GB2460928A - A high pressure vessel for electrolysis - Google Patents

A high pressure vessel for electrolysis Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2460928A
GB2460928A GB0909663A GB0909663A GB2460928A GB 2460928 A GB2460928 A GB 2460928A GB 0909663 A GB0909663 A GB 0909663A GB 0909663 A GB0909663 A GB 0909663A GB 2460928 A GB2460928 A GB 2460928A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
pressure vessel
pressure
metal
vessel according
cylinder
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0909663A
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GB0909663D0 (en
GB2460928B (en
Inventor
Donald James Highgate
Frederic Andre Marchal
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ITM Power Ltd
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ITM Power Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of GB0909663D0 publication Critical patent/GB0909663D0/en
Publication of GB2460928A publication Critical patent/GB2460928A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2460928B publication Critical patent/GB2460928B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • H01M2/00—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0656—Metals in form of filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/228—Assembling processes by screws, bolts or rivets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/015—Facilitating maintenance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

A pressure vessel comprising a non-metal cylinder which is sealed at each end with an end-plate is described. The cylinder is reinforced with a metal wrapping and can withstand an internal pressure of at least 50 bar. The pressure vessel also comprises a port. The vessel can be used in high pressure electrolysis or for fuel cell applications. Further storage chambers for fuel or oxidants can also be provided in the vessel.

Description

PRESSURE VESSEL
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a pressure vessel, which is suitable for housing a fuel cell or an electrolyser.
Summary of the Invention
Many devices, such as fuel cells or electrolysers, need to operate at high pressures. Conventionally, this is achieved by manufacturing the device from materials that are strong enough to withstand high pressure differentials. This results in high engineering and material costs as the devices often have a complex structure. An alternative is to put the device inside a pressure vessel.
The pressure inside the vessel can then be set accordingly. This transfers the need for materials able to withstand high pressure differentials, from the apparatus itself (which tends to be complicated), to the vessel (which is usually a much simpler construction). This can significantly reduce costs.
Pressure vessels for use at pressures of up to 200 bar, are conventionally made as a cylinder with domed ends, using steel with welded construction, or an orientated fibre-reinforced composite. A problem arises if a device has to be inserted into the cylinder through an aperture, which is usually large compared to the diameter of the pressure vessel. This problem is normally overcome by the cylinder being terminated with a substantial flange to attach to a flat removable end-plate, which is then secured with bolts through the flange.
However, this creates a further problem if the apparatus contained within the pressure vessel needs to be serviced (e.g. with electrical cables) through the pressure vessel. Conventionally, the connections are passed through holes in the flat end plate. However, this significantly reduces its strength, and leads to considerable cost.
Summary of invention
The present invention solves the problem of providing a pressure vessel of reduced cost, which contains ports for services, while still being able to withstand high pressures. The present invention is therefore a pressure vessel comprising a non-metal cylinder, sealed at each end with an end-plate, wherein the cylinder is reinforced with a metal wrapping, and wherein the pressure vessel comprises a port, and can withstand an internal pressure of a least 50 bar.
Description of the drawings
Figure 1 shows a plan view, a cross-section view and a 3-D illustration of a pressure vessel containing an electrolyser with porting through an end-plate.
Figure 2 shows a plan view, a cross-section view and a 3-D illustration of a pressure vessel containing an electrolyser with porting through a central I service ring.
Description of Preferred Embodiments
A pressure vessel of the invention comprises a non-metal cylinder.
Preferably, the non-metal cylinder is made of a plastics material. More preferably, the cylinder is a low-cost polyethylene pipe. The cylinder must be sealed by two end-plates. The end plates can be flat, made of metal, and comprise a port for the delivery of services. Alternatively, the end plate may be curved (domed) and made of a low-cost non-metal.
A pressure vessel of the invention is able to withstand an internal pressure of at least 50 bar. Preferably, it can withstand a pressure of at least 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 or 130 bar.
The pressure vessel is sealed at each end with an end-plate. At least one of those end-plates should be removable, to allow apparatus to be placed inside the pressure vessel. Preferably, both ends are removable, In another embodiment, one end is removable, and the other end is permanently sealed.
The curved end plate may be formed of two layers. The inner layer (which faces the inside of the pressure vessel) may be made of a corrosion-resistant metal, such as stainless steel, while the outer layer could be a low cost non-metal or a low-cost metal, for example, mild steel. Preferably, the curved end plate does not contain any ports. Preferably the domed end plate is reinforced.
Preferably, the cylinder includes a central metal cylindrical portion comprising ports, i.e. a central service ring. This embodiment is shown in figure 2.
The low-cost, non-metal cylinder derives its strength from the metal wrapping around the external surface of the cylinder. The wrapping may be in the form of a wire rope or tape, which is wound around the outside of the cylinder. Preferably, the metal wrapping is in the form of a steel rope.
The pressure vessel of the invention may contain an electrochemical cell.
Preferably, the electrochemical cell is a fuel cell or an electrolyser.
The device may require the delivery of services and the removal of wastes. This can be achieved by porting the service cables through an end-plate (see figure 1) or a service ring located on the cylindrical section of the pressure vessel (see figure 2).
There are several advantages of a pressure vessel of the invention.
Firstly, the use of a reinforcing metal wrapping allows low cost tubular materials to be used for the cylindrical body of the vessel, while maintaining strength.
Further, the use of a central service ring enables two curved end plates to be used, which are effective at withstanding pressure differentials, as they do not to need to contain ports.
The service ring allows additional benefits in that one side of the vessel can be removed at a time.
Figure 1 illustrates a pressure vessel containing an electrolyser with porting through an end plate. The pressure vessel comprises a tubular (cylindrical) member (such as a low cost polymer tube or a waste-water polyethylene pipe, wrapped with structural winding of variable thickness, e.g. a steel wire rope pre-tensioned and clamped using "Gripple" wire clamps).
Two metal ends seal the tube. The metal ends vary in construction. They may either be flat plates, which receive the necessary service ports to interface with the electrolyser located inside the vessel, or curved end-plates, which are constructed using one or more layers. In the case of a multi-layer construction, it is possible to form the inner layer using a thin sheet of a more costly, but corrosion-resistant, material (stainless steel, for example), which provides corrosion protection against the fluid inside the vessel. The low-cost outer layer provides additional structural strength as required (using carbon steel, for example). The curvature can be achieved by any suitable means. Preferably, it is achieved by hydro-forming. Preferably, the curved end does not contain any service ports. The end-plates may be reinforced by additional external reinforcing elements.
The faces of the tubular member provide a sealing surface for attaching to the end-plates, the seal being achieved using a polymeric 0' ring or wedge seal. A series of tie rods help maintain the vessel together.
Figure 2 shows a Pressure vessel containing an electrolyser with porting through a central service ring. The pressure vessel is made up of a tubular member (low-cost polymer tube, such as a waste-water polyethylene pipe wrapped with structural winding (a steel wire rope, for example).
Each end is sealed by a low-cost curved end made up of one or more layers. In the case of a multi-layer construction, a thin inner-layer being made out of a more costly material (stainless steel, for example) provides corrosion S protection against the fluid inside the vessel, whilst the low-cost subsequent layers provide additional structural strength as required (using carbon steel, or a strong non-metal, for example).
A service ring splitting the tubular pressure member into two parts, is used to interface with the services for the electrolyser located inside the vessel.
The services are provided by through feed' arranged to pass radially through the service ring. This design is significantly stronger and better able to resist internal pressures that the same number of though feeds' passing though a conventional flat end plate. The service ring may be arranged anywhere along the axia' length of the pressure vessel using two barrel sections as described above.
The ring faces attach to the tubular member forming two sealing faces. A series of tie rods help maintain the vessel together.
The invention will now be illustrated using the following examples.
Example 1
A pressure vessel was constructed using the configuration shown in Figure 1, and was hydrostatically tested to a pressure in excess of 130 bar, without failure or leakage.
Example 2
A vessel was constructed using a low-cost polyethylene pipe, readily available from building merchants as a waste-water pipe. The faces of the pipe were machined square and flat (after rough angle grinder cutting) to provide a satisfactory 0 ring seat, or receive an 0 ring groove depending on the ends used. The pipe was then reinforced with a low cost 3 mm diameter steel wire rope winding.
With a 75 bar internal pressure and a 3 mm diameter steel wire rope, the hoop stress in the wire was calculated to approximately 691 N/mm2. This suggests a tension of 483 kG in the cable. The rope is rated at 85 kG (equivalent to a stress in the wire of 121 N/mm2), but uses a safety factor of 5 (425kG, eq.
to 607 N/mm2) and a ultimate breaking load of about 700kG (eq. 1000 N/mm2).
The vessel was held together by 12 M30 high tensile threaded tie rods.
A composite dome-shaped end was made out of a thin stainless steel corrosion protection layer, and subsequent mild steel structural layer(s). Wire rope was wound around the pressure vessel. The aim was to provide a cost- effective solution to seal the vessel ends whilst allowing disassembly. A hydro-formed solution was envisaged as it allowed the use of cost-effective laser-cut blanks. A further set of laser-cut and welded cross-bracing parts completed the dome end fabrication. A finite element analysis was carried out to predict the adequate dimensioning of the end-plate construction. Vessel pressure testing was then carried out to confirm the analysis findings and validate the assembly as a prototype.
The hydrostatic pressure test of the low cost pressure vessel to 110 bars was successfully completed. The pressure was withheld for 16 hrs during a first test. No loss of water was detected at the base of the vessel. The vessel was then cycled to 110 bars down to zero 8 times each time for variable durations of time (no less than half an hour). No leakage or structural damage was observed. Subsequent pressure tests of the domed ends confirmed that plastic deformation started to occur at pressures in excess of 160 bars.
The vessel was then subjected to a near uniform temperature of 40 °C and pressurised again for a total duration of approximately 20 hrs. The vessel showed no signs of structural failure or leakage.
The pressure was increased up to 135 bars at which point a leak occurred from one of the 0 ring.

Claims (16)

  1. CLAIMS1. A pressure vessel comprising a non-metal cylinder, sealed at each end with an end-plate, wherein the cylinder is reinforced with a metal wrapping, and wherein the pressure vessel comprises a port, and can withstand an internal pressure of at least 50 bar.
    S
  2. 2. A pressure vessel according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the end-plates is removable.
  3. 3. A pressure vessel according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the cylinder comprises a plastics material.
  4. 4. A pressure vessel according to any preceding claim, wherein the metal wrapping is a steel wire rope, which is wound around the outside surface of the cylinder.
  5. 5. A pressure vessel according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one end-plate is flat and comprises ports.
  6. 6. A pressure vessel according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one end-plate is curved.
  7. 7. A pressure vessel according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one end-plate comprises a non-metal.
  8. 8. A pressure vessel according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one end-plate comprises a metal.
  9. 9. A pressure according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the end-plates comprises a layer of a corrosion-resistant metal, wherein the corrosion-resistant metal faces the inside of the pressure vessel.
  10. 10. A pressure vessel according to any preceding claim, wherein the cylinder comprises two separate non-metal cylindrical portions joined together by a central metal cylindrical portion comprising ports.
  11. 11. A pressure vessel according to any preceding claim, which contains an electrolyser.
  12. 12. A pressure vessel according to any of claims 1 to 10, which contains a fuel cell.
  13. 13. A pressure vessel according to claim 11 or 12, additionally containing one or more storage chambers for fuel and/or oxidant.
  14. 14. A method of high pressure electrolysis comprising placing an electrolyser cell into a pressure vessel according to any of claims I to 10, sealing the vessel and increasing the pressure inside the vessel to at least 50 bar.
  15. 15. A method of generating energy comprising placing a fuel cell into a pressure vessel according to any of claims 1 to 10, sealing the vessel and increasing the pressure inside the vessel to at least 50 bar.
  16. 16. A method according to claim 14 or claim 15, additionally comprising connecting the cell to the port.
GB0909663A 2008-06-04 2009-06-04 Pressure vessel Expired - Fee Related GB2460928B (en)

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GB2460928A true GB2460928A (en) 2009-12-23
GB2460928B GB2460928B (en) 2011-04-13

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011128705A1 (en) * 2010-04-16 2011-10-20 Itm Power (Research) Limited Electrochemical cell stack
EP2546915A1 (en) * 2011-07-11 2013-01-16 Belenos Clean Power Holding AG Housing assembly for a fuel cell stack
DE102016208376A1 (en) * 2016-05-17 2017-11-23 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Pressure vessel for storing fuel in a motor vehicle
EP3882376A1 (en) * 2020-03-19 2021-09-22 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH High-pressure electrolyser assembly and vehicle with an electrolyser assembly
EP4141294A4 (en) * 2020-04-20 2023-10-11 JFE Steel Corporation High-pressure hydrogen vessel

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050077174A1 (en) * 2001-10-15 2005-04-14 Brand Rolf August Pressure electrolyser and method for operating one such electrolyser
US7036677B1 (en) * 1999-08-07 2006-05-02 Ralph Funck Pressurised tank and method for making same

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GB2460928B (en) 2011-04-13
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