor(s) associated with the driven wheel(s) of the motorcycle and the gas turbine is decoupled from the rear wheel by the transmission; and a second operating mode in which the motorcycle is driven both by the electric traction motor(s) associated with the driven wheel(s) of the motorcycle and by the gas turbine driving the rear wheel through the transmission; and the electrical generator either functions solely as a generator or both as a generator and a starter motor for the gas turbine, the electrical generator never functioning as a electric traction motor for driving the driven wheel(s) and the traction motor(s)_being separate and independent from the electrical generator. * * * S. *24. A hybrid motorcycle as claimed in claim 23 wherein the electric traction motor(s) is/are (a) hub motor(s) S...associated with the wheel (s) *..S.* * . 25. A hybrid motorcycle as claimed in claim 24 wherein the hub motor(s) is/are associated only with the rear wheel.26. A hybrid motorcycle as claimed in claim 24 wherein the hub motor(s) is/are associated only with a front wheel of the motorcycle.-27 - 27. A hybrid motorcycle as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 26 which has a third operating mode in which the motorcycle is driven solely by the gas turbine system.28. A hybrid motorised tricycle comprising: a gas turbine having an output shaft; an electrical generator driven by the gas turbine; a transmission which can relay rotation of the gas turbine output shaft to at least one of a pair of driven wheels of the tricycle; and at least one electric traction motor associated with at least one driven wheel of the tricycle; wherein: the tricycle has: a first operating mode in which the tricycle is driven solely by the electric traction motor(s) associated with the . driven wheel(s) of the tricycle and the gas turbine is ::.: decoupled from the pair of driven wheels by the 0S** transmission; *: a second operating mode in which the tricycle is driven both by the electric traction motor(s) associated with the driven wheel(s) of the motorcycle and by the gas turbine system driving the first pair of driven wheels through the * transmission; and the electrical generator either functions solely as a generator or both as a generator and a starter motor for the gas turbine, the electrical generator never functioning as a traction motor for driving the driven wheel(s) and the electric traction motor(s)_being separate and independent from the electrical generator.-28 - 29. A hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in claim 28 wherein the/each electric traction motor(s) is/are (a) hub motor(s) associated with the wheel(s).30. A hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in claim 29 wherein the hub motor(s) is/are associated only with a single wheel.31. A hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in claim 29 wherein the hub motor(s) is/are associated only with a single wheel which is not one of the pair of wheels of the motorised tricycle.32. A hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in claim 29 wherein the hub motors are associated with each wheel of the motorised tricycle. * S .0,33. A hybrid motorised tricycle as claimed in any one of : claims 28 to 32 which has a third operating mode in which the motorised tricycle is driven solely by the gas turbine system. *54* * SS*.. *** * , 34. A hybrid vehicle substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
GB0816569A 2008-09-10 2008-09-10 Gas turbine hybrid vehicle Expired - Fee Related GB2463640B (en)

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GB2463640A true GB2463640A (en) 2010-03-24
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3525874A (en) * 1968-04-22 1970-08-25 William W Toy Turbine and electric powered vehicle
EP0414535A1 (en) * 1989-08-25 1991-02-27 Noel Penny Turbines Limited Gas turbine engine drive system
US5988307A (en) * 1995-05-19 1999-11-23 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Power transmission apparatus, four-wheel drive vehicle with power transmission apparatus incorporated therein, method of transmitting power, and method of four-wheel driving
US20050082992A1 (en) * 2003-10-15 2005-04-21 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Drive train for hybrid electric vehicle
GB2449051A (en) * 2007-04-05 2008-11-12 Lotus Car Hybrid vehicle

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3525874A (en) * 1968-04-22 1970-08-25 William W Toy Turbine and electric powered vehicle
EP0414535A1 (en) * 1989-08-25 1991-02-27 Noel Penny Turbines Limited Gas turbine engine drive system
US5988307A (en) * 1995-05-19 1999-11-23 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Power transmission apparatus, four-wheel drive vehicle with power transmission apparatus incorporated therein, method of transmitting power, and method of four-wheel driving
US20050082992A1 (en) * 2003-10-15 2005-04-21 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Drive train for hybrid electric vehicle
GB2449051A (en) * 2007-04-05 2008-11-12 Lotus Car Hybrid vehicle

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