GB2415469A - Turbocharger compressor cooling - Google Patents

Turbocharger compressor cooling Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2415469A
GB2415469A GB0511673A GB0511673A GB2415469A GB 2415469 A GB2415469 A GB 2415469A GB 0511673 A GB0511673 A GB 0511673A GB 0511673 A GB0511673 A GB 0511673A GB 2415469 A GB2415469 A GB 2415469A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
mass flow
compressor
air mass
turbocharger
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0511673A
Other versions
GB0511673D0 (en
GB2415469B (en
Inventor
Andre Voges
Ferdinand Werdecker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN B&W Diesel GmbH
Original Assignee
MAN B&W Diesel GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAN B&W Diesel GmbH filed Critical MAN B&W Diesel GmbH
Publication of GB0511673D0 publication Critical patent/GB0511673D0/en
Publication of GB2415469A publication Critical patent/GB2415469A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2415469B publication Critical patent/GB2415469B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/045—Constructional details of the heat exchangers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation, materials, or manufacturing and assembly
    • F02B29/0475—Constructional details of the heat exchangers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation, materials, or manufacturing and assembly the intake air cooler being combined with another device, e.g. heater, valve, compressor, filter or EGR cooler, or being assembled on a special engine location
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/16—Other safety measures for, or other control of, pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
    • F02C7/143—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
    • F02C7/1435—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages by water injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/025—Adding water
    • F02M25/028—Adding water into the charge intakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a turbocharger, in particular an exhaust gas turbocharger, having a turbine 5 for converting energy in an exhaust gas flow into mechanical energy in order to drive a compressor 3. A fresh air mass flow 10 is fed to the compressor 3 of the turbocharger. In order to cool the blades of the compressor an injection device 16 is connected upstream of the compressor 3 for injecting a liquid 15 into the charge air mass flow 10 before its entry into the compressor 3. The liquid 15, such as water, evaporates in the compressor 3 and thus brings about its cooling. The liquid 15 may be compressed and heated in a heat exchanger 18 before it is injected into the airflow upstream of the compressor.

Description

Turbocharger and method of operation The invention relates to a method for
the operation of a turbocharger, in particular an exhaust gas turbocharger, in accordance with the preamble of claim l. Furthermore, the invention relates to a turbocharger, in particular an exhaust gas turbocharger, in accordance with the preamble of claim 9.
Turbochargers, in particular exhaust gas turbochargers, are used to increase the performance of internal-combustion engines. Thus, for example, DE 199 28 925 Al discloses a turbocharger that has a compressor and a turbine coupled by way of a shaft, with energy being taken from an air mass flow by way of the turbine and being converted into mechanical energy that is then used to drive the compressor of the turbocharger. In accordance with the prior art the compressor has a compressor wheel and the turbine has a turbine wheel.
Modern turbochargers compress the air mass flow within the compressor to such high pressures that temperatures of several hundred degrees Kelvin are reached at the outlet of the compressor, in particular at the outlet of the compressor wheel. The compressor wheel of the compressor is preferably formed from an aluminium alloy; at temperatures of several hundred degrees Kelvin at the compressor wheel the problem arises that the aluminium alloy of the compressor wheel suffers a permanent loss of strength (thermal ageing) especiallyon the outside diameter. This can result in failure of the compressor wheel and thus a shortened service life of the same.
Accordingly, it is desirable to limit the temperatures in the region of the compressor wheel outlet.
The present aims to provide a new type of turbocharger, in particular a new type of exhaust-gas turbocharger, and a method for the operation of a turbocharger, in particular an exhaust-gas turbocharger.
The invention is defined in claims l and ll. In accordance with the invention, before the entry of the compressor mass flow (also referred to as the second air mass flow in the following), in particular the fresh air mass flow, into the compressor of the turbocharger a fluid is injected into the second air mass flow, this injected fluid evaporating in the compressor and thus bringing about cooling, in particular of the compressor wheel. Furthermore, this measure also has favourable effect upon the downstream apparatus in reducing oil deposits. Moreover, a favourable influence with regard to NOx-formation can be observed.
The invention envisages that a fluid be injected into the second air mass flow that is to be compressed by the compressor of the turbocharger before the entry of the second air mass flow into the compressor, the fluid evaporating within the compressor, preferably completely (although even evaporating partly would help), before reaching the outlet of the compressor or the compressor wheel. In this way it is possible to bring about cooling of the compressor or the compressor wheel. Reduction in strength of the compressor wheel brought about as a result of the permissible temperature of the compressor wheel being exceeded can thus be avoided in a simple and reliable way.
In accordance with an advantageous development of the invention the fluid is injected into the second air mass flow in such a way that the proportion of the fluid in the total mass flow consisting of the second air mass flow and the fluid is preferably approximately 1%.
In accordance with a further advantageous development of the invention, the fluid is compressed and heated, before it is injected into the second air mass flow, in such a way that the fluid upon injection has a temperature that lies 20K to lOOK above the boiling temperature of the fluid under the ambient conditions of injection.
The turbocharger of the invention is defined in independent claim 11.
For a better understanding of the invention, embodiments of it will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a turbocharger
in accordance with the prior art; and
Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram to illustrate the method in accordance with the invention for the operation of a turbocharger.
Before going into detail about the present invention below with reference to Figure 2, first by way of example of an exhaust gas turbocharger of known mode of operation will be described.
Figure 1 shows in a highly diagrammatic manner an exhaust gas turbocharger 1 in conjunction with a cylinder 2 of an internal combustion engine, with the exhaust gas turbocharger 1 comprising a compressor 3 with a compressor wheel 4 and a turbine 5 with a turbine wheel 6.
A first air mass flow, namely an exhaust gas flow, is fed to the turbine wheel 6 of the turbine 5 by way of an outlet valve 7, which is associated with the cylinder 2 of the internal combustion engine, in the direction of the arrow 8, the energy of the first air mass flow being converted into mechanical energy by the turbine wheel 6 and being used to drive the compressor wheel 4 of the compressor 3 of the turbocharger 1. The first air mass flow that has expanded in the region of the turbine 5, that is, the exhaust gas flow, is moved out of the turbocharger 1 in the direction of the arrow 9.
As can be inferred, furthermore, from Figure 1, a second air mass flow, namely a fresh air mass flow, is taken in by suction and compressed by the compressor 3 of the turbocharger 1 in the direction of the arrow 10. The compressed second air mass flow is fed in the direction of the arrow 11 by way of an inlet valve 12 to the internal combustion engine, namely to the latter's cylinder 2. As can be inferred from Figure 1, such an exhaust gas turbocharger can comprise, furthermore, a charge air cooler or intercooler 13 and also a charge pressure controller 14.
The compressor wheel 4 of the compressor 3 of the exhaust gas turbine 1 that is shown in Figure 1 is preferably formed from an aluminium alloy. Compression of the second air mass flow within the compressor 3 of the exhaust gas turbine 1 can give rise to temperatures of several hundred degrees Kelvin at the outlet of the compressor wheel 4. As a result, the permissible component temperature of the compressor wheel 4 can be exceeded, which can result in a loss of strength.
For the purposes of the present invention (see Figure 2) it is proposed that a fluid 15 be injected into the second air mass flow 10 before the entry of the second air mass flow 10 into the compressor 3 of the turbocharger. The fluid 15 is injected into the second air mass flow 10 by way of a corresponding device 16 connected upstream of the compressor 3. The fluid 15 that is injected into the second air mass flow 10 is evaporated in the compressor 3 and thus brings about cooling of the compressor, namely of the compressor wheel of the same.
The fluid 15 injected into the second air mass flow 10 is more particularly completely evaporated in the compressor.
Accordingly, complete evaporation of the injected fluid will have taken place at the outlet of the compressor wheel 4. In order to make this possible, when injecting the fluid 15 into the second air mass flow 10 by way of the device 16 the fluid 10 is atomized as finely as possible.
This can preferably be achieved in that the fluid 15 that is to be injected before being injected is first compressed by way of a pump 17 and is subsequently heated to a defined temperature by way of a heat exchanger 18. The fluid 15 is heated by the heat exchanger 18 before it is injected into the second air mass flow 10 in such a way that the fluid 15 upon injection, that is, in the region of the device 16, has a temperature that lies 20K to lOOK above its boiling temperature under the ambient conditions of injection.
When the fluid 15 is injected at such a temperature into the second air mass flow 10, the fluid drops burst - the so-called flash effect.
The fluid is preferably injected into the second air mass flow 10 in such a way that the proportion of the fluid 15 in the total mass flow consisting of the fluid 15 and the second air mass flow 10 lies between 0. 1% and 5%, preferably between 0.5% and 2%, particularly preferably at approximately 1%. Water is preferably injected as the fluid into the second air mass flow.
For the purposes of the present invention it is accordingly proposed that a fluid be injected into the second air mass flow that is to be compressed by a compressor of a turbocharger before the second air mass flow is fed into the compressor, with the fluid evaporating completely within the compressor before reaching the outlet of the compressor wheel. During the evaporation, cooling or a lowering of the temperature of the compressor wheel ensues.
As a result, it is possible to avoid a situation where the permissible component temperature of the compressor wheel is exceeded and prevent a high temperatures leading to a loss of strength of the same.
List of reference numerals 1 Exhaust gas turbocharger 2 Cylinder 3 Compressor 4 Compressor wheel Turbine 6 Turbine wheel 7 Outlet valve 8 Arrow 9 Arrow Arrow 11 Arrow 12 Inlet valve 13 Intercooler 14 Pressure control Fluid 16 Device 17 Pump 18 Heat exchanger

Claims (12)

  1. Claims 1. A method for operating a turbocharger, in which the energy
    contained in a first air mass flow in a turbine of the turbocharger is converted into mechanical energy in order to drive a compressor of the turbocharger, the compressor of the turbocharger taking in by suction and compressing a second air mass flow, characterized in that before the entry of the second air mass flow into the compressor of the turbocharger a liquid is injected into the second air mass flow, the injected fluid evaporating in the compressor and thus bringing about cooling of the compressor.
  2. 2. A method according to claim 1, in which the liquid is atomized when it is injected into the second air mass flow.
  3. 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the liquid is compressed and heated before it is injected into the second air mass flow.
  4. 4. A method according to any preceding claim, in which the liquid is heated before it is injected into the second air mass flow in such a way that upon injection it has a temperature 20K to lOOK above its boiling point.
  5. 5. A method according to any preceding claim, in which the injected liquid evaporates completely in the compressor.
  6. 6. A method according to any preceding claim, in which the injected liquid is water.
  7. 7. A method according to any preceding claim, in which the resulting proportion of the liquid in the total mass flow consisting of the second air mass flow and the liquid lies between 0.1% and 5%.
  8. 8. A method according to claim 7, in which the proportion of the liquid in the total mass flow consisting of the second air mass flow and the liquid lies between 0.5% and 2%.
  9. 9. A method according to claim 8, in which the liquid proportion is approximately 1%.
  10. 10. A method according to any preceding claim, in which the turbocharger is an exhaust gas turbocharger, the fresh air mass flow is an exhaust gas flow, and the second air mass flow is a fresh air mass flow.
  11. 11. A turbocharger having a turbine (5), for converting energy contained in a first air mass flow into mechanical energy in order to drive a compressor (3) of the turbocharger, it being possible to feed a second air mass flow to the compressor, characterized in that a device (16) for injecting a liquid into the second air mass flow is connected upstream of the compressor.
  12. 12. A turbocharger according to claim 11, in which connected upstream of the device (16) for injecting the liquid into the second air mass flow there is a heat exchanger (18) and a compressor (17) for compressing and heating the liquid.
GB0511673A 2004-06-09 2005-06-08 Turbocharger and method of operation Expired - Fee Related GB2415469B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004028224A DE102004028224A1 (en) 2004-06-09 2004-06-09 Method for operating a turbocharger and turbocharger

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0511673D0 GB0511673D0 (en) 2005-07-13
GB2415469A true GB2415469A (en) 2005-12-28
GB2415469B GB2415469B (en) 2009-01-28

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ID=34833288

Family Applications (1)

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GB0511673A Expired - Fee Related GB2415469B (en) 2004-06-09 2005-06-08 Turbocharger and method of operation

Country Status (7)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2005351273A (en)
KR (1) KR20060048290A (en)
CN (1) CN100538044C (en)
CH (1) CH697997B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102004028224A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2871518A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2415469B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009071910A1 (en) * 2007-12-06 2009-06-11 Napier Turbochargers Limited Liquid cooled turbocharger impeller and method for cooling an impeller

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007001487B4 (en) 2007-01-10 2015-07-16 Caterpillar Energy Solutions Gmbh Method and device for compressor wheel cooling of a compressor
CN102011646B (en) * 2010-10-08 2012-10-31 北京理工大学 Method for realizing accurate equipower torque characteristics
CN103671274B (en) * 2013-12-20 2015-11-11 首钢水城钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 The method of oil consumption falls in the cooling of large-scale compressor purging system nitrogen envelope
CN105221244A (en) * 2015-10-23 2016-01-06 哈尔滨工程大学 A kind of sequential supercharged diesel engine device peculiar to vessel and controlling method thereof
CN113606724B (en) * 2021-08-09 2022-08-16 兰州大学 Anti-infection nursing device and using method thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2382846A (en) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-11 Alstom A turbocharger having water mist in the compressor blade region
EP1365127A2 (en) * 2002-05-16 2003-11-26 ROLLS-ROYCE plc Gas turbine engine and method of operating such a gas turbine engine
WO2005057019A1 (en) * 2003-12-09 2005-06-23 Abb Turbo Systems Ag Cooling method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4440116A (en) * 1982-07-12 1984-04-03 Schmelzer Corporation Coolant injector
JP2877098B2 (en) * 1995-12-28 1999-03-31 株式会社日立製作所 Gas turbines, combined cycle plants and compressors
PL332143A1 (en) * 1996-09-09 1999-08-30 Collin Consult Ab Lars Driving unit and method of reducing nox content in combustion engine exhaust gas
NL1011383C2 (en) * 1998-06-24 1999-12-27 Kema Nv Apparatus for compressing a gaseous medium and systems comprising such an apparatus.
SE0001313D0 (en) * 2000-04-10 2000-04-10 Jerzy Chomiak Turbocharger utilizing waste heat of an internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2382846A (en) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-11 Alstom A turbocharger having water mist in the compressor blade region
EP1365127A2 (en) * 2002-05-16 2003-11-26 ROLLS-ROYCE plc Gas turbine engine and method of operating such a gas turbine engine
WO2005057019A1 (en) * 2003-12-09 2005-06-23 Abb Turbo Systems Ag Cooling method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009071910A1 (en) * 2007-12-06 2009-06-11 Napier Turbochargers Limited Liquid cooled turbocharger impeller and method for cooling an impeller

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2871518A1 (en) 2005-12-16
JP2005351273A (en) 2005-12-22
CN100538044C (en) 2009-09-09
DE102004028224A1 (en) 2006-01-05
GB0511673D0 (en) 2005-07-13
KR20060048290A (en) 2006-05-18
GB2415469B (en) 2009-01-28
CH697997B1 (en) 2009-04-15
CN1707077A (en) 2005-12-14

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20110608