GB2431297A - Coil connection in electromagnetic valve - Google Patents

Coil connection in electromagnetic valve Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2431297A
GB2431297A GB0620364A GB0620364A GB2431297A GB 2431297 A GB2431297 A GB 2431297A GB 0620364 A GB0620364 A GB 0620364A GB 0620364 A GB0620364 A GB 0620364A GB 2431297 A GB2431297 A GB 2431297A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
lead
coil
terminal
electromagnetic valve
column
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0620364A
Other versions
GB2431297B (en
GB0620364D0 (en
Inventor
Shinji Abo
Toshiaki Oohara
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Denso Corp
Original Assignee
Denso Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Denso Corp filed Critical Denso Corp
Publication of GB0620364D0 publication Critical patent/GB0620364D0/en
Publication of GB2431297A publication Critical patent/GB2431297A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2431297B publication Critical patent/GB2431297B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/005—Arrangement of electrical wires and connections, e.g. wire harness, sockets, plugs; Arrangement of electronic control circuits in or on fuel injection apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/188—Spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F5/00—Coils
    • H01F5/04—Arrangements of electric connections to coils, e.g. leads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/004—Sliding valves, e.g. spool valves, i.e. whereby the closing member has a sliding movement along a seat for opening and closing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0043—Two-way valves

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Abstract

An electromagnetic valve, for example for use in a fuel injector, has a lead-terminal 22. The lead-terminal includes a first lead portion 22a, a second lead portion 22b, and a column portion 22c. The column portion is between the first and second lead portions and is thicker than them, with a flat surface 22d on its outer surface. An end 9a of a coil 9 is wound around the first lead portion and is welded on the flat surface by resistance welding. The coil is thus connected to a terminal 23 through the lead-terminal.

Description

ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE AND
MANUFACTURING METHOD OF THE SAME
The present invention relates to an electromagnetic valve and manufacturing method of the same. The electromagnetic valve is suitably applied to a fuel injection valve.
FIG. 3 shows a conventional electromagnetic valve. The electromagnetic valve includes a solenoid, a connector 120 supporting a terminal 110, a housing connected to the connector 120, and a cylindrical lead-terminal 140. The lead-terminal 150 is inserted into the housing 130 through an 0ring 140, and connects the terminal 110 to a coil 100. One end of the lead-terminal 150 is connected to the end of the coil 100 by fusionboding, and the other end of the lead-terminal is connected to the terminal 110 by welding. JP-2001-102124 A (EP-1 089400A2) shows a fuel injection valve including the electromagnetic valve described above.
Since the fusion-bonding between the lead-terminal 150 and the coil 110 increases a production cost, the lead-terminal 150 and the coil 100 should be connected to each other by welding. In order to conduct the welding, it is necessary to keep a stable connecting position of the coil 100 relative to the lead- terminal 150.
It is an object present invention to provide an electromagnetic valve in which the lead-terminal and the coil are surely connected to each other by welding.
According to the present invention, the electromagnetic valve has following elements. A solenoid including a coil wound around a bobbin and generating magnetic field in a case that the coil is energized; a housing for receiving the solenoid; a connector fixed to the housing and having a terminal for energizing the coil; and a lead-terminal inserted into the housing and electrically connecting the terminal to the coil. The leadterminal includes a first lead portion and a column portion. The column portion has an outer diameter, which is larger than that of the first lead portion, so that a step is formed between the column portion and the first lead portion. An end of the coil drawn from the bobbin is wound around the first lead portion, extends to the column portion, and is welded on an outer surface of the column portion.
The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description made with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: FIG. I is a cross sectional view of an electromagnetic valve according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing manufacturing steps of a lead- terminal; and FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of a conventional electromagnetic valve.
A first embodiment of an electromagnetic valve according to the present invention will be described hereinafter.
An electromagnetic valve I is applied to a fuel injection valve (not shown) in a common-rail fuel injection system for a diesel engine. The fuel injection valve includes a needle opening/closing an injection port, a pressure chamber in which a pressurized fluid is accumulated, a pressure-relief passage 2 for releasing the pressurized fluid in the pressure chamber, and the electromagnetic valve 1.
The electromagnetic valve I includes a solenoid, an orifice plate 3, a connector 4, a housing 5, and a case 6. The valve 1 is fixed on an injector body
I
7 by use of a nut 8. The solenoid is comprised of a coil 9, a stator 10, an armature 11, and a valve body 12. The coil 9 is wound around a bobbin 13 made of resin. The coil 9 is resin molded in the stator 10.
The stator lOis made of ferromagnetic material, such as iron, to generate magnetic filed when the coil 9 is energized. The stator 10 has a center passage 14, which extends in a longitudinal direction and is connected to the pressure- relief passage 2.
The armature 11 is disposed in a valve chamber 15 that is formed between the stator 10 and the valve body 12. A spring 16, which is disposed in the center passage 14, biases the stator 10 downward in FIG. 1. The armature 11 has a shaft portion 17 opposite to the stator 10. The shaft portion 17 is slidably supported by the valve body 12. A ball valve 19 is disposed at a top end of the shaft portion 17 for opening/closing the outlet orifice 18.
The valve body 12 is disposed on the orifice plate 3 inside of a cylindrical wall 7a of the injector body 7. The valve body 12 is threaded into the cylindrical wall 7a. The valve body 12 has a longitudinal hole 20 that communicates to the valve chamber 15 and a communication passage 21. The ball valve 19 permits/prohibits a communication between the communication passage 21 and the outlet orifice 18.
The orifice plate 3 has an inlet orifice (not shown) for introducing a pressurized fuel into the pressure chamber and the outlet orifice 18.
The connector 4 is molded with the housing 5 and holds a terminal 23, which is connected to the coil 9 through a lead-terminal 22.
The housing 5 is made of iron or stainless steel and is fixed to the case 6.
The housing 5 is provided with the pressure relief passage 2 and a penetrating hole 24 through which the lead-terminal 22 extends.
The case 6 is made of iron or stainless steel and surrounds the stator 10.
A lower end of the case 6 is engaged with a bottom surface of the stator 10, and an upper end of the case 6 is welded to the housing 5. The stator 10 is fixed between the housing 5 and the case 6. A shim 25 is sandwiched between the valve body 12 and the case 6. The nut 8 is threaded into an exterior thread 7b which is formed outer surface of the cylindrical wall 7a. An 0-ring 26 is provided on the outer surface of the case 6 to seal between the case 6 and the cylindrical wall 7a.
Referring to FIG. 2, the lead-terminal 22 will be described in detail hereinafter.
The lead-terminal 22 is a cylindrical column having a step. Specifically, the lead-terminal 22 has a first lead portion 22a and a second lead portion 22b.
An outer diameter of the first lead portion 22a is the same as an outer diameter of the second lead portion 22b. Furthermore, the lead-terminal 22 has a column portion 22c between the first lead portion 22a and the second lead portion 22b.
An outer diameter of the column portion 22c is larger than that of the first and the second lead portion 22a, 22b. That is, steps are formed between the column portion 22c and the first and second lead portions 22a, 22b. Besides, a substantially fiat surface 22d is formed on the sidewall of the column portion 22c.
The first lead portion 22a is press-inserted into a drawing portion 27 of the bobbin 13. The second lead portion 22b is inserted into the connecter 4 through the penetrating hole 24 to be welded to the terminal 23. The second lead portion 22b is held in the penetrating hole 24 through a pair of bush 28 (electric insulator).
An 0-ring 29 is disposed between both bush 28 to fluidly seal between the penetrating hole 24 and the lead-terminal 22.
One end 9a of the coil 9 is wound around the first lead portion 22b, extends to the fiat surface 22d over the step, and is welded to the fiat surface 22d by resistance welding. The other end of the coil 9 (not shown) is grounded through the injector body.
The manufacturing method of the lead-terminal 22 will be described hereinafter.
Both ends of a cylindrical column having the same diameter as the column portion 22c are cut to reduce the outer diameter thereof so that the first lead portion 22a and the second lead portion 22c are formed. Thereby, the lead- terminal 22 having the first and second lead portions 22a, 22b and the column portion 22c are formed as shown in (a) of FIG. 2. A height "h" of the step formed between the lead portions 22a, 22b and the column portion 22c is greater than a half of outer diameter of the coil 9.
Next, as shown in (b) of FIG. 2, the column portion 22c is pressed in a radial direction to form the flat surface 22d. A width "w" of the fiat surface 22d is greater than the outer diameter "d" of the lead portions 22a, 22b. A longitudinal length of the fiat surface 22d is determined based on a size of a weld electrode.
Practically, it is preferable that the longitudinal length of the fiat surface 22d is fifth times to fifteen times of the outer diameter of the coil 9.
The operation of the fuel injection valve will be described hereinafter.
When the coil 9 is energized to magnetize the stator 10, the armature 11 moves tbward the stator 10 against a biasing force of the spring 16. The ball valve 19 opens the outlet orifice 18 so that the pressurized oil in the pressure chamber is released to a drain chamber (not shown) through the outlet orifice 18, the communication passage 21, the longitudinal hole 20, the valve chamber 15, the center passage 14, and the pressure- relief passage 2. Thereby, the backpressure of the needle is decreased to lift up the needle so that the fuel is injected through the injection hole.
When the coil 9 is deenergized, the armature Ills biased by the spring 16 so that the ball valve 19 closes the outlet orifice 18 and the pressure in the pressure chamber is increased. The needle closes the injection hole to terminate the fuel injection.
An advantage of the embodiment will be described hereinafter.
The end 9a of the coil 9 is positioned at a desired position by use of the step formed on the lead-terminal 22. The welding position of the coil relative to the lead-terminal 22 is secured. That is, one end 9a of the coil 9 drawn from the bobbin 13 is wound around the first lead portion 22a, and is engaged with the step between the first lead portion 22a and the column portion 22c, so that the position of the end 9a is secured on the flat surface 22d. Especially, since the height h" of the step is greater than the half of the outer diameter of the coil 9, the end 9a of the coil 9 is well engaged with the step. Besides, the column portion 22c has the flat surface 22d on which the end 9a is welded, so that the coil end 9a is steadily resistance-welded.
A modification will be described hereinafter.
In the above embodiment, the lead-terminal 22 is formed by cutting and pressing a single column material having a constant outer diameter.
Alternatively, the lead-terminal 22 can be comprised of a metallic column having the same outer diameter as the lead portions 22a, 22b, and a metallic ring having the same outer diameter as the column portion 22c and the same inner diameter as the lead portions 22a, 22b. This ring is press-inserted around the metallic column, and then pressed to form the flat surface 22d.

Claims (10)

O CLAIMS
1. An electromagnetic valve comprising: a solenoid including a coil wound around a bobbin and generating magnetic field in a case that the coil is energized; a housing for receiving the solenoid a connector fixed to the housing and having a terminal for energizing the coil; and a leadterminal inserted into the housing and electrically connecting the terminal to the coil, wherein the lead-terminal includes a first lead portion and a column portion the column portion has an outer diameter which is larger than that of the first lead portion so that a step is formed between the column portion and the first lead portion, and an end portion of the coil drawn from the bobbin is wound around the first lead portion, extends to the column portion, and is welded on an outer surface of the column portion
2. An electromagnetic valve according to claim 1, wherein the column portion has a substantially flat surface on the outer surface thereof, and one end of the coil is welded on the flat surface
3. An electromagnetic valve according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the step has a height which is greater than a half of outer diameter of the coil
4. An electromagnetic valve according to any one of claims 1 to 3, whe rein the lead-terminal includes a second lead portion having the same outer diameter as the first lead portion the housing has a through hole, and the second lead portion is inserted into the through hole via a sealing member which seals between the second lead portion and the through hole
5. An electromagnetic valve comprising: a solenoid including a coil; a terminal for energizing the coil; and a lead-terminal electrically connecting the terminal to the coil wherein the lead-terminal includes a step on which an end portion of the coil is engaged, and the end portion of the coil extends over the step and is welded on an outer surface of the lead-terminal
6. A manufacturing method of an electromagnetic valve, the electromagnetic valve having: a solenoid including a coil wound around a bobbin and generating magnetic field in a case that the coil is energized; a housing for receiving the solenoid a connector fixed to the housing and having a terminal for energizing the coil and a lead-terminal inserted into the housing and electrically connecting the terminal to the coil the manufacturing method comprising: forming a first lead terminal and a second lead terminal at both ends of the lead-terminal forming a column portion between the first lead terminal and the second lead terminal, the column portion having an outer diameter which is greater than that of the first and the second lead terminal so that a step is formed between the column portion and the lead terminals winding the coil around the first lead terminal introducing an end portion of the coil to a sidewall of the column portion over the step; and welding the end portion of the coil on the side wall of the column portion
7. A manufacturing method of an electromagnetic valve according to claim 6, wherein cutting both ends of a metallic column to form the first lead terminal and the second lead terminal pressing the column portion in a radial direction thereof to form a substantially flat surface
8. A manufacturing method of an electromagnetic valve according to claim 6, wherein providing a metallic column having the same outer diameter as the first and the second lead portion providing a metallic ring having the outer diameter, which is the same as an outer diameter of the column portion, and the inner diameter, which is the same as the outer diameter of the metallic column; inserting the metallic column into the metallic ring; and pressing the metallic ring in a radial direction thereof to form a substantially flat surface
9. An electromagnetic valve substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
10. A manufacturing method substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
GB0620364A 2005-10-14 2006-10-13 Electromagnetic valve and manufacturing method of the same Expired - Fee Related GB2431297B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005300326A JP4561583B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2005-10-14 Manufacturing method of solenoid valve

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0620364D0 GB0620364D0 (en) 2006-11-22
GB2431297A true GB2431297A (en) 2007-04-18
GB2431297B GB2431297B (en) 2010-11-17

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GB0620364A Expired - Fee Related GB2431297B (en) 2005-10-14 2006-10-13 Electromagnetic valve and manufacturing method of the same

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JP (1) JP4561583B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102006035347B4 (en)
GB (1) GB2431297B (en)

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KR100975234B1 (en) * 2008-04-29 2010-08-11 우성전기공업 주식회사 Lead wire type connector and solenoid with as the same
CN106450950B (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-06-08 湖南明盛高新科技有限公司 A kind of smart home intelligent socket based on Internet of Things
EP4239653A1 (en) 2017-02-01 2023-09-06 Horton, Inc. Electromagnetic coil connection assembly and associated method
JP7308685B2 (en) * 2019-07-23 2023-07-14 株式会社ユーシン actuator
DE102022103918A1 (en) * 2022-02-18 2023-08-24 Thomas Magnete Gmbh Process for manufacturing an electronic component

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10174339A (en) * 1996-12-09 1998-06-26 Asmo Co Ltd Winding terminal structure of motor, and method of terminating winding of motor
EP1219817A1 (en) * 2000-12-29 2002-07-03 Siemens Automotive Corporation Modular fuel injector having a terminal connector interconnecting an electromagnetic actuator with a pre-bent electrical terminal

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JPS57188310U (en) * 1981-05-25 1982-11-30
JPS63197313U (en) * 1987-06-09 1988-12-19
JPH0716436Y2 (en) * 1988-10-24 1995-04-19 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Wire dot head
JPH02213104A (en) * 1989-02-14 1990-08-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Transformer
JPH0316304U (en) * 1989-06-28 1991-02-19
DE3921151A1 (en) * 1989-06-28 1991-01-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert MAGNETIC SYSTEM
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JP3658781B2 (en) * 1994-10-24 2005-06-08 松下電器産業株式会社 Coil for solenoid valve
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Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10174339A (en) * 1996-12-09 1998-06-26 Asmo Co Ltd Winding terminal structure of motor, and method of terminating winding of motor
EP1219817A1 (en) * 2000-12-29 2002-07-03 Siemens Automotive Corporation Modular fuel injector having a terminal connector interconnecting an electromagnetic actuator with a pre-bent electrical terminal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2431297B (en) 2010-11-17
DE102006035347B4 (en) 2008-08-28
JP4561583B2 (en) 2010-10-13
GB0620364D0 (en) 2006-11-22
DE102006035347A1 (en) 2007-04-26
JP2007107652A (en) 2007-04-26

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20201013