GB2450543A - Semiconductor ring laser bistable device for optical processing such as pulse shaping - Google Patents

Semiconductor ring laser bistable device for optical processing such as pulse shaping Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2450543A
GB2450543A GB0712665A GB0712665A GB2450543A GB 2450543 A GB2450543 A GB 2450543A GB 0712665 A GB0712665 A GB 0712665A GB 0712665 A GB0712665 A GB 0712665A GB 2450543 A GB2450543 A GB 2450543A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
optical
coupling
laser device
ring laser
semiconductor ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
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GB0712665A
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GB0712665D0 (en
Inventor
Siyuan Yu
Marc Sorel
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University of Bristol
University of Glasgow
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University of Bristol
University of Glasgow
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Publication date
Application filed by University of Bristol, University of Glasgow filed Critical University of Bristol
Priority to GB0712665A priority Critical patent/GB2450543A/en
Publication of GB0712665D0 publication Critical patent/GB0712665D0/en
Priority to PCT/GB2008/002225 priority patent/WO2009001102A1/en
Publication of GB2450543A publication Critical patent/GB2450543A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F3/00—Optical logic elements; Optical bistable devices
    • G02F3/02—Optical bistable devices
    • G02F3/026—Optical bistable devices based on laser effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2/00—Demodulating light; Transferring the modulation of modulated light; Frequency-changing of light
    • G02F2/004—Transferring the modulation of modulated light, i.e. transferring the information from one optical carrier of a first wavelength to a second optical carrier of a second wavelength, e.g. all-optical wavelength converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S3/0057—Temporal shaping, e.g. pulse compression, frequency chirping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
    • H01S3/083—Ring lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
    • H01S5/1071—Ring-lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/29—Repeaters
    • H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
    • H04B10/299—Signal waveform processing, e.g. reshaping or retiming

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

An optical signal processing apparatus comprises a semiconductor ring laser (SRL) device 10 having first 11 and second 12 directions of laser action (clockwise and anti-clockwise), first 14 and second 15 inputs for coupling light into the first and second directions of laser operation of the semiconductor laser device respectively, and first 16 and second 17 outputs for coupling light out of the first and second directions of laser operation of the semiconductor laser device respectively. The SRL is configured as a bistable device, and can be used to perform all-optical data pulse reshaping. The direction of operation is optically controlled, preferably using a continuous wave (CW) input. The output re-shaped pulse trains may be complementary to each other.

Description

ALL-OPTICAL DATA SIGNAL PROCESSING DEVICE
The present invention relates to all-optical signal processing devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The all-optical processing of digital signals is highly desirable in optical information systems in order to avoid converting the signal into electronic form. Various functions such as optical pulse re-amplification (1R), reshaping (2R) and retiming (3R), wavelength conversion, pulse gating (or demultiplexing) have been demonstrated using several kinds of devices including optical fibre based nonlinear optical loop mirrors (NOLM) and semiconductor optical amplifier Mach-Zehnder interlerometer (SOA-MZI) devices. However, fibre based devices are large in size and sensitive to environmental disturbances, and are difficult to integrate into more complicated systems involving multiple functions. SOA based devices need high current to operate, and therefore have high power consumption. It is also are difficult to obtain high performances (such as signal extinction ratio) due to limited fabrication accuracies and phase drift between the two arms of the interterometer. The SOA sizes are typically in the order of millimetres, making it difficult to integrate multiple devices monolithically on the same chip.
A prior art device used two semiconductor ring lasers (SRL) to achieve two digital states represented by the two directions of operation in these SRLs. This replied on the mutual locking between these SRLs to maintain the direction of operation not changing from one to another. This device has the drawback of having to use two identical SRLs. Any mismatch in the two involved SRLs (such as a lasing frequency difference) will cause the operation to be disrupted. It also occupies twice the area of the SRL device.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
According to the present invention, there is provided an optical signal processing apparatus comprising a semiconductor ring laser device having first and second directions of laser action, first and second inputs for coupling light into the first and SRL Optical Processing P108649GB00 second directions of laser operation of the semiconductor laser device respectively, and first and second outputs for coupling light out of the first and second directions of laser operation of the semiconductor laser device respectively.
The device consists of a semiconductor ring laser (SRL). The semiconductor ring laser is designed to operate at one of the two possible stable states at any moment, one being the laser light propagates in the clockwise direction inside the ring, the other being the laser light propagates in the counter-clockwise direction inside the ring.
These two states are used to represent binary data of I' or 0'. The state of the semiconductor ring laser may remain unchanged in the absence of any external input light or assisted by external light input. Mechanisms are included to couple light in and out of the semiconductor ring laser. This device can be operated to perform multiple all-optical digital data processing functions including, but not limited to, all-optical data pulse re-shaping, re-timing, wavelength conversion, gating, de-multiplexing, and data envelop detection.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of all-optical digital signal processor based on semiconductor ring laser; Figure 2 illustrates an all-optical pulse reshaping operation of the device of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of the pulse reshaping process; Figure 4 illustrates an all-optical pulse reshaping and wavelength conversion operation; Figure 5 illustrates an all-optical pulse reshaping and retiming operation; Figure 6 shows the timing relationship between input data pulses, optical clock, and reshaped/retimed output data pulses; Figure 7 illustrates an all-optical pulse gating or de-multiplexing operation; SRL Optical Processing P1 08649G800 Figure 8 illustrates timing of the optical gating/data multiplexing operation; Figure 9 illustrates an all-optical data envelope detection scheme; Figure 10 is a timing schematic of the data envelope detection; Figure 11 illustrates optical single pulse detection operation; and Figure 12 is a timing schematic of the optical single pulse detection operation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Embodiments of the present invention aim to provide an all-optical digital data pulse processing device and methods of operating this device to provide multiple all-optical data processing functions. In order to illustrate the general principle of one such device, a schematic illustration is provided in Figure 1.
A device embodying the present invention comprises a single semiconductor ring laser (SRL) 10. The semiconductor ring laser 10 has a ring cavity, and a semiconductor optical gain medium that forms at least part of the ring cavity. The ring cavity is an enclosed path of any shape that allows light propagation in such a way that light wave starting from any point along the path will return to the same point after traversing any extended section of the path only once. Examples of the ring cavity shape include circular, annular, oval or ellipsoidal, rectangular, polygonal, a racetrack' shape that comprises two parallel straight sides connected by curved paths at both ends, etc. In the descriptions hereafter a circular or annular shaped ring cavity is used to illustrate the principles of operation.
In one example device, the semiconductor ring laser 10 is formed by a closed loop Optical waveguide. It also includes an input coupler 14, 15 for each direction and output coupler 16, 17 for each direction. The clockwise direction 11 is indicated by dashed lines and the counter-clockwise 12 direction is indicated by solid lines.
SRL Optical Processing P1 0864 9GBOO The semiconductor ring laser 10 is designed to operate at one of the two possible stable states at any moment, one being the laser light propagates in the clockwise direction 11 inside the ring, the other being the laser light propagates in the counter-clockwise direction 12 inside the ring.
The achievement of the operation in one or other direction of the SRL 10 can rely on an effect known as nonlinear gain competition between the two directions inside a single SRL 10, in which any direction that has a slightly higher optical power will having higher optical gain than the opposite direction. This will result in the growth of the stronger direction further, and hence creating even less gain for the weaker direction. This effect can be strong enough to result in the SRL 10 essentially operating in one direction only and essentially suppress the operation in the opposite direction, therefore making the state of the SRL 10 self-sustained.
The operation of the SRL 10 in a designated direction can also be achieved by intentionally inputting an external light wave into the desired direction. The SRL 10 can also be operated to receive external input optical waves into both directions. In this case the direction of operation will depend on the strengths and the frequencies of the two input waves.
These two directional states in which the SRL can operate are used to represent binary data of 1' or 0'. This forms a bistable' device. A device embodying this invention also includes mechanisms which couple light into and out of both directions of the bistable SRL 10.
The SRL bistable device 10 can be used to perform all-optical data pulse re-shaping in the following manner. By inputting 14, 15 a continuous wave (CW) optical signal into one of the two directions 11, 12, the SRL 10 is forced to operate in that direction. The optical data pulse to be regenerated is coupled 13, 14 into the opposite direction 12, 11. When the data pulse power is lower than a threshold value that is related to the CW optical power, the SRL 10 remains operating in its original direction. When the signal pulse power rises above the threshold value, the direction of the SRL 10 changes to the direction receiving the input optical data pulse. When the signal pulse power decreases below the threshold value, the direction of the SRL 10 changes back SRL Optical Processing P108649GB00 to the direction receiving the CW light. In this way the shape of a distorted optical data pulse can be reshaped to be closer to an ideal square wave. The threshold of the optical pulse regeneration is primarily decided by the CW optical power. Furthermore, two copies 14, 17 of the optical pulse are obtained. These two copies can be measured from the two directions of the SRL 10, and are logically complementary to one another. This operation is illustrated in Figure 2 and the waveform schematic is illustrated in Figure 3.
Both copies of reshaped data are at the same wavelength A1 as the input data and CW light.
Figure 4 illustrates the device being used to perform all-optical data pulse re-shaping, re-timing, and all-optical data wavelength conversion. By using a wavelength A1 for the CW input 15 that is different from the input data pulse wavelength A2, the SRL 10 is forced to operate at A1 in one direction 12 and A2 in the other direction 11 each time its operating direction changes. Two copies of the data pulse are generated and have different wavelengths, one at A1 and the other at A2. In this way, optical data is transferred from A2 to A1 and in the meanwhile its pulse has been reshaped and re-timed.
Figure 5 illustrates the same device performing all-optical data pulse re-shaping and re-timing, as will be described below. A relatively high power optical clock pulse train is coupled into one direction (in this example, the counter clockwise direction). The SRL 10 is forced to operate in that direction during the clock pulse. The optical data pulse to be re-shaped and re-timed is coupled into the opposite direction. When the data pulse power is low (e.g., representing a logic 0') following an optical clock pulse, the SRL 10 remains operating in its original direction. When the data pulse power is high (e.g., representing a logic 1') following an optical clock pulse, the direction of the SRL 10 changes to the direction receiving the data pulse because during this time there is* low power at the clock input. When the next clock pulse arrives, due to its higher power, the direction of the SRL changes back to the direction receiving the clock pulse, therefore setting the data output back to low power. In this way the shape of a distorted optical signal pulse can be reshaped to be close to an ideal square wave at output, and the output data pulse position is confined to between two consecutive SRL Optical Processing P1 08649GB00 optical clock pulses. The data pulse therefore has been re-shaped and re-timed.
Again, two copies of the optical data pulse are obtained. These two copies can be measured from the two directions of the SRL 10, and are logically complementary to one another. The relationship between the timing of the input, output data waveforms and the clock is illustrated in Figure 6.
The same device can be used to perform all-optical single pulse detection. The SRL device is set to operate at a pre-set direction by a clearing' pulse. The SRL 10 will remain operating in this direction until the opposite direction input of the SRL 10 receives a single optical pulse to be detected. This single pulse will set the SRL to operate in the opposite direction therefore indicating the arrival of the single pulse.
Figure 7 illustrates the device being used to perform all-optical data gating and de-multiplexing. An optical data pulse train to be gated or de-multiplexed is coupled into one direction of the SRL 10 (in this example, the clockwise input 14). When no light is coupled into the other direction, the SRL 10 then operates in the direction receiving the data pulses by the first 1' data bit, and will remain operating at that direction regardless of the subsequent data stream. This effectively stops the data flow from passing through the SRL 10. When a suitable optical gating control light is coupled into the other direction, the SRL 10 will operate as described in the re-shaping operation, thus allowing the data signal to pass through the SRL 10. By changing the duration and timing of the gating control signal, a part of the data can be de-multiplexed from a longer stream of data pulses. The timing of this function is illustrated in Figure 8.
Figure 9 illustrates the device being used to detect an envelope of an incoming signal, with Figure 10 illustrating the timing diagram. A continuous wave optical signal is input into the counter clockwise directionl2 via the second input 15. This optical input causes the SRL 10 to lase in the counter clockwise direction. When an input data signal in the form of a plurality of pulses is input into the clockwise direction 11 via the first input 14, the lasing direction of the SRL 10 will be changed to the clockwise direction. If, as illustrated, the input data pulses are closely spaced in time, then the SRL 10 does not have time to switch lasing direction, and so the outputs represent the duration of the pulse series input to the device, as illustrated in Figure 10.
SRL Optical Processing P1086490800 Figures 11 and 12 illustrate the device being used to detect an incoming pulse supplied to the first input 14. Initially, a clear pulse is supplied to the counter clockwise direction 12 via the second input 15 in order to cause the SRL 10 to lase in the counter clockwise direction 12. An input pulse for detection is supplied to the first input 14 and when the pulse arrives, the SRL 10 is caused to lase in the clockwise direction 11, until a further clear pulse is supplied to the second input 15 to return the SRL to the counter clockwise direction 12. In this manner, a pulse on the second input can be detected by the SRL 10, and the outputs 16 and 17 thereof can supply detection pulses.
It is to be appreciated that the above-described functions of the SRL device are exemplary, and variations can be developed. In particular, the continuous wave optical signal can be input to the first input, and hence the clockwise direction, and the input optical signal can be supplied to the counter clockwise direction via the second input.
The functions described above serves as examples of the all-optical digital functions that may be realised using the semiconductor ring laser based all-optical regenerator device. These by no means form an exhaustive list of the possible functions provided by the device of this invention, and the skilled can infer further functions based on the same principles of operation.
SRL Optical Processing P1 08649GB00

Claims (23)

1. An optical signal processing apparatus comprising: a semiconductor ring laser device having first and second directions of laser action; first and second inputs for coupling light into the first and second directions of laser operation of the semiconductor laser device respectively; and first and second outputs for coupling light out of the first and second directions of laser operation of the semiconductor laser device respectively.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, comprising at least one coupling mechanism that provides a path for an external optical signal to be selectively coupled into the first and second directions of laser operation of the semiconductor ring laser device.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the semiconductor ring laser device is operable to lase in the first and second directions simultaneously in the absence of an external input optical signal to the device.
4. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the semiconductor ring laser device is operable to lase in only one of the first and second directions upon input of an external optical signal to the corresponding one of the first and second inputs.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the semiconductor ring laser device is operable to continue to lase in said only one of the first and second directions after input of the external optical signal has ceased.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the semiconductor ring laser device is operable to lase in the first direction upon coupling of a first optical signal via the first input, and to lase in the second direction upon coupling of a second optical signal via the second input, the lasing direction being dependent upon the relative values of the first and second optical signals.
SRL Optical Processing P108649GB00
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the semiconductor ring laser device is operable to lase in the first direction in response to coupling of first and second optical signals to the first and second inputs respectively, the power of the first optical signal being greater than the power of the second optical signal.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the semiconductor ring laser device is operable to lase in the second direction in response to coupling of first and second optical signals to the first and second inputs respectively, the power of the second optical signal being greater than the power of the first optical signal.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the semiconductor ring laser deviceis operable to lase in the first direction in response to coupling of an optical signal to the first input, the power of the first optical signal being greater than a threshold value.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the semiconductor ring laser device is operable to lase in the second direction in response to coupling of an optical signal to the second input, the power of the first optical signal being greater than a threshold value.
11. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wavelength of an optical signal coupled out of the first output is determined by the wavelength of an optical signal coupled to the semiconductor ring laser device via the first input.
12. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wavelength of an optical signal coupled out of the second output is determined by the wavelength of an optical signal coupled to the semiconductor ring laser device via the second input.
13. A method of operating an optical signal processing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprising: coupling a continuous wave (CW) optical signal into the first direction of the semiconductor ring laser device; SRL Optical Processing P108649GB00 coupling an optical data signal into the second direction of the semiconductor ring laser device; and coupling a reshaped optical data signal out from the second output.
14. A method as claimed in claim 13, comprising: coupling an inverted reshaped optical data signal out from the first output.
15. A method as claimed in claim 13 or 14, comprising varying a length of the reshaped and inverted reshaped optical data signals by varying the continuous wave optical power.
16. A method of operating an optical signal processing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprising: coupling a continuous wave (CW) light at a first wavelength into the first direction of the semiconductor ring laser device; coupling an optical data signal at a second wavelength into the second direction of the semiconductor ring laser device; and coupling a reshaped optical data signal at the second wavelength out from the second output.
17. A method as claimed in claim 16, comprising: coupling an inverted reshaped optical data signal at the first wavelength out from the first output.
18. A method of operating an optical signal processing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprising: coupling a stream of periodic optical pulses into the first direction of the semiconductor ring laser device; coupling an optical data signal into the second direction of the semiconductor ring laser device; and coupling a reshaped and retimed optical data signal out from the second output.
19. A method as claimed in claim 18, comprising: coupling an inverted reshaped optical data signal out from the first output SRL Optical Processing P1 08649GB00
20. A method of operating an optical signal processing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprising: coupling a stream of periodic optical pulses at a first wavelength into the first direction of the semiconductor ring laser device; coupling an optical data signal at a second wavelength into the second direction of the semiconductor ring laser device; and coupling a reshaped and retimed optical data signal at the second wavelength out from the second output.
21. A method as claimed in claim 18, comprising: coupling an inverted reshaped optical data signal at the first wavelength out from the first output.
22. A method of operating a device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprising the steps of: coupling a control optical pulse into the first direction of the semiconductor ring laser device; coupling an input signal into the second direction of the semiconductor ring laser device, such that a short pulse supplied to the second input causes the semiconductor ring laser device to lase in the second direction until a further control optical pulse is coupled into the first direction of the semiconductor ring laser device.
23. A method of operating a device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprising the steps of: coupling a continuous wave (CW) optical signal into the first direction of the semiconductor ring laser device; coupling an input signal into the second direction of the semiconductor ring laser device; outputting an envelope signal from the second output of the semiconductor ring laser device, which envelope signal relates to the input signal.
SRI Optical Processing P1 08649GB00
GB0712665A 2007-06-28 2007-06-28 Semiconductor ring laser bistable device for optical processing such as pulse shaping Withdrawn GB2450543A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0712665A GB2450543A (en) 2007-06-28 2007-06-28 Semiconductor ring laser bistable device for optical processing such as pulse shaping
PCT/GB2008/002225 WO2009001102A1 (en) 2007-06-28 2008-06-27 All-optical data signal processing device

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0712665A GB2450543A (en) 2007-06-28 2007-06-28 Semiconductor ring laser bistable device for optical processing such as pulse shaping

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GB2450543A true GB2450543A (en) 2008-12-31

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11163210B2 (en) 2017-09-11 2021-11-02 Tuomo Von Lerber Arithmetic-logical unit with synchronized laser(s)

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GB0712665D0 (en) 2007-08-08

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