GB2454891A - Hybrid vehicle with regenerative braking control - Google Patents

Hybrid vehicle with regenerative braking control Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2454891A
GB2454891A GB0722847A GB0722847A GB2454891A GB 2454891 A GB2454891 A GB 2454891A GB 0722847 A GB0722847 A GB 0722847A GB 0722847 A GB0722847 A GB 0722847A GB 2454891 A GB2454891 A GB 2454891A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
generator
motor
engine
regenerative braking
traction motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0722847A
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GB2454891B (en
GB0722847D0 (en
Inventor
Paul Michael Bostock
Andrew Julian Burrows
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Publication date
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Priority to GB0722847.1A priority Critical patent/GB2454891B/en
Publication of GB0722847D0 publication Critical patent/GB0722847D0/en
Publication of GB2454891A publication Critical patent/GB2454891A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2454891B publication Critical patent/GB2454891B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/12—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by dc motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • B60W10/184—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems with wheel brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18109—Braking
    • B60W30/18127—Regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/425—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • B60W2510/087—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2552/00—Input parameters relating to infrastructure
    • B60W2552/15—Road slope, i.e. the inclination of a road segment in the longitudinal direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

A motor vehicle 11 has an engine 12 driving a transmission 13 which in turn drives a front final drive unit 14 connected to a pair of front wheels 15 by front driveshafts 16. The front final drive unit 14 also drives a rear drive take-off unit 17 which is connected to a rear final drive unit 18 by a longitudinal propshaft 19. The rear final drive unit 18 is connected to a pair of rear wheels 21 by rear driveshafts 22. The rear final drive unit 18 houses a traction motor/generator 35 which can drive the rear wheels 21 through an epicyclic reduction gear 39 a crownwheel 27 and pinion 31. The pinion 31 is also driven by the propshaft 19 through a control coupling 33. An integrated starter generator (ISG) 29, is driven by the engine 12. Both the traction motor/generator 35 and the ISG 29 draw current from or supply current to a traction battery 61. The traction motor/generator 35 can provide regenerative braking, the temperature of the traction motor/generator being monitored and the ISG 29 arranged to provide regenerative braking instead when the traction motor/generator reaches a prescribed temperature limit. The control of supplemented regenerative braking avoids undue reliance on other retarding means.

Description

Hybrid Electric Motor Vehicles The invention relates to hybrid electric motor vehicles. Particularly it relates to problems which can arise when a hybrid electric motor vehicle is used in off-road situations.
One situation relates to where a traction motor/generator is used for regenerative braking and severe and sustained gradients are encountered. Because the motor/generator generates a significant current, there are resistance losses which create heat which needs to be dissipated by a liquid cooling circuit or by other means. Once a particular temperature limit is reached, the motor/generator can no longer be used for regenerative braking and the vehicle must then rely on its foundation brakes or other retarding means.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a hybrid electric motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine, an engine motor/generator arranged to be driven by the engine, a mechanical driveline to transmit power from the engine to at least one of a front pair of wheels and to a rear pair of wheels, a traction motor/generator arranged to drive one of said pairs of wheels and a traction battery arranged to receive current from and supply current to the motor/generators, the engine and the motor/generators being arranged to be controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU), wherein the traction motor/generator is arranged to provide regenerative braking, ECU being arranged to monitor the temperature of the traction motor/generator and the engine motor/generator being arranged to provide regenerative braking instead of the traction motor/generator to keep the traction motor/generator within a prescribe temperature limit.
Preferably, the ECU is arranged to monitor the temperature of the engine motor/generator and the traction motor/generator is arranged to provide regenerative braking instead of the engine motor/generator to keep the engine motor/generator within a prescribe temperature limit.
The ECU may be arranged to recognise different requirements for regenerative braking depending on vehicle parameters so that the traction motor/generator can be used predominantly for severe gradients while the engine motor/generator can be predominantly for less severe grades.
The invention also provides, according to another aspect thereof, a method of controlling a hybrid electric motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine, an engine motor/generator arranged to be driven by the engine, a mechanical driveline to transmit power from the engine to at least one of a front pair of wheels and to a rear pair of wheels, a traction motor/generator arranged to drive one of said pairs of wheels and a traction battery arranged to receive current from and supply current to the motor/generators, the engine and the motor/generators being arranged to be controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU), wherein the traction motor/generator provides regenerative braking, the temperature of the traction motor/generator is monitored and when the traction motor/generator reaches a prescribe temperature limit the engine motor/generator provides regenerative braking instead.
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-Fig.1 is a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle according to the invention; and Fig.2 is a schematic diagram of a final drive unit shown in Fig.1.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, a motor vehicle 11 has an transverse mounted IC engine 12 which is connected to a pair of front wheels 15 and to a pair of rear wheels 21 by a mechanical driveline including a transmission 13 which in turn drives a front final drive unit 14 connected to the front wheels 15 by front driveshafts 16. The front final drive unit 14 also drives a rear drive take-off unit 17 which is connected to a rear final drive unit 18 by a longitudinal propshaft 19. The rear final drive unit 18 is connected to the rear wheels 21 by rear driveshafts 22.
The rear final drive unit 18 has a casing 23 which comprises a rear casing part 24 and a front casing part 25, the casing parts being connected at a flange face 26. The rear casing part 24 carries the inboard ends of the rear driveshafts 22 and a crownwheel 27 which drives the rear driveshafts 22 through a differential 28. The front casing part 25 carries a pinion 31 which meshes with the crownwheel 27 and is part of a pinion shaft 32 which is journalled in the front casing part 25. The rear end of the propshaft 19 is also journalled in the front casing part 25 and carries a control clutch 33 which controllably couples the propshaft 19 to the pinion shaft 32. The front casing part 25 also houses the stator 34 of a traction motor/generator 35 whose rotor 36 is rotatable on the pinion shaft 32, the rotor 36 being fast with a sun gear 37 which meshes with planet gears 38 of an epicyclic reduction gear 39. The planet gears 38 are each rotatable on a carrier 41 which is rotatable on the pinion shaft 32 and is selectably coupled to the pinion shaft 32 by a disconnect clutch 42. The planet gears 38 also mesh with a ring gear 43 fast with the front casing part 25. The epicyclic reduction gear 39 provides a reduction gear ratio between the rotor 36 and the pinion shaft 32.
The traction motor/generator 35 is controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU) 51 which also controls the transmission 13 according to the usual parameters of engine load and speed, road speed, etc and an input from a transmission selector 46 having a selector lever 47 under the control of the driver. The ECU 51 also has an input from a driver-controlled hill descent control switch 45. Another motor/generator, conveniently referred to as the engine starter generator or, more conventionally, the integrated starter generator (ISG) 29, is driven by the engine 12. Both the traction motor/generator 35 and the ISG 29 draw current from or supply current to a traction battery 61 and to an auxiliaries battery 62.
The traction battery 61 would ordinarily be a high voltage unit while the auxiliaries battery 62 would be 1 2V for the supply & control of the normal vehicle electrical systems.
In normal on-road use of the vehicle 11 the engine 12 can drive the front wheels 15 through the transmission 13, the front final drive unit 14 and the front driveshafts 16 while also driving the rear wheels 21 through the rear take-off unit 17, the propshaft 19, the rear final drive unit 18 and the rear driveshafts 22. The rear take-off unit 17 is driven in a direct ratio of the drive to the front wheels 15, the control clutch 33 allowing drive torque to the rear wheels 21 as required to maintain an appropriate torque split between the front and rear wheels. Under gentle low speed driving conditions, the traction motor/generator 35 can be used to drive the vehicle with the engine 12 stopped, in which case the control clutch 33 would disconnect and drive would be to the rear wheels 21 only through the epicyclic reduction gear 39. For higher road speeds, particularly out of town driving, the engine 12 would drive as described above with the ISG 29 and, where needed, the traction motor/generator 35 supplying current to the batteries 61 and 62.
Also as previously indicated, a situation may arise where the temperature limit of the traction motor/generator 35 is reached during regenerative braking. Rather than then rely on the foundation brakes for retardation, the ISG 29 can be brought into effect with the engine 12 still running and connected to the wheels so that the ISG can apply regenerative braking while the motor/generator 35 cools. Similarly, once the ISG 29 reaches its temperature limit, the motor/generator 35 can again be brought into effect for regenerative barking while the lSG cools. The ECU 51 can be programmed to recognise different requirements for regenerative braking depending on vehicle parameters so that the traction motor/generator 35 can be used predominately for severe gradients while the ISG 29 can be used predominately for less severe grades.
While a single ECU is described, it will be appreciated that the engine 12 and the motor generator 35 can be under the control of separate ECUs which communicate with each other, e.g. via a CAN bus. Furthermore, the rear drive take-off unit 17 may incorporate a centre differential, preferably with a lock-up clutch. However, in place of the transverse mounted IC engine 12, transmission 13, front final drive unit 14 and rear drive take-off unit 17 there may be a longitudinally mounted IC engine and transmission with a conventional transfer case, either of the type which provides a direct drive to the rear axle or one which incorporates a centre differential, preferably with a lock-up clutch. Although a front engine arrangement is described, the invention is also applicable to a rear or mid engine arrangement.

Claims (8)

1. A hybrid electric motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine, an engine motor/generator arranged to be driven by the engine, a mechanical driveline to transmit power from the engine to at least one of a front pair of wheels and to a rear pair of wheels, a traction motor/generator arranged to drive one of said pairs of wheels and a traction battery arranged to receive current from and supply current to the motor/generators, the engine and the motor/generators being arranged to be controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU), wherein the traction motor/generator is arranged to provide regenerative braking, ECU being arranged to monitor the temperature of the traction motor/generator and the engine motor/generator being arranged to provide regenerative braking instead of the traction motor/generator to keep the traction motor/generator within a prescribe temperature limit.
2. A vehicle according to claim 1 wherein ECU is arranged to monitor the temperature of the engine motor/generator and the traction motor/generator is arranged to provide regenerative braking instead of the engine motor/generator to keep the engine motor/generator within a prescribe temperature limit.
3. A vehicle according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the ECU is arranged to recognise different requirements for regenerative braking depending on vehicle parameters so that the traction motor/generator can be used predominantly for severe gradients while the engine motor/generator can be used predominantly for less severe grades.
4. A method of controlling a hybrid electric motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine, an engine motor/generator arranged to be driven by the engine, a mechanical driveline to transmit power from the engine to at least one of a front pair of wheels and to a rear pair of wheels, a traction motor/generator arranged to drive one of said pairs of wheels and a traction battery arranged to receive current from and supply current to the motor/generators, the engine and the motor/generators being arranged to be controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU), wherein the traction motor/generator provides regenerative braking, the temperature of the traction motor/generator is monitored and when the traction motor/generator reaches a prescribe temperature limit the engine motor/generator provides regenerative braking instead.
5. A method according to claim 4 wherein ECU monitors the temperature of the engine motor/generator and when the engine motor/generator reaches a prescribe temperature limit the traction motor/generator resumes regenerative braking instead.
6. A method according to claim 3 wherein the ECU recognises different requirements for regenerative braking depending on vehicle parameters so that the traction motor/generator is used predominantly for severe gradients while the engine motor/generator is used predominantly for less severe grades.
7. A hybrid electric motor vehicle substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
8. A method of controlling a hybrid electric motor vehicle substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
GB0722847.1A 2007-11-22 2007-11-22 Hybrid electric motor vehicles Expired - Fee Related GB2454891B (en)

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Cited By (2)

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US8740744B2 (en) 2012-05-07 2014-06-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Adjusting motor torque to compensate for uphill and downhill demands during cruise control in hybrid vehicle
RU2571887C2 (en) * 2011-07-21 2015-12-27 Марс Фасхутдинович Гайфутдинов Electric vehicle storage battery charging device

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JP2007137231A (en) * 2005-11-17 2007-06-07 Toyota Motor Corp Power output device, its control method, and vehicle
GB2435869A (en) * 2006-02-25 2007-09-12 Ford Global Tech Llc Driveline and control method for hybrid vehicle

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US5988307A (en) * 1995-05-19 1999-11-23 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Power transmission apparatus, four-wheel drive vehicle with power transmission apparatus incorporated therein, method of transmitting power, and method of four-wheel driving
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RU2571887C2 (en) * 2011-07-21 2015-12-27 Марс Фасхутдинович Гайфутдинов Electric vehicle storage battery charging device
US8740744B2 (en) 2012-05-07 2014-06-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Adjusting motor torque to compensate for uphill and downhill demands during cruise control in hybrid vehicle

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GB0722847D0 (en) 2008-01-02

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