GB2444841A - Lubricating composition - Google Patents
Lubricating composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2444841A GB2444841A GB0724085A GB0724085A GB2444841A GB 2444841 A GB2444841 A GB 2444841A GB 0724085 A GB0724085 A GB 0724085A GB 0724085 A GB0724085 A GB 0724085A GB 2444841 A GB2444841 A GB 2444841A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- group
- engines
- triazole
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
- -1 triazole compound Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- CYFLXLSBHQBMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamoxole Chemical group O1C(C)=C(C)N=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CYFLXLSBHQBMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical group [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010710 diesel engine oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1h-triazole Chemical compound N1NC=CN1 SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002751 molybdenum Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229940126543 compound 14 Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 30
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 23
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 21
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 18
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N (e)-10-[2-(7-carboxyheptyl)-5,6-dihexylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]dec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC1C=CC(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C1CCCCCC CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl sebacate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001828 phenalenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC1=C23)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RDAGYWUMBWNXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzene Chemical class CCCCC(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1CC(CC)CCCC RDAGYWUMBWNXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEYQUBZGSWAPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(nonyl)benzene Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC YEYQUBZGSWAPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLPSARLYTKXVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CN=CS1 RLPSARLYTKXVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZTDESRVPFKCBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)benzene Chemical group C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 RZTDESRVPFKCBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDZHCHYQNPQSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthalen-1-ylnaphthalene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)=CC=CC2=C1 ZDZHCHYQNPQSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEKOFIRRDATTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,5,8-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol Chemical compound C1CC(C)(C)OC2=C1C(C)=C(O)C=C2C MEKOFIRRDATTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVXGKJYMVLJYCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-di(nonyl)-N-phenylaniline Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCCC QVXGKJYMVLJYCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFCPRRWCTNLGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-phenylbenzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 NFCPRRWCTNLGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-2h-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2C(Br)=NNC2=C1 NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDACNGSDAFKTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxydiphenylamine Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 NDACNGSDAFKTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLPFFLWZZBQMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1C1N2C=NC=C2CCC1 CLPFFLWZZBQMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940044174 4-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUNBFTCKFYBASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC UUNBFTCKFYBASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl adipate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCC XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000767160 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) Intracellular protein transport protein USO1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000033 alkoxyamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLLCYXDFVBWGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(8-methylnonyl) nonanedioate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC(C)C WLLCYXDFVBWGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940100539 dibutyl adipate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylbenzene Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002168 ethanoic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002691 malonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005415 substituted alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011885 synergistic combination Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecylbenzene Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/42—Phosphor free or low phosphor content compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/44—Boron free or low content boron compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
- C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
-
- C10N2230/10—
-
- C10N2230/12—
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- C10N2240/10—
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- C10N2240/102—
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
A lubricant composition with improved stability to oxidation, especially of silver parts of diesel engines, comprises a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising: (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula R<1>-NH-R<2>, wherein R<1> and R<2> are each selected from at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
Description
LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure is directed to additive and lubricant compositions and methods for use thereof. More particularly, this invention is directed to an additive composition comprising a synergistic combination comprising (I) a triazole compound, and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound.
Background of the Disclosure
Diesel engines are used in a variety of applications and lubricant compositions for use in diesel engines are well known. Among the various types of diesel engines are the medium speed diesel engines, which are used in applications where thousands of horsepower (e.g., 2000 to 10,000 horsepower) are needed. This includes propulsion engines of deep-draft, sea-going vessels, workboats operating in the inland and coastal waterways, and stationary or continuous electrical power generation for manifold applications including rail locomotives, offshore drilling platforms, and industrial facilities and buildings.
Typically, these engines run at a speed of about 100 to about 1,200 rpm. This imanding enironment results in oxidation of the oil, which can result in corrosion of the metals present in the engine.
Medium speed diesel engines are unique among diesel engines generally because these engines frequently have silver parts, such as silver bearings. Thus, apart from providing stability against oxidation and protection against the formation of sludge and carbonaceous deposits, lubricating compositions intended for use in medium speed diesel engines must be formulated with specialized silver protecting agents in order that silver bearings in the engine are not attacked either by the additives in the oil or by the decomposition products
I
S
produced during extended engine operation. Such agents, often referred to as silver lubricity agents, protect against extreme pressure, wear and corrosion.
A typical engine lubricating composition might comprise extreme pressure agents and antiwear agents. The most commonly used extreme pressure and antiwear agents are sulfur-containing compounds, such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP). However, it is well known that some sulfur-containing compounds cannot be used in engines having silver parts given their known propensity to damage the silver parts. This recognized tendency is explained, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,428,850. Thus, it is desirable to find an additive composition that can provide oxidation protection and in some cases can be essentially free of these potentially damaging compounds containing active sulfur.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
in accordance with the disclosure, there is provided an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula: R1R2 wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
In an aspect, there is provided a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising (I) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with Sb the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-aminn-1;2;4-trizole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula: R1 R2 wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hyd rocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
In another aspect, there is also provided a lubricant composition comprising an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-I,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula: R1R2 wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
Moreover, there is provided a method of improving oxidation protection of a lubricant composition, said method comprising: providing to a machine a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of a additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula:
H
N R2
wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
Further, there is provided a method for operating a machine comprising adding a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula:
H
N R1 R2
wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
Additionally, there is provided a method of lubricating at least one moving part of a machine, said method comprising contacting at least one moving part with a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising: (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the tnazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula: R1R2
S
wherein P.1 and P.2 are each ndependent!y se!ected from thA group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
Also provided is the use of a synergistic additive composition of the invention to improve the oxidation protection of a lubricant composition.
Additional objects and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and/or can be learned by practice of the disclosure. The objects and advantages of the disclosure will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not
restrictive of the disclosure, as claimed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
The present disclosure generally relates to a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula:
H
N R1 R2
wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
As used herein, the term "major amount" is understood to mean an amount greater than or equal to 50 wt. %, for example from about 80 to about 98 wt.% relative to the total weight of the composition. Moreover, as used herein, the term "minor amount" is understood to mean an amount less than 50 wt. % relative to the total weight of the composition.
As used herein, aromatic" or "aryl", unless expressly stated otherwise, refers to the typical substituted or unsubstituted non-aliphatic hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic moieties of this class, e.g., a polyunsaturated, typically aromatic, hydrocarbyl cyclical, or heterocyclic, substituent, which can have a single ring or multiple rings (up to three rings) that are fused together or linked covalently.
Typical hydrocarbyl aromatic moieties include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenalenyl, and the like. Such moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl substituents. In one embodiment, the substituents on the substituted hydrocarbyl substituents are themselves unsubstituted. Typically, the hydrocarbyl substituents are unsubstituted. Aryl moieties can also be optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally ----substitutedloweralko,-aminoamide ester moieties-and carbonyl moieties-(eg.,------aldehyde or ketonic moieties). Also included are aryl moieties substituted by other aryl moieties, such as biphenyl. Heterocyclic aryl or aromatic moieties refers to unsaturated cyclical moieties containing carbon atoms in the ring and additionally one or more hetero atoms, which are typically oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and/or phosphorus, such as pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, pyranyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, etc. Such moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, amino, amide, ester moieties and carbonyl moieties (e.g.. aldehyde or ketonic moieties). In one embodiment. an aryl moiety comprises from 3 to 30, for example from 6 to 30, carbon atoms.
As used herein, "alkaryl", unless expressly stated otherwise, refers to an alkyl moiety substituted by the typical substituted or unsubstituted non-aliphatic hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic moieties described above. Typical aryl moieties include phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, and the like. Such moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as hydroxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, amino, amide, ester moieties and carbonyl moieties (e.g., aldehyde or ketonic moieties).
As used herein, the terms "hydrocarbon", "hydrocarbyl" or "hydrocarbon based" mean that the moiety being described has predominantly hydrocarbon character within the context of this invention. These include moieties that are purely hydrocarbon in nature, that is, they contain only carbon and hydrogen. They can also include moieties containing substituents or atoms which do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the moiety. Such substituents can include halo-, alkoxy-, nitro-, etc. These moieties also can contain hetero atoms. Suitable hetero atoms will be apparent to those skilled in the art and --------include; for example,-sulfur-nitrogen; -oxygen and phosphorus-Therefore-wh lie remaining predominantly hydrocarbon in character within the context of this invention, these moieties can contain atoms other than carbon present in a chain or ring otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
In one embodiment, an alkyl group is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from 1 to 24 carbon atoms. A lower alkyl group typically refers to a said alkyl group which contains from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, for example from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. An alkyl group can be substituted by one or more substituents, for example one, two or three substituents, which are the same or different and are selected from halogen. hydroxy, alkoxy, In one embodiment, a cycloalkyl group is cyclic form of a said alkyl group which comprises from 3 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 12, for example 5 or 6, carbon atoms. A cycloalkyl group can comprise one or more ring systems.
In one embodiment, an alkoxy group is a group -OR, wherein R is an alkyl group as defined above. An optionally substituted lower alkoxy group is a group -OR wherein R is an alkyl group which contains from I to 12 carbon atoms, for example 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents, for example one, two or three substituents, which are the same or different and are selected from halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino and thio In one embodiment, a halogen is typically fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine and is preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine, such as fluorine or chlorine.
In one embodiment, an amino group is a group -NRR' wherein R and R' are the same or different and represent hydrogen or an alkyl group containing ------fromiio32tarbonatoms, forexample-from-1-to-24-carbon-atoms.-------In one embodiment, a thio group is a group -SR wherein R represents hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from I to 32 carbon atoms, for example from 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
In one embodiment, a sulfono group is a group -SO2R wherein R represents hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from I to 32 carbon atoms, for example from I to 24 carbon atoms.
In nn cmhnrIimcnf n midn nrniin i rirniin -C((ViNRR' whrin R
-
and R' are the same or different and represent hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from I to 32 carbon atoms, for example from 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
In one embodiment, a phosphoro group is a group -P(O)RR' wherein R and R' are the same or different and represent hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from I to 24 carbon atoms.
In one embodiment, an ester group is a group -C(O)OR wherein R represents hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
In one embodiment, a carbonyl group is a group -C(O)R wherein R represents hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from I to 24 carbon atoms.
In one embodiment, an alkenyl group is a linear or branched alkylene group containing from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from 1 to 24 carbon atoms. Typically, an alkenyl group or moiety is saturated except for one double bond. An alkenyl group can be substituted by one or more substituents, for one, two or three substituents, which are the same or different and are selected from halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy amino andthio substituents.
In one embodiment, a cycloalkenyl group is cyclic form of a said alkenyl group which comprises from 3 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 12, for example 5 or 6, carbon atoms. A cycloalkenyl group can comprise one or more ring systems.
In one embodiment, a cyclic moiety is typically a non-aromatic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon ring, having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms. A cyclic moiety can also be a non-aromatic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon ring having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms in which one or more, for example one, two or three, of the carbon atoms are replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, 0 and S. Typically, the cyclic moiety is unsaturated or has one double bond. The cyclic moiety can comprise one or more ring systems and can also comprise bridging carbon atoms. When the cyclic moiety comprises one or more ring systems, said systems can be linked by covalent bonds or can be fused. In one embodiment, the cyclic moiety comprises two fused rings. A cyclic moiety can be substituted with one or more substituents, for example one, two or three substituents, which are the same or different and are selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, amide, ester, oxo, halogen, nitro, thio, phosphoro or sulfono substituents.
In a preferred embodiment, the term "hydrocarbyl group" or "hydrocarbyl" is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of a molecule and having a predominantly hydrocarbon character.
Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include: (1) hydrocarbon substituents, that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl)or aromatic su bstituents and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-su bstituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through -----. -----another portion-of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form an-alicyclic ---radical); (2) substituted hydrocarbon substituents, that is, substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of the description herein, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, and sulfoxy); (3) hetero-substituents, that is, substituents which, while having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this description, contain other than carbon in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms. Hetero-atoms include sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and encompass substituents such as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, and imidazolyl.
In general, no more than two, or as a further example, no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; typically, there will be no non-hydrocarbon substituent in the hydrocarbyl group. In one embodiment, a hydrocarbyl group comprises from I to 32 carbon atoms, for example I to 24 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, a hetero-substituent comprises from I to 32 carbon atoms, for example 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein one, two or three of the carbon atoms is replaced by heteroatoms which are the same or different and are selected from sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen.
In one embodiment, the substituents on an alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, cyclic and hydrocarbyl moiety are unsubstituted.
As used herein, the term "synergy" and its grammatical variations refer to the interaction of elements that, when combined, produce a total effect greater than the sum of the individual elements.
A triazole compound suitable for use in the compositions of the present disclosure can be any triazole substituted with an aryl moiety, with the exception of an alkyl bis-3-amino-I,2,4-triazole. In some embodiments the triazole compound is a I,2,3-triazole compound. In other embodiments the triazole --------compound is al2,4-triazole-compound: As usedherein-the triazole compound-is -. -----substituted with an aryl moiety. However, the triazole itself can be further substituted by a substituent such as an alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms. Thus, in one embodiment, a triazole substituted with an aryl moiety refers to a triazole ring substituted with an aryl group wherein the triazole ring is further optionally substituted with an alkyl group comprising from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms. The aryl moiety can be linked to the triazole via a covalent bond, or can be fused to the triazole.
II
For example, the triazo!e compound can be substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety comprising a single ring or multiple rings, for example covalently linked rings. Non-limiting examples of substituted aryl moieties comprising covalently linked rings include biphenyl, 1,1'-binaphthyl, p,p'-bitolyl, biphenylenyl, and the like. As another example, the aryl moiety can comprise multiple fused rings. Non-limiting examples of aryl moieties comprising multiple fused rings include naphthyl, anthryl, pyrenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenalenyl, and the like. As a further example, the aryl moiety can comprise a single ring covalently linked to the triazole. Non-limiting examples of aryl moieties comprising a single ring covalently linked to the triazole include phenyl and the like. As another example, the aryl moiety can comprise a single ring fused to the triazole. A non-limiting example of such a compound includes benzotriazole. An example of a commercially available triazole compound suitable for use herein is a benzotriazole, which is an offwhite solid having a melting point ranging from 95-99 C, a flashpoint of 170 C, and a water solubility of 25 gIL at 20 C. The triazole compound can be combined/reacted/mixed with other additives in order to increase its solubility in a composition.
-In an embodiment, theiriazole compound can be represented by formula (I) below: (L1)R4 (I) wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and at least one alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, at least one alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and a substituted hydrocrbyI moiety. In another embodiment, R3 and R4 of the triazole compound represented by formula (I) can each independently comprise from about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, when R4 is an alkyl moiety it is an unsubstituted alkyl moiety.
The triazole compound can be present in the lubricant and additive compositions in any effective amount, which can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, the triazole compound can be present in any synergistic effective amount. In an embodiment, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, and for example from about 0.05 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.%, of the triazole compound, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition. In another embodiment, the additive composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.01 wt.% to about 3 wt.% of the triazole compound, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.
The disclosed compositions can also comprise a nitrogen-containing compound. There is no particular restriction on the type of nitrogen-containing compound that can be used in the disclosed compositions of the present -disclosure. Generally, a nitrogen-containing compound suitable for use herein can be represented by formula (II) below:
H
N R1 R2 (II)
wherein R1 and R2 can each be independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido,
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phosphoro, and su!fono. For exarnp!e, R1 and R2 of the nitrogen-containing compound can both comprise an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of aryl moieties include alkphenyl of phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, and alkaryl. As another example, R1 and R2 can each independently comprise alkaryl, such as alkphenyl or alknaphthyl, wherein the alkyl moiety comprises from about 4 to about 30, and for example from about 4 to about 12, carbon atoms. As still another example, R1 and R2 can each independently comprise a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety. Non-limiting examples of substituents for the aryl moiety can include an alkyl moiety comprising from about I to about 20 carbon atoms, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and nitro moieties. As another example, R1 and R2 can each independently be an alkyl substituted benzyl, phenyl, or naphthyl.
Other non-limiting examples of nitrogen-containing compounds that are suitable include: phenylamine; diphenylamine; triphenylamine; various alkylated phenylamines, diphenylamines and triphenylamines; N,N'-bis(4-aminophenyl)- alkylamine; 3-hydroxydiphenylamine; N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine; N-phenyl-I,4-phenylenediamine; dibutyldiphenylamine; dioctyldiphenylamine; dinonyldiphenylamine; phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine; phenyl-beta-naphtylamine; -diheptyldiphenylamine; and p-oriented styrenated diphenylamine. Additional non-limiting examples of suitable nitrogen-containing compounds and their methods of preparation include those in U.S. Patent No. 6,218,576, which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
The nitrogen-containing compounds used herein can comprise a structure other than that shown above in formula (Il) which shows but one nitrogen atom in the molecule. Thus, the nitrogen-containing compound can comprise a different structure provided that at least one nitrogen has at least one aryl moiety
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attached thereto. e.g., as in the case of various diamines having a secondary nitrogen atom as well as an aryl attached to one of the nitrogens.
The nitrogen-containing compounds used herein can have antioxidant properties in the disclosed compositions when used alone but can also demonstrate synergistic properties in the presence of a triazole compound described herein. For example, the oxidation protection afforded by the triazole compound and/or the nitrogen-containing compound alone can be significantly enhanced if these materials are present in the disclosed lubricant compositions, thereby demonstrating synergism. The synergy can allow a lower treat rate of the additive composition needed to achieve a desired level of achieving oxidation protection than would otherwise be required if either the triazole compound or nitrogen-containing compound were to be used alone. Additionally, the nitrogen-containing compounds used herein should be soluble in a final lubricant composition.
The amount of the nitrogen-containing compound in the disclosed compositions can vary depending upon specific requirements and applications. In an aspect, the nitrogen-containing compound can be present in a synergistic -------effective-amount.-In an embodiment,-the lubricating composition of the present---disclosure can comprise from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, and for example from about 0.3 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, of the nitrogen-containing compound, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition. In another embodiment, the additive compositions of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.07 wt.% to about 33 wt.% of the nitrogen-containing compound, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.
The compositions disclosed herein can optionally contain additives, such as dispersants, ash-containing detergents, ashless-detergents, overbased deteraents. pour point depressing agents, viscosity index modifiers. ash-containing friction modifiers, ashtess friction modifiers, nitrogen-containing friction modifiers, nitrogen-free friction modifiers, esterified friction modifiers, extreme pressure agents, rust inhibitors, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, anti-foam agents, titanium compounds, titanium complexes, organic soluble molybdenum compounds, organic soluble molybdenum complexes, boron-containing compounds, boron-containing complexes, tungsten-containing compounds, tungsten-containing complexes, and combinations thereof. In an aspect, the compositions can comprise various levels of at least one titanium-containing compound depending on the needs and requirements of the application. In another aspect, the compositions can comprise various levels of at least one molybdenum-containing compound depending on the needs and requirements of the application.
In an embodiment, the lubricant compositions of the present application can be essentially free, such as devoid, of compounds containing free active sulfur. As used herein, the phrase "active sulfur" is defined as sulfur containing compounds which would substantially react with machine parts to form metal sulfides at normal engine running temperatures ranging from about 100 C to ---below about 400 C: -Active sulfur sdistinguished-from non-active sulfur, which-does not substantially react at temperatures under 400 C, but which may sufficiently react to form metal sulfides at temperatures above 400 C so as to
C
protect engine parts under extreme pressure conditions, or where boundary conditions exist. One of ordinary skill in the art would readily understand that temperatures significantly above 400 can occur at various positions in engines that typically operate at lower temperatures, such asbelow 400 C, due to these boundary regions and extreme pressure regions. Such boundary regions and extreme pressure regions can occur, for example, when a particular engine part, such as a bearing, is placed under load. Non-active sulfur compounds can be employed that will react to protect engine parts as these higher temperatures, while not substantially reacting at the generally lower engine operating temperatures.
Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art understands that compounds containing active sulfur, such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), can exert a measurable deleterious effect upon some machines, such as medium speed diesel engines or machines that contain silver parts, while non-active sulfur compounds can still be employed to protect engine parts in these machines. For at least this reason, it may be desirable to omit active sulfur compounds from formulations intended for use in such machines. One skilled in the art would know how to determine the effect of sulfur containing compounds on machine parts, such as, for example, by measuring the amount of silver dissolved in the lubricant and/or the amount of deposits on the silver parts. The term "essentially free" is defined for purposes of this application to be concentrations having substantially no measurable deleterious effect.
In some embodiments, the lubricant compositions of the present application are substantially free, such as devoid, of compounds containing ---phosphorus: lnother embodiments; the compositions-of the present application -can be substantially free of compounds containing boron. It can be desirable to omit phosphorus and/or boron containing compounds from formulations of the present application so that these elements can be used as markers to indicate lubricant contamination. For example, railroad engine oils are generally formulated to be free of phosphorus and boron. While in use, the oils are periodically checked for phosphorus and/or boron, the presence of which can indicate that the oil has been contaminated with e.g., ZOOP or, in the case of boron, boron containing coolants, during engine operation. In this manner, the phosphorus and/or boron act
I
as markers to indicate contamination of the lubricant. By the phrase substantially free is meant that the composition comprises only trace amounts of phosphorus and/or boron, so that concentrations of these elements will have substantially no effect on the ability of phosphorus and boron to be used as markers.
Base oils suitable for use in formulating the disclosed compositions can be selected from any of the synthetic or mineral oils or mixtures thereof.
Mineral oils include animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil, lard oil) as well as other mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils derived from coal or shale are also suitable. Further, oils derived from a gas-to-liquid process are also suitable.
The base oil can be present in a major amount, wherein "major amount" is understood to mean greater than or equal to 50%, for example from about 80 to about 98 percent by weight of the lubricant composition.
The base oil can have any desired viscosity that is suitable for the intended purpose. Examples of suitable engine oil kinematic viscosities can range from about 2 to about 150 cSt and, as a further example, from about 5 to about 15 cSt at 100 C. Thus, for example, base oils can be rated to have viscosity ranges of about SAE 15 to about SAE 250, and as a further example, from about SAE 20W to about SAE 50. Suitable automotive oils also include multi-grade oils such as 15W-40, 20W-50, 75W-140, 80W-90, 85W-140, 85W-90, and the like.
Non-limiting examples of synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene isobutylene copolymers, etc.); polyalphaolefins such as poly(1-hexenes), poly-(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes), etc. and mixtures thereof; alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, di-nonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes etc.); polyphenyls (e.g.. biphenvls. terphenyl. alkvlated polyphenyls, etc.); alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivatives, analogs and homologs thereof and the like.
Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl moieties have been modified by esterification, etherification, etc., constitute another class of known synthetic oils that can be used. Such oils are exemplified by the oils prepared through polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl-polyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of about 1000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 500-1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1000-1500, etc.) or mono-and polycarboxylic esters thereof, for example, the acetic acid esters, mixed C fatty acid esters, or the C13 Oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol.
Another class of synthetic oils that can be used includes the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, -adipic acid; linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid,alkyi malonic acids, alkenylmalonic---acids, etc.) with a variety of alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.) Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and the like.
Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from C12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, diperitaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, etc. Hence, the base oil used which can be used to make the compositions as described herein can be selected from any of the base oils in Groups I-V as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines. Such base oil groups are as follows: Group I contain less than 90% saturates and/or greater than 0. 03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120; Group II contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120; Group Ill contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 120; Group IV are polyalphaolefiris (PAO); and Group V include all other basestocks not included in Group I, II, III or IV.
The test methods used in defining the above groups are ASTM 02007 for saturates; ASTM 02270 for viscosity index; and one of ASTM D2622, 4294,4927and3l2O-for-sulfur. --------Group IV basestocks, i.e. polyalphaolefins (PAO) include hydrogenated oligomers of an alpha-olefin, the most important methods of oligomerisation being free radical processes, Ziegler catalysis, and cationic, Friedel-Crafts catalysis.
The polyalphaolefins typically have viscosities in the range of 2 to cSt at 100 C., for example 4 to 8 cSt at 100 C. They can, for example, be oligomers of branched or straight chain alpha-olefins having from about 2 to about carbon atoms, non-limiting examples include polypropenes, polyisobutenes,
I
nI..1..hiifn nnIv.j..hpypnp nnIv...1..ngfnpq int1 nnlv-1-rlp.c'pnp lnc.IuitIp.d ri -----homopolymers, interpolymers and mixtures.
Regarding the balance of the basestock referred to above, a "Group I basestock" also includes a Group I basestock with which basestock(s) from one or more other groups can be admixed, provided that the resulting admixture has characteristics falling within those specified above for Group I basestocks.
Exemplary basestocks include Group I basestocks and mixtures of Group II basestocks with Group I bright stock.
Basestocks suitable for use herein can be made using a variety of different processes including but not limited to distillation, solvent refining, hydrogen processing, oligomerisation, esterification, and re-refining.
The base oil can be an oil derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons. Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons can be made from synthesis gas containing H2 and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. Such hydrocarbons typically require further processing in order to be useful as the base oil. For example, the hydrocarbons can be hydroisomerized using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,103,099 or 6,180,575; hydrocracked and hydroisomerizeci using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,943,672 or 6,096,940; dewaxed using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,882,505; or hydroisomerized and dewaxed using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,171; 6,080,301; or 6,165,949.
Unrefined, refined and rerefined oils, either mineral or synthetic (as well as mixtures of two or more of any of these) of the type disclosed hereinabove can be used in the base oils. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a mineral or synthetic source without further purification treatment. For example, a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations, a petroleum oil obtained directly from primary distillation or ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment would be an unrefined oil. Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques are known to those skilled in the art such as solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation, etc. Rerefined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have been already used in service. Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives, contaminants, and oil breakdown products.
According to various embodiments, there is a method of improving oxidation protection in a lubricant composition. As used herein, the term "improving oxidation protection" is understood to mean enhancing the oxidation protection that a composition can provide to a machine, e.g., reducing the amount of infrared carbonyl absorption and/or reducing the kinematic viscosity of a composition used in a machine, as compared to a composition that is devoid of the combination disclosed herein. The method of improving oxidation can comprise providing to a machine a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (I) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II): R1R2 (II) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of 2t least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
According to various embodiments, there is also disclosed a method of lubricating at least one moving part of a machine, said method comprising contacting the at least one moving part with a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of the disclosed synergistic additive composition.
In other embodiments, there is also disclosed a method for operating a machine comprising adding a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of the disclosed synergistic additive composition.
The machine in the disclosed methods can be selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression-ignition internal combustion engines, including diesel engines, marine engines, rotary engines, turbine engines, locomotive engines, propulsion engines, aviation piston engines, stationary power -----generation engines, continuous power generation engines; and engines comprising----silver parts. Moreover, the at least one moving part can be chosen from a gear, piston, bearing, rod, spring, camshaft, crankshaft, rotors, and the like.
The lubricant composition can be any composition that would be effective in lubricating a machine. In an aspect, the composition is selected from the group consisting of medium speed diesel engine oils, passenger car motor oils, and heavy duty diesel engine oils. In an embodiment, the composition is a medium speed diesel engine oil.
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EXAMPLES
The following examples are illustrative of the invention and its advantageous properties. In these examples as well as elsewhere in this application, all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated. It is intended that these examples are being presented for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention disclosed herein.
Lubricant compositions that were essentially free of compounds containing active sulfur, boron and phosphorus were tested for their ability to protect against oxidation. The following examples show the synergism that exists when a triazole compound and a nitrogen-containing compound, such as an aryl amine, are formulated into lubricant composition, such as an engine oil. The examples also show that this synergism is unique when compared to antioxidant compounds alone or in combination.
EXAMPLE I
In this example, the base lubricant composition was as follows: TABLE 1 -Base Composition --COMPONENT Wt.% Functionalized polymer 2-5 Dialkyl thiadiazole 0.01-1 Sulfurized olefin (antiwear) 0.01-1 Low base detergent 1-4 High base detergent 1-5 Dispersant 1-10 Base oil 40/60 blend Balance As shown in Table 2 below, blends 2 to 8 comprised at least one additional component in addition to the above base composition. A triazole compound was a benzotriazole manufactured by Afton Chemical Corporation wherein 25 wt.% benzotriazole was dissolved in a primary t-alkyl amine (Primene
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IM-T vaIihIp frnm Pnhm inr -1i PhiIrjpInhj PA\ nr1 snIvnt niufrI minril -...-.--.-.---..-. . .--.-, ---.1***' -..---.. ..---.-oil so that it would be soluble in the base composition of Table 1. The aryl amine compound was a dialkyl diphenylamine. In order to rule out the possibility of the primary t-alkyl amine contributing to the oxidative stability of the compositions, the primary t-alkyl amine was also tested with the triazole compound (5), the aryl amine compound (6), and a combination of the two (8).
TABLE 2 -Lubricant Compositions ___________ 1(Base) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 N-containing compound (wt.%) ------0.30 --0.30 0.30 0.30 Primary t- alkyl amine(wt.%) ----1.125 --1.125 1.125 --1.125 Triazole compound (wt.%) --0.375 ----0.375 -0.375 0.375 The oxidation stability of these eight lubricant compositions was measured by the Ethyl Oxidation Test. Oxygen was bubbled through a test tube containing suspended iron, copper and lead coupons and one of the lubricant compositions from Table 2 at 300 F. An air condenser retained most of the volatiles, and the lubricant composition was sampled and analyzed every 24 hours.
The used lubricant compositions were evaluated for oxidation control by methods well known in the art for measuring kinematic viscosity increase and infrared carbonyl absorptions of the oil oxidation products.
The greater the carbonyl absorption, the less oxidation protection that particular lubricant composition imparts to the machine. The greater the increase in viscosity, the less stable a particular lubricant composition is to oxidation. The results are provided in Tables 3 and 4 below.
S
TARI F -Vi.crnsity lnrrpsp Percent Increase of _________________ Kinematic Viscosity at 100 C Lubricant Composition 48 Hrs 72 Hrs 96 Hrs Base Blend 4.2 24.5 56.2 2 5 30.3 71.4 3 7.1 30.5 68.6 4 -5.1 9.2 41.7 11.4 37.8 83.3 6 -1.6 16.8 44.4 7 -1.4 -1.8 -3.9 8 -1.2 -2.7 -4.1 I TABLE 4 -Infrared Carbonyl Absorption FuR Carbonyl Absorption ________________ abs/cm @ 1710 cm1 Lubricant I Composition 48 Hrs 72 Hrs 96 Hrs Base Blend 108 149 178 2 87 119 154 3 94 134 160 4 72 132 166 104 154 177 6 78 131 153 7 -5 -3 -1 8 7 10 13 -----As shown-in Tables 3 and 4, the base blend comprising the triazole compound (2), primary t-alkyl amine (3), or nitrogen-containing compound (4) showed some early, small oxidation protection. The nitrogen-containing compound (4) performed the best out of the three lubricant compositions with a 33% reduction in carbonyl absorption at 48 test hours, 11% reduction at 72 hours and a 7% reduction at 96 hours. Viscosity increases for the triazole compound (2) or primary t-alkyl amine (3) were comparable to the base blend. The nitrogen-containing compound (4) showed low viscosity increases at 48 and 72 hours, but a large viscosity increase at 96 hours. Lubricant composition (6) was comparable to the nitrogen-containing compound alone (4) in both carbonyl absorptions and viscosity increases. Lubricant composition (5) showed virtually no effect on oxidation, with carbonyl absorption equal to the base blend and viscosity increases larger than the base blend. Thus, the triazole compound (2) and primary t-alkyl amine (3) alone or in combination had little effect in oxidation protection of an active sulfur-free base blend as shown by carbonyl absorption or viscosity increases. With or without the primary t-alkyl amine, the nitrogen-containing compound (4) alone provided some oxidation protection.
The nitrogen-containing compound in combination with the triazole compound (7) showed significant synergism by both carbonyl absorption and viscosity increases. The negative carbonyl absorption values through 96 test hours in Table 4 indicate no detectable oxidation taking place. A small amount of oxidation was evidenced by the small viscosity decrease through 96 hours as shown in Table 3. The ternary combination of nitrogen-containing compound, triazole compound, and primary t-alkyl amine (8) showed small amounts of oxidation products by carbonyl absorption and slightly larger viscosity decreases indicating that the primary t-alkyl amine has a slight pro-oxidation tendency. Thus, ---the synergistic effect is attributable to the combination of the nitrogen-containing ---compound with the triazole compound (7). The primary t-alkyl amine does not play any role in the observed effect on oxidation.
EXAMPLE 2
The base composition of Table 1 was again used, but with varying amounts of a triazole compound and a nitrogen-containing compound as shown in
Table 5 below.
TABLE 5-Lubricant Composit ions ________________ 9 10 11 12 13 14 N-containing compound (wt.%) ------0.30 0.30 0.30 Triazole Compound (wt.%) 0.375 0.100 0.050 0.375 0.100 0.050 The oxidation stability of these compositions was also measured by the Ethyl Oxidation Test. The compositions were evaluated for oxidation control by methods for measuring kinematic viscosity increase and infrared carbonyl absorptions of oxidation products as described above. The results are as shown in Tables 6 and 7 below.
TABLE 6-Viscosity Increase Percent Increase of ____________ _________________ Kinematic Viscosity at 100 C Lubricant Composition 48 Hrs 72 Hrs 96 Hrs 9 5 30.3 71.4 8.3 35.7 84.7 11 3.7 27.4 63.4 12 -1.4 -1.8 -3.9 13 -1.8 -8.4 -0.8 14 I -1.8 -8.7 6.6 TABLE 7 -Infrared Carbonyl Absorption FuR Carbonyl Absorption ________________ abs/cm c 1710 cm1 ___________________ Lubricant Composition 48 Hrs 72 Hrs 96 Hrs 9 87 119 154 96 139 164 11 88 131 145 12 -5 -3 -1 13 6 14 86 14 -8 18 86 The triazo!e compound in Tab!e 2 was tested at 0.375 wL%, traditionally a rather high concentration for benzotriazole. As shown in Table 5, the triazole compound alone and with a nitrogen-containing compound was tested at 0.10 wt.% and 0.05 wt.% benzotriazole to determine if lower triazole amounts affected the results discussed above. As shown in Tables 6 and 7, the tnazote compound in the base blend alone used at lower concentrations, e.g., 0.10 wt.% (10) and 0.05 wt.% (11), still yielded viscosity increases comparable to the base blend. The carbonyl absorptions were comparable for all three triazole concentrations and only about 20% less than the base blend.
The triazole compound used at the two lower concentration with a nitrogen-containing compound, 0.10 wt.% (13) and 0.05 wt.% (14), showed over 90% lower carbonyl absorption at 48 and 72 test hours, and a 50% lower carbonyl absorption at 96 hours. The viscosity decreases of over 8% at 72 hours for both lower concentrations of the triazole compound showed that some oxidation was occurring. Yet even at 96 test hours, the lowest triazole concentration, 0.05 wt.% (14), showed a viscosity increase of only 6.6%, an 88% decrease over the base blend and an 84% decrease over the nitrogen-containing compound alone in the base blend (4). ThUs, significant oxidation protection as measured by carbonyl -absorption and viscosity change was achieved with a nitrogen-containing compound an a triazole compound even at 0.05 wt.%.
It is noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the," include plural referents unless expressly and unequivocally limited to one referent. Thus, for example, reference to "an antioxidant" includes two or more different antioxidants. As used herein, the term "include" and its grammatical variants are intended to be non-limiting, such
I
that recitation of items in a list is not to the exc!usion of other!ike items that can be substituted or added to the listed items For the purposes of this specification and appended claims, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages or proportions, and other numerical values used in the specification and claims, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present disclosure. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
While particular embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are or can be presently unforeseen can arise to applicants or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims as filed and as they can be amended are intended to embrace all sUch alternatives, modifications variations, improvements, and substantjal -equivalents.
Claims (43)
- ri AIR 1. A synergistic additive composition comprising: (i) a triazolecompound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1.2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II): R1R2 (II) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
- 2. The synergistic additive composition of claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 are each an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms.
- 3. The synergistic additive composition of claim I or claim 2, wherein the aryl moiety is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, and alkaryl.
- 4. The synergistic additive composition of claim 3, wherein the alkaryl is selected from the group consisting of alkphenyl and alknaphthyl, wherein the alkyl moiety comprises from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms.
- 5. The synergistic additive composition of claim 4, wherein the alkyl moiety of the alkaryl comprises from about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms.
- 6. The synergistic additive composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the triazole compound is substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety comprising multiple rings.
- 7. The synergistic additive composition of any one of c!aims 1 to 5, wherein the tnazole compound is substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety comprising a single ring.
- 8. The synergistic additive composition of any one of claims I to 5, wherein the triazole compound is represented by the formula (I):N NN (I)wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and at least one alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, at least one alkyl moiety comprising from about I to about 24 carbon atoms, and a
- 9. The synergistic additive composition of any one of claims I to 5, wherein the triazole compound is a benzotriazole.
- 10. The synergistic additive composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the triazole compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.
- 11. The synergistic additive composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.07 wt.% to about 33 wt.%, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.
- 12. The synergistic additive composition of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of dispersants, ash-containing detergents, ashless-detergents, overbased detergents, pour point depressing agents; viscosity ir.d ox improving agents, ash-containing friction modifier, ashless friction modifier, nitrogen-containing friction modifier, nitrogen-free friction modifier, esterified friction modifier, extreme pressure agents, rust inhibitors, supplemental antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, anti-foam agents, titanium compounds, titanium complexes, organic soluble molybdenum compounds, organic soluble molybdenum complexes, boron-containing compounds, boron-containing complexes, tungsten-containing compounds, and tungsten-containing complexes.
- 13. The synergistic additive composition of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one molybdenum compound
- 14. The synergistic additive composition of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one titanium compound.
- 15. A lubricant composition comprising: a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising: (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II):HNR1 R2 (II) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
- 16. The lubricant composition of claim 15, wherein the lubricant composition is essentially free of compounds containing boron or phosphorus.
- 17. The lubricant composition of claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the lubricant composition is essentially free of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
- 18. The lubricant composition of any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the triazole compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.%, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- 19. The lubricant composition of any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- 20. The lubricant composition of any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.3 wL% to about 3 wt.%, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- 21. The lubricant composition of any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the triazole compound is present at 0.05 wt.% and the nitrogen-containing compound is present at 0.3 wt.%, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- 22. The lubricant composition of any one of claims 15 to 22 wherein the synergistic additive composition is as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11.
- 23. The lubricant composition of any one of claims 15 to 22, further comprising at -least one additive selected from the group consisting of dispersants, ash-containing detergents, ashless-detergents, overbased detergents, pour point depressing agents, viscosity index improving agents, ash-containing friction modifier, ashless friction modifier, nitrogen-containing friction modifier, nitrogen-free friction modifier, esterified friction modifier, extreme pressure agents, rust inhibitors, supplemental antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, anti-foam agents, titanium compounds, titanium complexes, organic soluble molybdenum compounds, organic soluble molybdenum complexes, boron-containing compounds, boron-containing complexes, tungsten-containing compounds, and tungsten-containing complexes.
- 24. The lubricant composition of any one of daims 15 to 23, wherein the!ubricant composition is selected from the group consisting of medium speed diesel engine oils, passenger car motor oils, and heavy duty diesel engine oils.
- 25. The lubricant composition of any one of claims 15 to 24, further comprising at least one molybdenum compound
- 26. The lubricant composition of any one of claims 15 to 25, further comprising at least one titanium compound.
- 27. A lubricant composition comprising: a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising: (I) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II):HR1R2 (II) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen,. hydroxy,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,. amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
- 28.A lubricant composition according to claim 27 wherein the additive composition is as defined in any one of claims I to 14.
- 29. A method of improving oxidation protection of a lubricant composition, said method comprising: providing to a machine a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising: (i trinI rnmnnipnd uihstitiitprj with n rvl moiety with the __*_..J - proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-I,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II):HNR' R2 (II) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
- 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the machine is selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression-ignition internal combustion engines.
- 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the engine is selected from the group consisting of diesel engines, marine engines, rotary engines, turbine engines, locomotive engines, propulsion engines, aviation piston engines, stationary power generation engines, continuous power generation engines, and engines comprising silver parts.
- 32. A method for operating a machine comprising: -adding to the machine a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising: (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino- 1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II): R1R2 (II) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
- 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the machine is selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression-ignition internal combustion engines.
- 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the engine is selected from the group consisting of diesel engines, marine engines, rotary engines, turbine engines, locomotive engines, propulsion engines, aviation piston engines, stationary power generation engines, continuous power generation engines, and engines comprising silver parts.
- 35. A method of lubricating at least one moving part of a machine, said method comprising: contacting the at least one moving part with a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising: (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the tnazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino- 1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II): R1R2 (II) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.I
- 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the machine is selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression-ignition internal combustion engines
- 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the at least one moving part is selected from the group consisting of gears, pistons, bearings, rods, springs, camshafts, crankshafts, and rotors.
- 38. The method of any one of claims 29 to 37 wherein the synergistic additive composition is as defined in any one of claims I to 14.
- 39. Use of a synergistic additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14 to improve the oxidation protection of a lubricant composition.
- 40. A synergistic additive composition according to claim I and substantially as hereinbefore described.
- 41. A lubricant composition according to claim 15 and substantially as hereinbefore described.
- 42. A lubricant composition according to claim 27 and substantially as hereinbefore described.
- 43. A method according to claim 29, claim 32 or claim 35 and substantially as hereinbefore described.---44. -Use according to claim 39 and substantially as hereinbefore described.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/609,084 US20080139428A1 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2006-12-11 | Lubricating composition |
US11/843,195 US20080139427A1 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2007-08-22 | Lubricating composition |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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GB0724085D0 GB0724085D0 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
GB2444841A true GB2444841A (en) | 2008-06-18 |
GB2444841B GB2444841B (en) | 2010-02-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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GB0724085A Expired - Fee Related GB2444841B (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2007-12-10 | Lubricating composition |
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US (1) | US20080139427A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008144164A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102007049964A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2910021A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2444841B (en) |
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- 2007-10-18 DE DE102007049964A patent/DE102007049964A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-11-20 JP JP2007300168A patent/JP2008144164A/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
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US20080139427A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
FR2910021A1 (en) | 2008-06-20 |
JP2008144164A (en) | 2008-06-26 |
DE102007049964A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
GB2444841B (en) | 2010-02-10 |
GB0724085D0 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
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