GB2455062A - Hybrid vehicle using traction motor as backup starter - Google Patents

Hybrid vehicle using traction motor as backup starter Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2455062A
GB2455062A GB0721959A GB0721959A GB2455062A GB 2455062 A GB2455062 A GB 2455062A GB 0721959 A GB0721959 A GB 0721959A GB 0721959 A GB0721959 A GB 0721959A GB 2455062 A GB2455062 A GB 2455062A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
engine
generator
motor
wheels
pair
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Granted
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GB0721959A
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GB0721959D0 (en
GB2455062B (en
Inventor
Stephen Robert Pickering
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Priority to GB0721959.5A priority Critical patent/GB2455062B/en
Publication of GB0721959D0 publication Critical patent/GB0721959D0/en
Publication of GB2455062A publication Critical patent/GB2455062A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2455062B publication Critical patent/GB2455062B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/119—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of all-wheel-driveline means, e.g. transfer gears or clutches for dividing torque between front and rear axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/192—Mitigating problems related to power-up or power-down of the driveline, e.g. start-up of a cold engine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/04—Monitoring the functioning of the control system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

A backup method of engine starting and corresponding apparatus are provided. The apparatus comprises a hybrid vehicle 11 having an engine 12 driving a transmission 13 which in turn drives a front final drive unit 14 connected to a pair of front wheels 15 by front driveshafts 16. The front final drive unit 14 also drives a rear drive take-off unit 17 which is connected to a rear final drive unit 18 by a longitudinal propshaft 19 and a control clutch 33. The rear final drive unit 18 is connected to a pair of rear wheels 21 by rear driveshafts 22. The rear final drive unit 18 houses a traction motor/generator 35 which can drive the rear wheels 21 through an epicyclic reduction gear 39 a crownwheel 27 and pinion 31. The pinion 31 is also driven by the propshaft 19 through a control coupling 33. An integrated starter generator (ISG) 29, is driven by the engine 12. Both the traction motor/generator 35 and the ISG 29 draw current from or supply current to a traction battery 61. If the ISG 29 fails, the traction motor/generator 35 can start the engine 12 by driving through the control clutch 33, the propshaft 19, the rear drive take-off 17 and the transmission 13. In another mode, the control clutch 33 is open and the motor/generator 35 can start the engine by driving the rear wheels 21 through the crownwheel 27 and pinion 31 while the front wheels drive the engine through the front final drive unit 14 and the transmission 13. Starting is controlled by an electronic control unit.

Description

Hybrid Electric Motor Vehicles The invention relates to hybrid electric motor vehicles. Particularly it relates to problems which can arise when a hybrid electric motor vehicle is used in off-road situations.
One situation relates to where an IC engine can drive the road wheels through a mechanical driveline and an electric traction motor/generator is provided to drive the wheels, the engine having a conventional starter motor or an integrated starter/generator ISG for starting. While the durability and reliability of conventional starter motors and integrated starter/generators are relatively high, vehicles used off-road can subject these components to exceptional conditions which can result in rapid wear or failure. Because such vehicles can be taken to places where emergency assistance may be difficult to provide, there is a need to be able to start a vehicle even if the starter motor or ISG has failed.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a hybrid electric motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine, an engine motor/generator arranged to be driven by the engine, a mechanical driveline to transmit power from the engine to at least one of a front pair of wheels and to a rear pair of wheels, a traction motor/generator arranged to drive one of said pairs of wheels and a traction battery arranged to receive current from and supply current to the motor/generators, the engine and the motor/generators being arranged to be controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU), wherein the ECU is configured to enable the traction motor/generator to start the engine in the event that the engine motor/generator fails.
The traction motor/generator may be arranged to drive the engine during engine starting by driving the engine through the driveline between the motor/generator and the engine. Alternatively, the engine may be arranged to drive one pair of wheels and the traction motor/generator is arranged to drive another pair of wheels so that during starting the engine is driven by said one pair of wheels while the traction motor/generator propels the vehicle through said other pair of wheels.
The invention also provides, according to another aspect thereof, a method of starting an internal combustion engine in a hybrid electric motor vehicle having an engine motor/generator arranged to be driven by the engine, a mechanical driveline to transmit power from the engine to at least one of a front pair of wheels and to a rear pair of wheels, a traction motor/generator arranged to drive one of said pairs of wheels and a traction battery arranged to receive current from and supply current to the motor/generators, the engine and the motor/generators being controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU), wherein the method comprises using the traction motor/generator to start the engine in the event that the engine motor/generator fails.
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-Fig.1 is a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle according to the invention; and Fig.2 is a schematic diagram of a final drive unit shown in Fig.1.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, a motor vehicle 11 has an transverse mounted IC engine 12 which is connected to a pair of front wheels 15 and to a pair of rear wheels 21 by a mechanical driveline including a transmission 13 which in turn drives a front final drive unit 14 connected to the front wheels 15 by front driveshafts 16. The front final drive unit 14 also drives a rear drive take-off unit 17 which is connected to a rear final drive unit 18 by a longitudinal propshaft 19. The rear final drive unit 18 is connected to the rear wheels 21 by rear driveshafts 22.
The rear final drive unit 18 has a casing 23 which comprises a rear casing part 24 and a front casing part 25, the casing parts being connected at a flange face 26. The rear casing part 24 carries the inboard ends of the rear driveshafts 22 and a crownwheel 27 which drives the rear driveshafts 22 through a differential 28. The front casing part 25 carries a pinion 31 which meshes with the crownwheel 27 and is part of a pinion shaft 32 which is journalled in the front casing part 25. The rear end of the propshaft 19 is also journalled in the front casing part 25 and carries a control clutch 33 which controllably couples the propshaft 19 to the pinion shaft 32. The front casing part 25 also houses the stator 34 of a traction motor/generator 35 whose rotor 36 is rotatable on the pinion shaft 32, the rotor 36 being fast with a sun gear 37 which meshes with planet gears 38 of an epicyclic reduction gear 39. The planet gears 38 are each rotatable on a carrier 41 which is rotatable on the pinion shaft 32 and is selectably coupled to the pinion shaft 32 by a disconnect clutch 42. The planet gears 38 also mesh with a ring gear 43 fast with the front casing part 25. The epicyclic reduction gear 39 provides a reduction gear ratio between the rotor 36 and the pinion shaft 32.
The traction motor/generator 35 is controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU) 51 which also controls the transmission 13 according to the usual parameters of engine load and speed, road speed, etc and an input from a transmission selector 46 having a selector lever 47 under the control of the driver. The ECU 51 also has an input from a driver-controlled hill descent control switch 45. Another motor/generator, conveniently referred to as the engine starter generator or, more conventionally, the integrated starter generator (ISG) 29, is driven by the engine 12. Both the traction motor/generator 35 and the ISG 29 draw current from or supply current to a traction battery 61 and to an auxiliaries battery 62.
The traction battery 61 would ordinarily be a high voltage unit while the auxiliaries battery 62 would be I 2V for the supply & control of the normal vehicle electrical systems.
In normal on-road use of the vehicle 11 the engine 12 can drive the front wheels 15 through the transmission 13, the front final drive unit 14 and the front driveshafts 16 while also driving the rear wheels 21 through the rear take-off unit 17, the propshaft 19, the rear final drive unit 18 and the rear driveshafts 22. The rear take-off unit 17 is driven in a direct ratio of the drive to the front wheels 15, the control clutch 33 allowing drive torque to the rear wheels 21 as required to maintain an appropriate torque split between the front and rear wheels. Under gentle low speed driving conditions, the traction motor/generator 35 can be used to drive the vehicle with the engine 12 stopped, in which case the control clutch 33 would disconnect and drive would be to the rear wheels 21 only through the epicyclic reduction gear 39. For higher road speeds, particularly out of town driving, the engine 12 would drive as described above with the ISG 29 and, where needed, the traction motor/generator 35 supplying current to the batteries 61 and 62.
As previously indicated, a situation may arise where the ISG 29 is unavailable for starting the engine 12. To overcome this problem if the vehicle 11 is in a remote area where emergency assistance is difficult to provide, the traction motor/generator 35 can be utilised to start the engine 11 in an emergency starting procedure. In a first mode of operation of the emergency starting procedure, ECU is configured so that the disconnect clutch 42 and the control clutch 33 are both closed and the motor/generator 35 can start the engine by driving through driveline between the motor/generator 35 and the engine 12, in this example by means of the propshaft 19, the rear drive take-off 17 and the transmission 13. In a second mode, the disconnect clutch 42 is closed and the motor/generator 35 can start the engine by driving the rear wheels 21 through the crownwheel 27 and pinion 31 while the front wheels drive the engine through the front final drive unit 14 and the transmission 13. This second mode is also useful for hybrid electric motor vehicles of the kind where an engine and transmission are arranged to drive a pair of wheels at one end of the vehicle while an electric traction motor is arranged at the other end to drive another pair of wheels, the other pair not being mechanically driven by the engine. Because the emergency starting procedure as described above involves movement of the vehicle, the driver remains in control of the starting. Indeed, it is envisaged that the driver would have to adopt a prescribed procedure such as inserting a particular key (mechanical or code) before the emergency starting procedure became operational. However, if disconnect clutches are used in the drive to the wheels, e.g. as described in US6817434, the vehicle can remain stationary if started according to the first mode of operation.
While a single ECU is described, it will be appreciated that the engine 12 and the motor generator 35 can be under the control of separate ECUs which communicate with each other, e.g. via a CAN bus. Furthermore, the rear drive take-off unit 17 may incorporate a centre differential, preferably with a lock-up clutch. However, in place of the transverse mounted IC engine 12, transmission 13, front final drive unit 14 and rear drive take-off unit 17 there may be a longitudinally mounted IC engine and transmission with a conventional transfer case, either of the type which provides a direct drive to the rear axle or one which incorporates a centre differential, preferably with a lock-up clutch. Although a front engine arrangement is described, the invention is also applicable to a rear or mid engine arrangement.

Claims (8)

  1. A hybrid electric motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine, an engine motor/generator arranged to be driven by the engine, a mechanical driveline to transmit power from the engine to at least one of a front pair of wheels and to a rear pair of wheels, a traction motor/generator arranged to drive one of said pairs of wheels and a traction battery arranged to receive current from and supply current to the motor/generators, the engine and the motor/generators being arranged to be controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU), wherein the ECU is configured to enable the traction motor/generator to start the engine in the event that the engine motor/generator fails.
  2. 2. A vehicle according to claim 1 wherein the traction motor/generator is arranged to drive the engine during engine starting by driving the engine through the driveline between the motor/generator and the engine.
  3. 3. A vehicle according to claim I wherein the engine is arranged to drive one pair of wheels and the traction motor/generator is arranged to drive another pair of wheels so that during starting the engine is driven by said one pair of wheels while the traction motor/generator propels the vehicle through said other pair of wheels.
  4. 4. A method of starting an internal combustion engine in a hybrid electric motor vehicle having an engine motor/generator arranged to be driven by the engine, a mechanical driveline to transmit power from the engine to at least one of a front pair of wheels and to a rear pair of wheels, a traction motor/generator arranged to drive one of said pairs of wheels and a traction battery arranged to receive current from and supply current to the motor/generators, the engine and the motor/generators being controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU), wherein the method comprises using the traction motor/generator to start the engine in the event that the engine motor/generator fails.
  5. 5. A method according to claim 4 wherein the traction motor/generator drives the engine through the driveline between the motor/generator and the engine while the engine is being started.
  6. 6. A method according to claim 4 wherein during starting the engine is driven by one pair of wheels while the traction motor/generator propels the vehicle through another pair of wheels.
  7. 7. A hybrid electric motor vehicle substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  8. 8. A method of starting an internal combustion engine in a hybrid electric motor vehicle substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
GB0721959.5A 2007-11-09 2007-11-09 Hybrid electric motor vehicles Expired - Fee Related GB2455062B (en)

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GB2455062A true GB2455062A (en) 2009-06-03
GB2455062B GB2455062B (en) 2012-07-11

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130138282A1 (en) * 2011-11-30 2013-05-30 Kia Motors Corporation Battery charging method and system for hybrid vehicle and the hybrid vehicle using the same
WO2014033137A1 (en) * 2012-08-27 2014-03-06 Gkn Driveline International Gmbh Mechanical and electric drive train of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle with mechanical and electric drive train
TWI652186B (en) 2016-06-14 2019-03-01 美商北極星工業公司 Hybrid utility vehicle

Citations (7)

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US6053842A (en) * 1998-03-31 2000-04-25 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Drive system for hybrid drive vehicle
US20030116371A1 (en) * 2001-12-25 2003-06-26 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Differential mechanism for a vehicle
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