US20080287328A1 - Lubricating composition - Google Patents
Lubricating composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080287328A1 US20080287328A1 US11/749,567 US74956707A US2008287328A1 US 20080287328 A1 US20080287328 A1 US 20080287328A1 US 74956707 A US74956707 A US 74956707A US 2008287328 A1 US2008287328 A1 US 2008287328A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- composition
- lubricant composition
- group
- aryl moiety
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
- -1 triazole compound Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000001257 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- CYFLXLSBHQBMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamoxole Chemical group O1C(C)=C(C)N=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CYFLXLSBHQBMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000001484 phenothiazinyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010710 diesel engine oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002751 molybdenum Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 0 *N([1*])[2*] Chemical compound *N([1*])[2*] 0.000 description 16
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical class [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 14
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 150000002990 phenothiazines Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;disodium;dinitrate;nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[K+].[O-]N=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N (e)-10-[2-(7-carboxyheptyl)-5,6-dihexylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]dec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC1C=CC(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C1CCCCCC CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFHPYJAEACPLGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-phenylethenyl)-10h-phenothiazine Chemical compound C=12NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 LFHPYJAEACPLGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NFCPRRWCTNLGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-phenylbenzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 NFCPRRWCTNLGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LKDKCTLTRLXBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCC LKDKCTLTRLXBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl sebacate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001828 phenalenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC1=C23)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RDAGYWUMBWNXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzene Chemical class CCCCC(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1CC(CC)CCCC RDAGYWUMBWNXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWDKGCUTAIXZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(nonyl)-10h-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=C(CCCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=C3SC2=C1 XWDKGCUTAIXZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEYQUBZGSWAPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(nonyl)benzene Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC YEYQUBZGSWAPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UASXJDTWMAJNDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(tetradecyl)-10h-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)=CC=C3SC2=C1 UASXJDTWMAJNDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPHVRMGBXBGKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dioctyl-10h-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=C(CCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCC)=CC=C3SC2=C1 WPHVRMGBXBGKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLPSARLYTKXVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CN=CS1 RLPSARLYTKXVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBZIZRCOJINOMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-10h-phenothiazine Chemical compound S1C2=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=CC=C2CCCC RBZIZRCOJINOMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEHNXQDVKUGHQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-10h-phenothiazine Chemical compound S1C2=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=CC=C2CCCCCCCCCC YEHNXQDVKUGHQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZTDESRVPFKCBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)benzene Chemical group C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 RZTDESRVPFKCBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXQHRUJXQJEGER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylbenzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)N=NC2=C1 HXQHRUJXQJEGER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDZHCHYQNPQSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthalen-1-ylnaphthalene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)=CC=CC2=C1 ZDZHCHYQNPQSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APIZJRYMLZQQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecyl-10h-phenothiazine Chemical compound S1C2=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=CC=C2CCCCCCCCCCCCCC APIZJRYMLZQQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNSFQIRYXVVLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol;2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO.CCC(CO)(CO)CO QNSFQIRYXVVLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWBUMWSVMGUGCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-1-octyl-10h-phenothiazine Chemical compound S1C2=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=CC(CCCC)=C2CCCCCCCC QWBUMWSVMGUGCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-2h-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2C(Br)=NNC2=C1 NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDACNGSDAFKTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxydiphenylamine Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 NDACNGSDAFKTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLPFFLWZZBQMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1C1N2C=NC=C2CCC1 CLPFFLWZZBQMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUNBFTCKFYBASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC UUNBFTCKFYBASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010011416 Croup infectious Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl adipate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCC XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000033 alkoxyamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004074 biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLLCYXDFVBWGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(8-methylnonyl) nonanedioate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC(C)C WLLCYXDFVBWGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 201000010549 croup Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UKJLNMAFNRKWGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexatrienamine Chemical group NC1=CC=C=C[CH]1 UKJLNMAFNRKWGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940100539 dibutyl adipate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylbenzene Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002168 ethanoic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- ATGUVEKSASEFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-aminodiphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 ATGUVEKSASEFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003444 succinic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecylbenzene Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/108—Phenothiazine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
- C10N2030/041—Soot induced viscosity control
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
- C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
Definitions
- the present disclosure is directed to additive and lubricant compositions and methods for use thereof.
- Lubricating oils as used in the internal combustion engines and transmissions of automobiles or trucks are subjected to a demanding environment during use. This environment results in oxidation of the oil which is catalyzed by the presence of impurities in the oil, and is also promoted by the elevated temperatures of the oil during use.
- the oxidation of lubricating oils contributes to the formation of sludge in oils and the breakdown of viscosity characteristics of the lubricant.
- the oxidation is often controlled to some extent by selecting the proper antioxidant additives thereby significantly improving the life of the lubricating oils.
- Antioxidant additives can extend the useful life of the lubricating oil by, for example, reducing or preventing unacceptable viscosity increases and/or deposit formation.
- antiwear agents form a thin film on metal surfaces which prevents metal to metal contact, resulting in a decrease in the amount of wear.
- a well-known and commonly used antiwear agent is zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP).
- a lubricating oil composition to comprise reduced phosphorus containing compound concentrations while also containing improved additives mat reduce the oxidative degradation of lubricating oils.
- an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
- R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and (iii) a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
- a lubricant composition comprising a a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I).
- R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and (iii) a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
- a method of delaying the onset of viscosity increase in a lubricant composition comprising providing to a machine a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
- R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and (iii) a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a method of lubricating at least one moving part of a machine.
- the method comprises contacting the at least one moving pad with a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of an additive composition.
- the additive composition comprises a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
- R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
- a method for operating a machine comprising adding to the machine a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
- R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and (iii) a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
- the present disclosure generally relates to an additive composition
- an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
- R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphors, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
- the present application is also directed to a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of the above described additive composition.
- the term “major amount” is understood to mean an amount greater than or equal to 50 wt. % for example from about 80 to about 98 wt. % relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the term “minor amount” is understood to mean en amount less than 50 wt. % relative to the total weight of the composition.
- aromatic refers to substituted or unsubstituted non-aliphatic hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic moieties of this class, e.g., a polyunsaturated, typically aromatic, cyclical hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclic substituent, which can have a single ring or multiple rings (up to three rings) that are fused together or linked covalently.
- hydrocarbyl aromatic moieties include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenalenyl, and the like. Such moieties are optionally substituted with one or more hydrocarbyl substituents.
- heterocyclic aryl or aromatic moieties refers to unsaturated cyclical moieties containing carbon atoms in the ring and additionally one or more hetero atoms, such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and/or phosphorus.
- suitable heterocyclic aryl or aromatic moieties include pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, pyranyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, etc.
- Such moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, amino, amide, ester moieties and carbonyl moieties (e.g., aldehyde or ketonic moieties).
- substituents such as hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, amino, amide, ester moieties and carbonyl moieties (e.g., aldehyde or ketonic moieties).
- alkaryl refers to an alkyl group substituted by any of the substituted or unsubstituted non-aliphatic hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic moieties described above, such as phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, and the like. Such moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy amino, amide, eater and carbonyl moieties (e.g., aldehyde or ketonic moieties).
- a triazole compound suitable for use in the compositions of the present disclosure can be any triazole, including a substituted or unsubstituted triazole compound.
- the triazole compound is a 1,2,3-triazole compound.
- the triazole compound is a 1,2,4-triazole compound.
- the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole.
- the triazole compound can be substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety comprising a single ring or multiple rings, for example covalently linked rings.
- substituted aromatic moieties comprising covalently linked rings include biphenyl, 1,1′-binaphthyl, p,p′-bitolyl, biphenylenyl, and the like.
- the aryl moiety can comprise multiple fused rings.
- Non-limiting examples of aryl moieties comprising multiple fused rings include naphthyl, anthryl, pyrenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenalenyl, and the like.
- the aryl moiety can compose a single ring covalently linked to the triazole.
- aryl moieties comprising a single ring covalently linked to the triazole include phenyl and the like.
- the aryl moiety can comprise a single ring fused to the triazole.
- aryl moieties comprising a single ring fused to the triazole include benzotriazole and tolyltriazole.
- a commercially available triazole compound suitable for use herein is a tolyltriazole, which is a light brown powder having a melting point ranging from 80-83° C., a flashpoint of 182° C.; and a boiling point of 160° C.
- the triazole compound can ba present in the disclosed lubricant and additive compositions in any effective amount, which can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.
- the lubricating composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %, and for example from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.3 wt. % of the triazole compound, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the additive composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.48 wt. % to about 5 wt. % of the triazole compound, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.
- compositions cars also comprise at least one nitrogen containing compound.
- the nitrogen containing compound can be chosen from compounds represented by the formula (I), as described below, and alkylated phenothiazine compounds.
- the nitrogen-containing compound is chosen to be a compound of formula (I):
- R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms.
- R 0 , R 1 and R 2 can each independently be chosen from a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms.
- Non-limiting examples of nitrogen-containing compounds of Formula (I) that are suitable include: phenylamine; diphenylamine; triphenylamine; various alkylated phenylamines, diphenylamines and triphenylamines; N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)-alkylamine; 3-hydroxydiphenylamine; N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine; N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine; dibutyldiphenylamine; dioctyldiphenylamine; diheptyldiphenylamine; phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine; phenyl-beta-naphthylamine; diheptyldiphenylamine; and p-oriented styrenated diphenylamine.
- the nitrogen-containing compound can compose multiple nitrogen groups, provided that at least one nitrogen has at least one aryl group attached thereto, e.g., as in the case of various diamines having a secondary nitrogen atom as wall as an aryl attached to one of the nitrogens.
- diamines include N-Phenyl Phenylene Diamine adducts.
- the nitrogen containing compound is chosen to he an alkylated phenothiazine.
- suitable alkylated phenothiazines can include monotetradecylphenothiazine, ditetradecylphenothiazine, monodecylphenothiazine, didecylphenothiazine, monostyrylphenothiazine, dinonylphenothiazine, monoctylphenothiazine, dioctylphenothiazine, monobutylphenothiazine, dibutylphenothiazine, monostyrylphenothiazine, distyrylphenothizine, butyloctylphenothiazine, styryloctylphenothiazine.
- the nitrogen-containing compounds used herein can have antioxidant properties in the disclosed compositions when used alone or in combination as described herein.
- the nitrogen-containing compounds used herein should be soluble in a final lubricant composition.
- the amount of the nitrogen-containing compound in the additive and lubricant compositions can vary depending upon specific requirements and applications, in an embodiment, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.2 wt. % to about 1.2 wt. %, and for example from about 0.4 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, of the nitrogen-containing compound, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition. In another embodiment, the additive compositions of the present disclosure can comprise from about 2 wt. % to about 12 wt. % of the nitrogen-containing compound, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.
- the additive and lubricant compositions of the present application can comprise a metal containing detergent, referred to herein as “metal detergent,” with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5, such as from about 0.1 to about 1.4, or from about 0.15 to about 1.
- the metal detergent can include one or more compounds chosen from sulfonates, sulfurized phenates and salicylates.
- the metal detergent can be a neutral “soap” compound, such as a neutral sulfonate, neutral sulfurized phenate or neutral salicylate; or the detergent can be overdosed sulfonate, overbased sulfurized phenate or overbased salicylate; or a combination of both neutral and overbased compounds, such as one or more neutral sulfonates, neutral sulfurized phenates or neutral salicylates in combination with one or more overbased sulfonates, overbased sulfurized phenates or overbased salicylates.
- a neutral “soap” compound such as a neutral sulfonate, neutral sulfurized phenate or neutral salicylate
- the detergent can be overdosed sulfonate, overbased sulfurized phenate or overbased salicylate
- a combination of both neutral and overbased compounds such as one or more neutral sulfonates, neutral sulfurized phenates or neutral salicylates in combination with one or more overbased sulfonates, overbased
- Suitable neutral and overbased sulfonates, sulfurized phenates and salicylates are well known in the art, and any suitable sulfonates, sulfurized phenates arid salicylates can be employed in the compositions of the present disclosure.
- soap for purposes of tins disclosure means a neutral detergent compound that contains approximately the stoichiometric amount of metal to achieve the neutralization of the acidic group or groups present in the acid used to make the detergent.
- neutral sulfonates means metal salts of sulfonic acids, which salts contain approximately the stoichiometric amount of metal to achieve the neutralization of the acidic group or groups present in the acid.
- TBN is the amount of potassium hydroxide, in milligrams, that is equivalent to the unneutralized base found in the overbased detergent per gram of metal detergent.
- overbased detergent is a salt that contains significantly more than the stoichiometric amount of metal that would result in neutralization of the acid.
- Overbased detergents are well known in the art and any suitable overbased detergents can be employed.
- suitable overbased detergents include overbased sulfonates, such the calcium carbonate overbased calcium polyisobutenyl sulfonates and magnesium carbonate overbased magnesium polyisobutenyl sulfonates, such overbased sulfonates are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,137,184, issued to N. Bakker on Jan. 30, 1979, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- Overbased salicylates and sulfurized phenates are also well known in the art. Examples of well known overbased salicylates and sulfurized phenates are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,919,276, issued to Gareth Charles Jeffrey on Jul. 6, 1999, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- Detergents can be overbased to various TBN levels.
- the soap/TBN ratio can vary based upon the degree of overbasing.
- lubricant compositions that have soap/TBN ratios within relatively low ranges can be useful in the compositions of the present application.
- metal detergents that include higher amounts of soap, such as neutral sulfonate, in addition to the small amount of soap that may already be included in overbased detergents, are believed to provide additional benefits over the overbased detergents alone.
- compositions of the present application employing detergents having soap/TBN ratios of 0.1 or greater, such as 0.15 or greater, may provide improved antioxidant effects, reduction in viscosity increase over time of the lubricants during use, or may allow for loss antioxidant compounds, such as the nitrogen containing compounds described above, to be used in the additive and lubricant compositions.
- the metal detergent comprises at least one neutral sulfonate.
- the neutral sulfonates suitable for use in compositions of the present disclosure can be any neutral sulfonate compound provided that it is soluble in a lubricant composition.
- the neutral sulfonates can have the general formula (III),
- R 5 is a hydrocarbyl group and M is any of the Group I or Group II metals or lead which forms a salt with the sulfonic acid moiety.
- the hydrocarbyl group can be any hydrocarbyl that will render the sulfonate compound soluble in a lubricant.
- Suitable hydrocarbyl groups can be, for example, substantially saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbyl compounds containing from about 20 to 300 carbon atoms, such as from 50 to about 250.
- substantially saturated as used heresy means that at least about 95% of the carbon-to-carbon covalent linkages are saturated.
- suitable R 5 groups include polymers derived from olefins, such as polyisobutylene.
- Group I metals for the metal component M can include lithium, sodium and potassium; and the Group II metals can include magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and zinc. In some aspects of the invention, M is chosen from calcium and magnesium.
- neutral sulfonate compounds include, Calcium polyisobutyenyl sulfonate, magnesium polyisobutenyl sulfonate, and sodium polyisobutyenl sulfonate.
- sulfonate compounds include HiTEC H614 and HiTEC 615, both available from Afton Chemical Corporation.
- the neutral sulfonate, neutral sulfurized phenate and neutral salicylate compounds can be present in the disclosed lubricant and additive compositions in any effective amount, which can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.
- the lubricating composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.5 wt. % to about 2 wt. %, such as from about 0.8 wt. % to about 1.8 wt. % of the neutral sulfonate, neutral sulfurized phenate and/or neutral salicylate compounds, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the additive composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of the neutral sulfonate, neutral sulfurized phenate and/or neutral salicylate compounds, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.
- metal detergents including both neutral and overbased metal detergents
- suitable ranges for metal detergents in a lubricant composition can range from about 0.1 to about 15 wt. % based on the total weight of the composition, such as, for example, about 0.2 to about 8 wt. %.
- the anti-wear agents can be oil soluble phosphorus-containing compounds, such as, for example zinc dialkyldithiophosphate salts (ZDDP), which may be present in the additive and lubricant composition in an amount sufficient to provide from about 100 to about 1000 parts per million by weight of total phosphorus in a lubricant composition.
- ZDDP zinc dialkyldithiophosphate salts
- the phosphorus-containing compounds may be present in an amount sufficient to provide from about 600 to about 800 parts per million by weight of total phosphorus in a lubricant composition.
- the compositions can comprise various levels of at least one titanium-containing compound depending on the needs and requirements of the application.
- Base oils suitable for use in formulating the disclosed compositions can be selected from any of the synthetic or mineral oils or mixtures thereof.
- Mineral oils include animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil, lard oil) as well as other mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils derived from coal or shale are also suitable. Further, oils derived from a gas-to-liquid process are also suitable.
- the base oil can be present in a major amount, wherein “major amount” is understood to mean greater than or equal to 50%, for example from about 80 to about 98 percent by weight of the lubricant composition.
- the base oil typically has a viscosity of, for example, from about 2 to about 150 cSt and, as a further example, from about 5 to about 15 cSt at 100° C.
- the base oils can normally have a viscosity in the range of about SAE 15 to about SAE 250, and more usually can range from about SAE 20W to about SAE 50.
- Suitable automotive oils also include cross-grades such as 15W-40, 20W-50, 75W-140, 80W-90, 85W-140, 85W-90 and the like.
- Non-limiting, examples of synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes propylene isobutylene copolymers, etc.); polyalphaolefins such as poly(1-hexenes), poly-(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes), etc.
- hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes propylene isobutylene copolymers, etc.); polyalphaolefins such as poly(1-hexenes), poly-(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes), etc.
- alkylbenxenes e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, di-nonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes, etc.
- polyphenyls e.g., biphenyls, terphenyl, alkylated polyphenyls, etc.
- Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification, etherification, etc. constitute another class of known synthetic oils that can be used.
- Such oils are exemplified by the oils prepared through polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl-polyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of about 1000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 500-1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1000-1500, etc.) or mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof, for example, the acetic acid esters, mixed C 3-8 fatty acid esters, or the C 13 Oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol.
- esters of dicarboxylic acids e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alky; succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, etc.
- alcohols e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.
- these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecy
- Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from C 5-12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, etc.
- the base oil which can be used to make the compositions as described herein can be selected from any of the base oils in Groups I-V as specified in the American Petroleum institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeably Guidelines.
- API American Petroleum institute
- Group I contain less than 90% saturates and/or greater than 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120;
- Group II contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120;
- Group III contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity Index greater than or equal to 120;
- Group IV are polyalphaolefins (PAO); and Group V Include all other base oils not included in Group I, II, III or IV.
- PAO polyalphaolefins
- test methods used in defining the above groups are ASTM D2007 for saturates; ASTM D2270 for viscosity index; and one of ASTM D2622, 4294, 4927 and 3120 for sulfur.
- Group IV base oils i.e. polyalphaofefins (PAO) include hydrogenated oligomers of an alpha-olefin, the most important methods of oligomerisation being free radical processes, Ziegler catalysis, and canonic. Friedel-Crafts catalysis.
- PAO polyalphaofefins
- the polyalphaolefins typically have viscosities in the range of 2 to 100 cSt at 100° C., for example 4 to 8 cSt at 100° C. They can, for example, be oligomers of branched or straight chain alpha-olefins having from about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, non-limiting examples include polypropenes, polyisobutenes, poly-1-butenes, poly-1-hexenes, poly-1-octanes and poly-1-decene. Included are homopolymers, interpolymers and mixtures.
- a “Group I base oil” also includes a Group I base oil with which base oil(s) from one or more other groups can be admixed, provided that the resulting admixture has characteristics falling within those specified above for Group I base oils.
- Exemplary base oils include Group I base oils and mixtures of Group II base oils with Group I bright stock.
- Base oils suitable for use herein can be made using a variety of different processes including but not limited to distillation, solvent refining, hydrogen processing, oligomerisation, esterification, and re-refining.
- the base oil can be an oil derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons.
- Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons can be made from synthesis gas containing H 2 and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.
- Such hydrocarbons typically require further processing in order to be useful as the base oil.
- the hydrocarbons can be hydroisomerized using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,103,099 or 6,180,575; hydrocracked and hydroisomerized using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,943,672 or 6,096,940; dewaxed using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,882,505; or hydroisomerized and dewaxed using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,171; 6,080,301; or 6,165,949.
- Unrefined, refined and rerefined oils either mineral or synthetic (as well as mixtures of two or more of any of these) of the type disclosed hereinabove can be used in the base oils.
- Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a mineral or synthetic source without further purification treatment.
- a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations a petroleum oil obtained directly from primary distillation or ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment would be an unrefined oil.
- Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties.
- Rerefined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have been already used in service. Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and open are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives, contaminants, and oil breakdown products.
- compositions of the present application can contain concentrations of the various ingredients, including the optional additives and base oils disclosed above, that are effective for providing a desired result.
- concentrations of ingredients that can be employed in exemplary lubricant compositions of the present application are shown in range 1 and range 2 of Table 1, below:
- the term “delaying the onset of viscosity increase” is understood to mean delaying the start of an increase in the viscosity of a lubricant composition over a period of time due to the oxidation process, as compared to a composition that is devoid of the antioxidant compositions of the present application, including a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a metal detergent compound, as disclosed herein.
- the method of delaying the onset of viscosity increase in a lubricant composition can comprise providing to a machine a lubricant composition composing a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) at least one nitrogen-containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
- R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and (iii) a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
- a method of lubricating at least one moving pad of a machine comprises contacting the at least one moving part with a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of the disclosed additive composition.
- a method for operating a machine comprising adding a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of the disclosed additive composition.
- the machine in the disclosed methods can be selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression-ignition internal combustion engines.
- the at least one moving part can comprise a gear, piston, bearing, rod, spring, camshaft, crankshaft, and the like.
- the lubricant composition can be any composition that would be effective in lubricating a machine.
- the composition is selected from the group consisting of passenger car motor oils, medium speed diesel engine oils, and heavy duty diesel engine oils that comprise the additive compositions of the present disclosure.
- a lubricant composition according to the present application was formulated composing an antioxidant system, including a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, an aryl amine compound, and a metal detergent compound, in a base composition, as shown in Table 2.
- the triazole compound employed in Example Composition 1 was a commercially available tolyltriazole (Cobratec TT-100, PMC Specialties Group, Cincinnati, Ohio).
- the aryl amine compound was an alkylated diphenylamine (Hi-TEC® 7190, Afton Chemical Corporation, Richmond, Va.), and the metal detergent compound included a commercially available sulfonate (HiTEC® H614, Alton Chemical Corporation, Richmond, Va.).
- Comparative examples 2 to 4 were formulated without a triazole compound, as shown in Tables 3 to 5, using the same aryl amine and base composition as in Example 1.
- the amount of neutral sulfonate shown in Tables 2 to 5 is the amount added to the composition, excluding any neutral sulfonate that may have been included in the overbased metal detergents.
- the base compositions for Example Compositions 1, 2, 3 and 4 included typical lubricant additives, ouch as a dispersed system, corrosion inhibitor, metal dihydroarbyl dithiophosphate, antifoaming agent, friction modifier, supplemental antiwear agents, pour point depressant, viscosity modifier and base oil.
- the base composition was formulated with a base oil meeting the GF-4 standards set forth by the International Lubricants Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC), which in the instant example, was a SAE Grade 5W-30 type motor oil.
- IMSAC International Lubricants Standardization and Approval Committee
- compositions were also evaluated to determine increases in viscosity at 40° C. by well known methods in the art for measuring kinematic viscosity.
- the composition was sampled and analyzed every 20 hours. The greater the increase in viscosity, the less stable a particular lubricant composition is to oxidation. A lubricant composition that demonstrates a viscosity increase greater than 150% fails this criterion.
- Example Composition 1 comprising the disclosed antioxidant system demonstrated a WPD rating of 5.29 and a Viscosity increase of 111.2%.
- Example Composition 2 which was devoid of the disclosed composition demonstrated a WPD rating of 3.88 and a Viscosity increase of 232.3%.
- Example Composition 3 which was devoid of the disclosed composition, but included an increased amount of the aryl amine antioxidant as compared to the Example Composition 1, demonstrated a WPD rating of 3.98 and a viscosity increase of 129%.
- Example Composition 4 which was also devoid of the disclosed composition, demonstrated a WPD rating of 2.97 and a viscosity increase of 148.5%.
- the disclosed composition surprisingly and significantly reduces piston deposits with reduced increase in kinematic viscosity for lubricant compositions, while allowing lower amounts of the aryl amine antioxidant nitrogen containing compounds to be employed.
- the reduction in aryl amine antioxidant compounds can be seen as an improvement, as these compounds are expensive and increase the cost of the additive and lubricant compositions.
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Abstract
There is disclosed a lubricant composition comprising major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; ana (iii) a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
Description
- 1. Field of the Disclosure
- The present disclosure is directed to additive and lubricant compositions and methods for use thereof.
- 2. Background of the Disclosure
- Lubricating oils as used in the internal combustion engines and transmissions of automobiles or trucks are subjected to a demanding environment during use. This environment results in oxidation of the oil which is catalyzed by the presence of impurities in the oil, and is also promoted by the elevated temperatures of the oil during use.
- The oxidation of lubricating oils contributes to the formation of sludge in oils and the breakdown of viscosity characteristics of the lubricant. The oxidation is often controlled to some extent by selecting the proper antioxidant additives thereby significantly improving the life of the lubricating oils. Antioxidant additives can extend the useful life of the lubricating oil by, for example, reducing or preventing unacceptable viscosity increases and/or deposit formation.
- Additionally, protecting the metal surface of an engine against wear degradation by selecting the proper balance of antiwear agents in a lubricating composition can significantly increase the life of the metal surface. Antiwear agents form a thin film on metal surfaces which prevents metal to metal contact, resulting in a decrease in the amount of wear. A well-known and commonly used antiwear agent is zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP).
- However, the demanding environment in which lubricating oils are subjected, including high temperatures and/or high pressures, decompose ZDDP in a lubricating oil composition. Studies have shown that some exhaust emission catalysts may be deactivated by phosphorus, largely derived from ZDDP compounds which have been the mainstay antiwear agents in passenger car motor oil and heavy duty diesel formulations for the past 50 years. Consequently, future engine oils will contain reduced phosphorus levels. Furthermore, as ZDDP decomposes and releases zinc molecules, these zinc molecules are capable of reacting with other performance additives present in the lubricating composition, creating sludge and other particulate matter that can cause adverse effects on engine performance. These undesirable effects of oxidation present problems in meeting ever more severe engine performance requirements.
- Simply lowering the amount of phosphorus containing compounds, such as ZDDP, is not a practical solution to the problem because of the accompanying reduction of antiwear properties. Therefore, it would be desirable for a lubricating oil composition to comprise reduced phosphorus containing compound concentrations while also containing improved additives mat reduce the oxidative degradation of lubricating oils.
- In accordance with the disclosure, there is provided an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
- wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and (iii) a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
- In an aspect, there is also provided a lubricant composition comprising a a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I).
- wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and (iii) a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
- Moreover, there is provided a method of delaying the onset of viscosity increase in a lubricant composition, said method comprising providing to a machine a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
- wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and (iii) a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a method of lubricating at least one moving part of a machine. The method comprises contacting the at least one moving pad with a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of an additive composition. The additive composition comprises a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
- wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
- Further, there is provided a method for operating a machine, said method comprising adding to the machine a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
- wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and (iii) a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
- Additional advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and/or can be learned by practice of the disclosure. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure, as claimed.
- The present disclosure generally relates to an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
- wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphors, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5. The present application is also directed to a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of the above described additive composition.
- As used herein, the term “major amount” is understood to mean an amount greater than or equal to 50 wt. % for example from about 80 to about 98 wt. % relative to the total weight of the composition. Moreover, as used herein, the term “minor amount” is understood to mean en amount less than 50 wt. % relative to the total weight of the composition.
- As used herein “aromatic” or “aryl”, unless expressly stated otherwise, refers to substituted or unsubstituted non-aliphatic hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic moieties of this class, e.g., a polyunsaturated, typically aromatic, cyclical hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclic substituent, which can have a single ring or multiple rings (up to three rings) that are fused together or linked covalently. Examples of hydrocarbyl aromatic moieties include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenalenyl, and the like. Such moieties are optionally substituted with one or more hydrocarbyl substituents. Also included are aryl moieties substituted by other aryl moieties, such as biphenyl. Heterocyclic aryl or aromatic moieties refers to unsaturated cyclical moieties containing carbon atoms in the ring and additionally one or more hetero atoms, such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and/or phosphorus. Examples of suitable heterocyclic aryl or aromatic moieties include pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, pyranyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, etc. Such moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, amino, amide, ester moieties and carbonyl moieties (e.g., aldehyde or ketonic moieties).
- As used herein, “alkaryl” unless expressly stated otherwise, refers to an alkyl group substituted by any of the substituted or unsubstituted non-aliphatic hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic moieties described above, such as phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, and the like. Such moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy amino, amide, eater and carbonyl moieties (e.g., aldehyde or ketonic moieties).
- As used herein the terms “hydrocarbon” , “hydrocarbyl” or “hydrocarbon based” mean that the group being described has predominantly hydrocarbon character within the context of this invention. These include groups that are purely hydrocarbon in nature, that is, they contain only carbon and hydrogen. They may also include groups containing substituents or atoms which do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the group. Such substituents may include halo-, alkoxy-, nitro-, etc. These groups also may contain hetero atoms. Suitable hetero atoms will be apparent to those shied in the art and include, for example, sulfur, nitrogen see oxygen. Therefore, while remaining predominantly hydrocarbon in character within the context of this invention, these groups may contain atoms other than carbon present in a chain or ring otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
- A triazole compound suitable for use in the compositions of the present disclosure can be any triazole, including a substituted or unsubstituted triazole compound. In some embodiments the triazole compound is a 1,2,3-triazole compound. In other embodiments the triazole compound is a 1,2,4-triazole compound. In an embodiment the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole.
- As an example, the triazole compound can be substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety comprising a single ring or multiple rings, for example covalently linked rings. Non-limiting examples of substituted aromatic moieties comprising covalently linked rings include biphenyl, 1,1′-binaphthyl, p,p′-bitolyl, biphenylenyl, and the like. As another example, the aryl moiety can comprise multiple fused rings. Non-limiting examples of aryl moieties comprising multiple fused rings include naphthyl, anthryl, pyrenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenalenyl, and the like. As a further example, the aryl moiety can compose a single ring covalently linked to the triazole. Non-limiting examples of aryl moieties comprising a single ring covalently linked to the triazole include phenyl and the like. As another example, the aryl moiety can comprise a single ring fused to the triazole. Non-limiting examples of aryl moieties comprising a single ring fused to the triazole include benzotriazole and tolyltriazole. An example of a commercially available triazole compound suitable for use herein is a tolyltriazole, which is a light brown powder having a melting point ranging from 80-83° C., a flashpoint of 182° C.; and a boiling point of 160° C.
- In an embodiment, the triazole compound can be represented by formula (II) below:
- wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 24 carton atoms, and wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and a substituted hydrocarbyl moiety. In another embodiment, R3 and R4 of the triazole compound represented by formula (II) can each independently comprise from about 1 to about 16 carton atoms.
- The triazole compound can ba present in the disclosed lubricant and additive compositions in any effective amount, which can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. In an embodiment, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %, and for example from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.3 wt. % of the triazole compound, relative to the total weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the additive composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.48 wt. % to about 5 wt. % of the triazole compound, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.
- The disclosed compositions cars also comprise at least one nitrogen containing compound. The nitrogen containing compound can be chosen from compounds represented by the formula (I), as described below, and alkylated phenothiazine compounds.
- In one aspect of the present application, the nitrogen-containing compound is chosen to be a compound of formula (I):
- wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms. For example, R0, R1 and R2 can each independently be chosen from a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of suitable aryl groups include phenyl, benzyl, and naphthyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable substituents for the aryl groups include alkyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine and nitro moieties. Examples of alkyl substituted aryl groups include benzyl, phenyl and naphthyl groups substituted with one or more alkyl groups, wherein the alkyl groups comprise from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, such as from about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms. As another example, R0, R1 and R2 can each independently be chosen from alkyl substituted benzyl, phenyl, and naphthyl groups. In another example, at least one of R0, R1 and R2 is hydrogen.
- Non-limiting examples of nitrogen-containing compounds of Formula (I) that are suitable include: phenylamine; diphenylamine; triphenylamine; various alkylated phenylamines, diphenylamines and triphenylamines; N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)-alkylamine; 3-hydroxydiphenylamine; N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine; N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine; dibutyldiphenylamine; dioctyldiphenylamine; diheptyldiphenylamine; phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine; phenyl-beta-naphthylamine; diheptyldiphenylamine; and p-oriented styrenated diphenylamine. Additional non-limiting examples of suitable nitrogen-containing compounds and their methods of preparation include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,218,576, which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference. In one embodiment, the nitrogen containing compound is an alkylated diphenylamine.
- In some aspects of the present application, the nitrogen-containing compound can compose multiple nitrogen groups, provided that at least one nitrogen has at least one aryl group attached thereto, e.g., as in the case of various diamines having a secondary nitrogen atom as wall as an aryl attached to one of the nitrogens. Examples of such diamines include N-Phenyl Phenylene Diamine adducts.
- In one aspect of the present application, the nitrogen containing compound is chosen to he an alkylated phenothiazine. Examples of suitable alkylated phenothiazines can include monotetradecylphenothiazine, ditetradecylphenothiazine, monodecylphenothiazine, didecylphenothiazine, monostyrylphenothiazine, dinonylphenothiazine, monoctylphenothiazine, dioctylphenothiazine, monobutylphenothiazine, dibutylphenothiazine, monostyrylphenothiazine, distyrylphenothizine, butyloctylphenothiazine, styryloctylphenothiazine. Other suitable examples of known alkylated phenothiazine compounds are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,599,865 issued Jul. 29, 2003 to Carl K. Esche, Jr. et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,614,124, issued Mar. 25, 1997 to Carl K. Esche, Jr. et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,797,677 issued Sep. 28, 2004 to Carl K. Esche, Jr. et al., the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- The nitrogen-containing compounds used herein can have antioxidant properties in the disclosed compositions when used alone or in combination as described herein. The nitrogen-containing compounds used herein should be soluble in a final lubricant composition.
- The amount of the nitrogen-containing compound in the additive and lubricant compositions can vary depending upon specific requirements and applications, in an embodiment, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.2 wt. % to about 1.2 wt. %, and for example from about 0.4 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, of the nitrogen-containing compound, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition. In another embodiment, the additive compositions of the present disclosure can comprise from about 2 wt. % to about 12 wt. % of the nitrogen-containing compound, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.
- The additive and lubricant compositions of the present application can comprise a metal containing detergent, referred to herein as “metal detergent,” with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5, such as from about 0.1 to about 1.4, or from about 0.15 to about 1. The metal detergent can include one or more compounds chosen from sulfonates, sulfurized phenates and salicylates. The metal detergent can be a neutral “soap” compound, such as a neutral sulfonate, neutral sulfurized phenate or neutral salicylate; or the detergent can be overdosed sulfonate, overbased sulfurized phenate or overbased salicylate; or a combination of both neutral and overbased compounds, such as one or more neutral sulfonates, neutral sulfurized phenates or neutral salicylates in combination with one or more overbased sulfonates, overbased sulfurized phenates or overbased salicylates. Suitable neutral and overbased sulfonates, sulfurized phenates and salicylates are well known in the art, and any suitable sulfonates, sulfurized phenates arid salicylates can be employed in the compositions of the present disclosure.
- The phrase “soap/TBN ratio” is defined herein as the ratio of moles of soap compounds to the total base number (“TBN”) of the metal detergents employed in the additive or lubricant composition. Thus, the higher the soap content in the metal detergent, the higher the soap/TBN ratio of the metal detergent.
- The term “soap” for purposes of tins disclosure means a neutral detergent compound that contains approximately the stoichiometric amount of metal to achieve the neutralization of the acidic group or groups present in the acid used to make the detergent. For example, the term “neutral sulfonates,” as used herein, means metal salts of sulfonic acids, which salts contain approximately the stoichiometric amount of metal to achieve the neutralization of the acidic group or groups present in the acid. “TBN” is the amount of potassium hydroxide, in milligrams, that is equivalent to the unneutralized base found in the overbased detergent per gram of metal detergent.
- The term “neutral” is used to distinguish from “overbased” detergent, which is a salt that contains significantly more than the stoichiometric amount of metal that would result in neutralization of the acid. Overbased detergents are well known in the art and any suitable overbased detergents can be employed. Examples of suitable overbased detergents include overbased sulfonates, such the calcium carbonate overbased calcium polyisobutenyl sulfonates and magnesium carbonate overbased magnesium polyisobutenyl sulfonates, such overbased sulfonates are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,137,184, issued to N. Bakker on Jan. 30, 1979, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Overbased salicylates and sulfurized phenates are also well known in the art. Examples of well known overbased salicylates and sulfurized phenates are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,919,276, issued to Gareth Charles Jeffrey on Jul. 6, 1999, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- Detergents can be overbased to various TBN levels. Thus, the soap/TBN ratio can vary based upon the degree of overbasing. In some aspects, lubricant compositions that have soap/TBN ratios within relatively low ranges can be useful in the compositions of the present application. However, metal detergents that include higher amounts of soap, such as neutral sulfonate, in addition to the small amount of soap that may already be included in overbased detergents, are believed to provide additional benefits over the overbased detergents alone. For example, in the compositions of the present application, employing detergents having soap/TBN ratios of 0.1 or greater, such as 0.15 or greater, may provide improved antioxidant effects, reduction in viscosity increase over time of the lubricants during use, or may allow for loss antioxidant compounds, such as the nitrogen containing compounds described above, to be used in the additive and lubricant compositions.
- In one aspect of the present disclosure, the metal detergent comprises at least one neutral sulfonate. The neutral sulfonates suitable for use in compositions of the present disclosure can be any neutral sulfonate compound provided that it is soluble in a lubricant composition. In one aspect of the present application, the neutral sulfonates can have the general formula (III),
-
R5—SO3M (III) - where R5 is a hydrocarbyl group and M is any of the Group I or Group II metals or lead which forms a salt with the sulfonic acid moiety.
- The hydrocarbyl group can be any hydrocarbyl that will render the sulfonate compound soluble in a lubricant. Suitable hydrocarbyl groups can be, for example, substantially saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbyl compounds containing from about 20 to 300 carbon atoms, such as from 50 to about 250. The term “substantially saturated,” as used heresy means that at least about 95% of the carbon-to-carbon covalent linkages are saturated. Examples of suitable R5 groups include polymers derived from olefins, such as polyisobutylene.
- Group I metals for the metal component M can include lithium, sodium and potassium; and the Group II metals can include magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and zinc. In some aspects of the invention, M is chosen from calcium and magnesium.
- Examples of suitable neutral sulfonate compounds include, Calcium polyisobutyenyl sulfonate, magnesium polyisobutenyl sulfonate, and sodium polyisobutyenl sulfonate. Examples of commercially available sulfonate compounds include HiTEC H614 and HiTEC 615, both available from Afton Chemical Corporation.
- The neutral sulfonate, neutral sulfurized phenate and neutral salicylate compounds can be present in the disclosed lubricant and additive compositions in any effective amount, which can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. In one example, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.5 wt. % to about 2 wt. %, such as from about 0.8 wt. % to about 1.8 wt. % of the neutral sulfonate, neutral sulfurized phenate and/or neutral salicylate compounds, relative to the total weight of the composition. In another example, the additive composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of the neutral sulfonate, neutral sulfurized phenate and/or neutral salicylate compounds, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.
- Determining the total amount of metal detergents, including both neutral and overbased metal detergents, is well within the ordinary skill of the art. Examples of suitable ranges for metal detergents in a lubricant composition can range from about 0.1 to about 15 wt. % based on the total weight of the composition, such as, for example, about 0.2 to about 8 wt. %.
- The additive and lubricant compositions disclosed herein can optionally contain additives, such as anti-wear agents, dispersants, ashless-detergents, pour point depressing agents, viscosity index modifiers, ash-containing friction modifiers, ashless friction modifiers, nitrogen-containing friction modifiers, nitrogen-free friction modifiers, esterified friction modifiers, extreme pressure agents, rust inhibitors, supplemental antioxidants in addition to those described above, corrosion inhibitors, anti-foam agents, titanium compounds, titanium complexes, organic soluble molybdenum compounds, organic soluble molybdenum complexes, boron-containing compounds, boron-containing complexes, and combinations thereof. In an aspect, the anti-wear agents can be oil soluble phosphorus-containing compounds, such as, for example zinc dialkyldithiophosphate salts (ZDDP), which may be present in the additive and lubricant composition in an amount sufficient to provide from about 100 to about 1000 parts per million by weight of total phosphorus in a lubricant composition. In another aspect, the phosphorus-containing compounds may be present in an amount sufficient to provide from about 600 to about 800 parts per million by weight of total phosphorus in a lubricant composition. In yet another aspect, the compositions can comprise various levels of at least one titanium-containing compound depending on the needs and requirements of the application.
- Base oils suitable for use in formulating the disclosed compositions can be selected from any of the synthetic or mineral oils or mixtures thereof. Mineral oils include animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil, lard oil) as well as other mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils derived from coal or shale are also suitable. Further, oils derived from a gas-to-liquid process are also suitable.
- The base oil can be present in a major amount, wherein “major amount” is understood to mean greater than or equal to 50%, for example from about 80 to about 98 percent by weight of the lubricant composition.
- The base oil typically has a viscosity of, for example, from about 2 to about 150 cSt and, as a further example, from about 5 to about 15 cSt at 100° C. Thus, the base oils can normally have a viscosity in the range of about SAE 15 to about SAE 250, and more usually can range from about SAE 20W to about SAE 50. Suitable automotive oils also include cross-grades such as 15W-40, 20W-50, 75W-140, 80W-90, 85W-140, 85W-90 and the like.
- Non-limiting, examples of synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes propylene isobutylene copolymers, etc.); polyalphaolefins such as poly(1-hexenes), poly-(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes), etc. and mixtures thereof; alkylbenxenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, di-nonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes, etc.); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyl, alkylated polyphenyls, etc.); alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivatives, analogs and homology thereof and the like.
- Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification, etherification, etc. constitute another class of known synthetic oils that can be used. Such oils are exemplified by the oils prepared through polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl-polyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of about 1000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 500-1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1000-1500, etc.) or mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof, for example, the acetic acid esters, mixed C3-8 fatty acid esters, or the C13 Oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol.
- Another class of synthetic oils that can be used includes the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alky; succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, etc.) with a variety of alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.) Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of senses, acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and the like.
- Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from C5-12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, etc.
- Hence, the base oil which can be used to make the compositions as described herein can be selected from any of the base oils in Groups I-V as specified in the American Petroleum institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeably Guidelines. Such base oil croups are as follows:
- Group I contain less than 90% saturates and/or greater than 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120; Group II contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120; Group III contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity Index greater than or equal to 120; Group IV are polyalphaolefins (PAO); and Group V Include all other base oils not included in Group I, II, III or IV.
- The test methods used in defining the above groups are ASTM D2007 for saturates; ASTM D2270 for viscosity index; and one of ASTM D2622, 4294, 4927 and 3120 for sulfur.
- Group IV base oils, i.e. polyalphaofefins (PAO) include hydrogenated oligomers of an alpha-olefin, the most important methods of oligomerisation being free radical processes, Ziegler catalysis, and canonic. Friedel-Crafts catalysis.
- The polyalphaolefins typically have viscosities in the range of 2 to 100 cSt at 100° C., for example 4 to 8 cSt at 100° C. They can, for example, be oligomers of branched or straight chain alpha-olefins having from about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, non-limiting examples include polypropenes, polyisobutenes, poly-1-butenes, poly-1-hexenes, poly-1-octanes and poly-1-decene. Included are homopolymers, interpolymers and mixtures.
- Regarding the balance of the base oil referred to above, a “Group I base oil” also includes a Group I base oil with which base oil(s) from one or more other groups can be admixed, provided that the resulting admixture has characteristics falling within those specified above for Group I base oils.
- Exemplary base oils include Group I base oils and mixtures of Group II base oils with Group I bright stock.
- Base oils suitable for use herein can be made using a variety of different processes including but not limited to distillation, solvent refining, hydrogen processing, oligomerisation, esterification, and re-refining.
- The base oil can be an oil derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons. Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons can be made from synthesis gas containing H2 and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. Such hydrocarbons typically require further processing in order to be useful as the base oil. For example, the hydrocarbons can be hydroisomerized using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,103,099 or 6,180,575; hydrocracked and hydroisomerized using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,943,672 or 6,096,940; dewaxed using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,882,505; or hydroisomerized and dewaxed using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,171; 6,080,301; or 6,165,949.
- Unrefined, refined and rerefined oils, either mineral or synthetic (as well as mixtures of two or more of any of these) of the type disclosed hereinabove can be used in the base oils. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a mineral or synthetic source without further purification treatment. For example, a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations, a petroleum oil obtained directly from primary distillation or ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment would be an unrefined oil. Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques are known to those skilled in the art such as solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation, etc. Rerefined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have been already used in service. Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and open are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives, contaminants, and oil breakdown products.
- Any concentrations of the various ingredients, including the optional additives and base oils disclosed above, that are effective for providing a desired result can be contained in the compositions of the present application. Non-limiting representative concentrations of ingredients that can be employed in exemplary lubricant compositions of the present application are shown in range 1 and range 2 of Table 1, below:
-
TABLE 1 Wt. % Wt. % Additive Range 1 Range 2 Antioxidant system 0-5 0.01-3 Corrision Inhibitor 0-5 0-2 Metal Dihydrocarby 0.1-6 0.1-4 Dithiophosphate Antifoaming Agent 0-5 0.001-0.15 Friction Modifier 0-5 0-2 Supplemental Antiwear 0-1.0 0-0.8 Agents Pour Point Depressant 0.01-5 0.01-1.5 Viscosity Modifier 0.01-10 0.25-7 Base Oil Balance Balance - According to various other aspects of the present application, there is disclosed a method of delaying the onset of viscosity increase in a lubricant composition. As used herein, the term “delaying the onset of viscosity increase” is understood to mean delaying the start of an increase in the viscosity of a lubricant composition over a period of time due to the oxidation process, as compared to a composition that is devoid of the antioxidant compositions of the present application, including a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a metal detergent compound, as disclosed herein. The method of delaying the onset of viscosity increase in a lubricant composition can comprise providing to a machine a lubricant composition composing a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) at least one nitrogen-containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
- wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and (iii) a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
- According to various embodiments, there is also disclosed a method of lubricating at least one moving pad of a machine. As used herein, “at least one moving part of a machine” is understood to mean at least one pad of a machine which is capable of being in motion, including a gear, piston, bearing, rod, spring, camshaft, crankshaft, and the like. The method of lubricating at least one moving part of a machine comprises contacting the at least one moving part with a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of the disclosed additive composition. In other embodiments, there is also disclosed a method for operating a machine comprising adding a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of the disclosed additive composition.
- The machine in the disclosed methods can be selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression-ignition internal combustion engines. Moreover, the at least one moving part can comprise a gear, piston, bearing, rod, spring, camshaft, crankshaft, and the like.
- The lubricant composition can be any composition that would be effective in lubricating a machine. In an aspect, the composition is selected from the group consisting of passenger car motor oils, medium speed diesel engine oils, and heavy duty diesel engine oils that comprise the additive compositions of the present disclosure.
- The following examples are illustrative of the invention and its advantageous properties. In these examples, as well as elsewhere in this application, all parts and percentages are by weight of the composition, unless otherwise indicated.
- A lubricant composition according to the present application was formulated composing an antioxidant system, including a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, an aryl amine compound, and a metal detergent compound, in a base composition, as shown in Table 2. The triazole compound employed in Example Composition 1 was a commercially available tolyltriazole (Cobratec TT-100, PMC Specialties Group, Cincinnati, Ohio). The aryl amine compound was an alkylated diphenylamine (Hi-TEC® 7190, Afton Chemical Corporation, Richmond, Va.), and the metal detergent compound included a commercially available sulfonate (HiTEC® H614, Alton Chemical Corporation, Richmond, Va.).
- Comparative examples 2 to 4 were formulated without a triazole compound, as shown in Tables 3 to 5, using the same aryl amine and base composition as in Example 1. The amount of neutral sulfonate shown in Tables 2 to 5 is the amount added to the composition, excluding any neutral sulfonate that may have been included in the overbased metal detergents.
-
TABLE 2 Example Composition 1 COMPONENT Wt. % Triazole 0.2 Aryl amine 0.4 Metal detergnets 3.3 (Soap/TBN ratio = 0.175) Base composition Remainder WPD Rating 5.29 Viscosity Increase 111.2% -
TABLE 3 Comparative Example Composition 2 COMPONENT Wt. % Triazole — Aryl amine 0.4 Metal detergents 1.8 (Soap/TBN ratio = 0.08) Base composition Remainder WPD Rating 3.88 Viscosity Increase 232.3% -
TABLE 4 Comparative Example Composition 3 COMPONENT Wt. % Triazole — Aryl amine 0.8 Metal detergents 1.8 (Soap/TBN ratio = 0.08) Base composition Remainder WPD Rating 3.98 Viscosity Increase 129% -
TABLE 5 Comparative Example Composition 4 COMPONENT Wt. % Triazole — Aryl amine 0.4 Metal detergents 3.3 (Soap/TBN = 0.175) Base composition Remainder WPD Rating 2.97 Viscosity Increase 148.5% - The base compositions for Example Compositions 1, 2, 3 and 4 included typical lubricant additives, ouch as a dispersed system, corrosion inhibitor, metal dihydroarbyl dithiophosphate, antifoaming agent, friction modifier, supplemental antiwear agents, pour point depressant, viscosity modifier and base oil. The base composition was formulated with a base oil meeting the GF-4 standards set forth by the International Lubricants Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC), which in the instant example, was a SAE Grade 5W-30 type motor oil.
- Sequence IIIG engine tests were performed on Example Composition 1 and Comparative Example Compositions 2, 3 and 4 using a 1996/1997 231 CID (3,800 cc) Series II General Motors V-6 fuel-injected gasoline engine. The used compositions were evaluated to determine degree of piston deposits during high temperature conditions. The degree of piston deposits was measured in terms of a weighted piston deposit (WPD) rating. The WPD rating was determined by inspection of all 6 pistons for deposit and varnish residue. The degree of piston deposit formation was evaluated according to a cleanliness code numbering 1 through 10, with 10 being considered clean. The “weighted piston deposit” result is an average of cleanliness ratings for all 6 pistons. A higher WPD rating demonstrates lower piston deposit formation and less oxidative degradation that a particular composition suffers in an engine.
- The used compositions were also evaluated to determine increases in viscosity at 40° C. by well known methods in the art for measuring kinematic viscosity. The composition was sampled and analyzed every 20 hours. The greater the increase in viscosity, the less stable a particular lubricant composition is to oxidation. A lubricant composition that demonstrates a viscosity increase greater than 150% fails this criterion.
- The results demonstrated the advantage of using the disclosed composition to delay the onset of viscosity increase in a lubricant composition. As shown by the foregoing example, Example Composition 1 comprising the disclosed antioxidant system demonstrated a WPD rating of 5.29 and a Viscosity increase of 111.2%. In comparison, Example Composition 2 which was devoid of the disclosed composition demonstrated a WPD rating of 3.88 and a Viscosity increase of 232.3%. Example Composition 3, which was devoid of the disclosed composition, but included an increased amount of the aryl amine antioxidant as compared to the Example Composition 1, demonstrated a WPD rating of 3.98 and a viscosity increase of 129%. Example Composition 4, which was also devoid of the disclosed composition, demonstrated a WPD rating of 2.97 and a viscosity increase of 148.5%. Thus, it can be seen that the disclosed composition surprisingly and significantly reduces piston deposits with reduced increase in kinematic viscosity for lubricant compositions, while allowing lower amounts of the aryl amine antioxidant nitrogen containing compounds to be employed. The reduction in aryl amine antioxidant compounds can be seen as an improvement, as these compounds are expensive and increase the cost of the additive and lubricant compositions.
- It is intended that the examples are being presented for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention disclosed herein. As would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, the particular ingredients employed and the concentrations of the ingredients can older from these used in the examples.
- It is noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the,” include plural referents unless expressly and unequivocally limited to one referent. Thus, for example, reference to “an antioxidant” includes two or more different antioxidants. As used herein, the term “include” and its grammatical variants are intended to be non-limiting, such that recitation of items in a list is not to the exclusion of other like items that can be substituted or added to the listed items.
- For the purposes of this specification and appended claims, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages or proportions, and other numerical values used in the specification and claims, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present disclosure. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
- White particular embodiments nave been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are or can be presently unforeseen can arise to applicants or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims as filed and as they can be amended are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents.
Claims (45)
1. An additive composition comprising:
i. a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety;
ii. at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and
iii. a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
2. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the triazole compound is substituted with a substituted aryl moiety comprising multiple rings.
3. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the triazole compound is substituted with a substituted aryl moiety comprising a single ring.
4. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the triazole compound is represented by the formula (II):
wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and a substituted hydrocarbyl moiety.
5. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen containing compound is a compound of Formula I, wherein two of the R0, R1 and R2 groups are phenyl groups.
6. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen containing compound is an alkylated diphenylamine.
7. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen containing compound is an alkylated phenothiazine.
8. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the soap/TBN ratio ranges from about 0.1 to about 1.4.
9. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the soap/TBN ratio ranges from about 0.15 to about 1.
10. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the detergent comprises at least one neutral sulfonate compound.
11. The additive composition of claim 10 , wherein the neutral sulfonate compound is present in an amount ranging from about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, based on the weight of the additive composition.
12. The additive composition of claim 10 , wherein the neutral sulfonate compound is a compound of the formula III:
R5—SO3M (III)
R5—SO3M (III)
where R5 is a hydrocarbyl group and M is an element chosen from Group I or Group II metals or lead.
13. The additive composition of claim 12 , wherein R5 is a substantially saturated, aliphatic compound containing from about 20 to 300 carbon atoms.
14. The additive composition of claim 12 , wherein R5 is polyisobutylene.
15. The additive composition of claim 12 , wherein M is chosen from lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and zinc.
16. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the triazole compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.48 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, based on the weight of the additive composition.
17. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is present in an amount ranging from about 2 wt. % to about 12 wt. %, based on the weight of the additive composition.
18. The additive composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-containing compounds, dispersants, ashless-detergents, pour point depressing agents, viscosity index improving agents, ash-containing friction modifier, ashless friction modifier, nitrogen-containing friction modifier, nitrogen-free friction modifier, esterified friction modifier, extreme pressure agents, rust inhibitors, supplemental antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, anti-foam agents, titanium compounds, titanium complexes, organic soluble molybdenum compounds, organic soluble molybdenum complexes, boron-containing compounds, and boron-containing complexes.
19. The additive composition of claim 1 , further comprising an oil soluble phosphorus compound having a concentration ranging from about 100 to about 1000 ppm.
20 A lubricant composition comprising:
a major amount of a base oil; and
a minor amount of an additive composition comprising,
i. a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety;
ii. at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and
iii. a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
21. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , wherein the triazole compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %, based on the weight of the lubricant composition.
22. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , wherein the triazole compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.3 wt. %, based on the weight of the lubricant composition.
23. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.2 wt. % to about 1.2 wt. %, based on the weight of the lubricant composition.
24. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.4 wt.% to about 1.0 wt. %, based on the weight of the lubricant composition.
25. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , wherein the metal detergent comprises a neutral sulfonate compound, wherein the neutral sulfonate compound is present in the lubricant composition in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt. % to about 2.0 wt. %, based on the weight of the lubricant composition.
26. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-containing compounds, dispersants, ashless-detergents, pour point depressing agents, viscosity index improving agents, ash-containing friction modifier, ashless friction modifier, nitrogen-containing friction modifier, nitrogen-free friction modifier, esterified friction modifier, extreme pressure agents, rust inhibitors, supplemental antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, ana-foam agents, titanium compounds, titanium complexes, organic soluble molybdenum compounds, organic soluble molybdenum complexes, boron-containing compounds, and boron-containing complexes.
27. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , wherein the lubricant composition is selected from the group consisting of passenger oar motor oil, medium speed diesel engine oil, and heavy duty diesel engine oil.
28. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , further comprising at least one titanium compound.
29. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , further comprising a phosphorus-containing compound in an amount ranging from about 100 to about 1000 ppm of total phosphorus in a lubricant composition.
30. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , further comprising a phosphorus-containing compound in an amount ranging from about 600 to about 800 ppm of total phosphorus in a lubricant composition.
31. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , wherein the nitrogen containing compound is a compound of Formula I, wherein two of the R0, R1 and R2 groups are phenyl groups.
32. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , wherein the nitrogen containing compound is an alkylated diphenylamine.
33. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , wherein the nitrogen containing compound is an alkylated phenothiazine.
34. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , wherein the soap/TBN ratio ranges from about 0.1 to about 1.4.
35. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , wherein the detergent comprises at least one neutral sulfonate compound.
36. The lubricant composition of claim 20 , wherein the detergent comprises at least one neutral sulfonate compound of the formula III:
R5—SO3M (III)
R5—SO3M (III)
where R5 is a hydrocarbyl group and M is an element chosen from Group I or Group II metals or lead.
37. The lubricant composition of claim 36 , wherein R5 is a substantially saturated, aliphatic compound containing from about 20 to 300 carbon atoms.
38. The lubricant composition of claim 36 , wherein is polyisobutylene.
39. The lubricant composition of claim 36 , wherein M is chosen from lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and zinc.
40. A method of delaying the onset of viscosity increase in a lubricant composition, said method comprising:
providing to a machine a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising
i. a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety;
ii. at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and
iii. a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
41. The method of claim 40 , wherein the machine is selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression-ignition internal combustion engines.
42. A method of lubricating at least one moving pad of a machine, said method comprising:
contacting the at least one moving part with a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising,
i. a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety;
ii. at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from en alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and
iii. a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
43. The method of claim 42 , wherein the machine is selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression-ignition internal combustion engines.
44. A method of operating a machine comprising:
adding to the machine a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising
i. a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety;
ii. at least one nitrogen containing compound chosen from an alkylated phenothiazine and a compound represented by the formula (I):
wherein R0, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono, with the proviso that at least one of R0, R1 and R2 are chosen to be an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; and
iii. a metal detergent with a soap/TBN ratio ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.5.
45. The method of claim 44 , wherein the machine is selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression-ignition internal combustion engines.
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/749,567 US20080287328A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 | 2007-05-16 | Lubricating composition |
DE102008022483A DE102008022483A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 | 2008-05-07 | lubricant composition |
JP2008124492A JP2008285674A (en) | 2007-05-16 | 2008-05-12 | Lubricating composition |
CA002631211A CA2631211A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 | 2008-05-14 | Lubricating composition |
FR0853111A FR2919302A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 | 2008-05-14 | ADDITIVE COMPOSITIONS AND LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS |
CNA2008101287249A CN101307268A (en) | 2007-05-16 | 2008-05-15 | Lubricating composition |
GB0808983A GB2449363B (en) | 2007-05-16 | 2008-05-16 | Lubricating composition |
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US11/749,567 US20080287328A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 | 2007-05-16 | Lubricating composition |
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EP2420552B1 (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2017-12-20 | Infineum International Limited | Use of phenothiazine derivatives in lubricating oil compositions in EGR equipped diesel engines |
CN108395936B (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2021-10-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for preparing biodiesel |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102008022483A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
FR2919302A1 (en) | 2009-01-30 |
CN101307268A (en) | 2008-11-19 |
JP2008285674A (en) | 2008-11-27 |
GB2449363B (en) | 2009-12-09 |
GB2449363A (en) | 2008-11-19 |
GB0808983D0 (en) | 2008-06-25 |
CA2631211A1 (en) | 2008-11-16 |
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