GB2382846A - A turbocharger having water mist in the compressor blade region - Google Patents

A turbocharger having water mist in the compressor blade region Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2382846A
GB2382846A GB0128942A GB0128942A GB2382846A GB 2382846 A GB2382846 A GB 2382846A GB 0128942 A GB0128942 A GB 0128942A GB 0128942 A GB0128942 A GB 0128942A GB 2382846 A GB2382846 A GB 2382846A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
turbocharger
compressor
water
turbine
water mist
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0128942A
Other versions
GB0128942D0 (en
GB2382846B (en
Inventor
Francis Joseph Geoffrey Heyes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom SA
Original Assignee
Alstom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom SA filed Critical Alstom SA
Priority to GB0128942A priority Critical patent/GB2382846B/en
Publication of GB0128942D0 publication Critical patent/GB0128942D0/en
Publication of GB2382846A publication Critical patent/GB2382846A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2382846B publication Critical patent/GB2382846B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
    • F02C7/143—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
    • F02C7/1435—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages by water injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/30—Adding water, steam or other fluids for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/025—Adding water
    • F02M25/028—Adding water into the charge intakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/013—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/0221—Details of the water supply system, e.g. pumps or arrangement of valves
    • F02M25/0225—Water atomisers or mixers, e.g. using ultrasonic waves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
    • F05D2270/082—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases with as little NOx as possible
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

A turbocharger 3 having a turbine 5 and a compressor 6 connected by a drive shaft 7. Exhaust gas from a combustion chamber (1, fig 1) is directed through the turbine and rotates the compressor. Air is drawn into the compression chamber 14 where it is compressed before being directed to the combustion chamber. The turbocharger also has means 12 to introduce water mist into the compression chamber in the region of the compressor blade. The addition of water mist cools the airflow and reduces Nox formation during the combustion process. The turbocharger may have a compressor with more than one compression stage, and may comprise more than one turbine stage. The turbocharger may also comprise a water jacket and means to supply water to the compression chamber from the water jacket.

Description

<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
TURBOCHARGER Field of the Invention This invention relates to a turbocharger, for example for use with a diesel er gine.
Background to the Invention It is well known that introducing water into the combustion space of a diesel er gine reduces NOx formation due to addition of mass and the evaporation of the water both of which reduce the combustion temperature. However, for very low NOx for mation, the evaporation process should be completed before combustion takes place otherwise some of the combustion energy is used in the evaporation process, and i thus"lost". It is also well known that if the compression process in the turbocharge compressor is cooled, the efficiency of the compressor is increased. Conventionally tht cooling is achieved by mechanisms such as heat exchanger means, typically by inter cooling and/or water-cooling jackets.
Current technology also includes adding water to the diesel combustion b ; adding water mist to the air flow after the turbocharger, as for example in the HI-FOC system of Marioff. Here a fine mist is sprayed into the turbocharger exit air flow where temperatures are typically around 200 C and velocities are of the order o 75m/s. In this area, evaporation occurs quickly, and as a result, NOx levels can be re duced to around 3g/kWh from around 10-15g/kWH.
It is also well known that the addition of water mist upstream of the compres sor, thus cooling the compressor inlet flow, increases the compressor flow capacity anc the compressor pressure ratio achievable at a given turbocharger speed.
Summary of the Invention According to the invention, there is provided a turbocharger comprising, a turbine, adapted to be driven by exhaust gas, and driving a compressor having an air inlet and an air outlet and a compressor blade region therebetween, characterised by means to introduce a water mist into the compressor blade region.
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
It will be understood that introducing a water mist into the compressor blade region will provide two main benefits. Firstly, as the air flow is compressed its temperature rises and therefore by introducing water mist the airflow is cooled (i. e. the heat energy is used to evaporate the water.) Secondly, the introduction of water into the air flow has the effect of reducing NOx formation during the combustion process.
The term"compressor blade region"means, in the context of the invention, that region in the air flow path through the compressor over which compression takes place. In the case of a multistage compressor, this may include the path between adjacent compressor stages.
In a preferred embodiment the compressor may comprise a single blade set mounted on a rotor, which is driven by the exhaust powered turbine.
In an alternative embodiment, the compressor may have more than one blade set and/or the turbine may have more than one blade set. Alternatively, the different compressor stages may be driven by separate turbines.
The turbocharger may have a water jacket, which provides a cooling action; the water used in this water jacket may also then be introduced into the compressor thus reducing the water requirements of the system.
Brief Description of the Drawings In the drawings, which illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of the arrangement of a turbocharger within a combustion engine system ; Figure 2 shows a diagrammatic representation of a turbocharger according to the invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to Figure 1, the relationship between the combustion engine-partially represented as a combustion cylinder 1-and the turbocharger 3 can be seen.
Conduit 2 directs exhaust gas from the combustion chamber 1, (of which there may be several), to the turbocharger 3. The exhaust gas entering the turbine 5 of the turbocharger 3 powers the turbine blade set 14, which translates the generated power to compressor 6 via a drive shaft 7 that rotates the compressor blade set 15. Ambient air
<Desc/Clms Page number 3>
is drawn into the turbocharger 3 by the compressor 6 before the compressed air is directed back to the combustion chamber 1 via conduit 4.
From Figure 2 the different elements of the turbocharger can be appreciated.
Namely the exhaust gas inlet 8 and the outlet 9, which are located adjacent the turbine 5, plus also the ambient air inlet 10 and compressed air outlet 11, which are located adjacent the compressor 6. Bearings means 13, which permit the rotation of the drive shaft 7 are also illustrated.
The water introduction assembly 12, is located adjacent to the compressor 6 and is responsible for introducing water, in the form of fine mist, into the compressor 6. The water is directed towards the region where compression is taking place. The water, in liquid form, is supplied from an associated reservoir (not shown).
It is appreciated that the compressor may have a water jacket surrounding the compressor 6 to lower the temperature of the air therein. It is also appreciated that the waste water flow from the water jacket may be connected to the water introduction assembly so that water is recycled.

Claims (5)

  1. CLAIMS 1. A turbocharger comprising, a turbine, adapted to be driven by exhaust gas, and driving a compressor having an air inlet and an air outlet and a compressor blade region therebetween, characterised by means to introduce a water mist into the compressor blade region.
  2. 2. A turbocharger according to Claim 1, wherein the compressor comprises more than one compression stage.
  3. 3. A turbocharger according to Claim 1 or 2, comprising more than one turbine stage.
  4. 4. A turbocharger according to Claim 1,2 or 3 comprising a water jacket and means for supplying the introducing means with water from the water jacket.
  5. 5. A turbocharger substantially as described with reference to, or as shown in, the drawings.
GB0128942A 2001-12-04 2001-12-04 Turbocharger Expired - Fee Related GB2382846B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0128942A GB2382846B (en) 2001-12-04 2001-12-04 Turbocharger

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0128942A GB2382846B (en) 2001-12-04 2001-12-04 Turbocharger

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0128942D0 GB0128942D0 (en) 2002-01-23
GB2382846A true GB2382846A (en) 2003-06-11
GB2382846B GB2382846B (en) 2005-11-16

Family

ID=9926924

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB0128942A Expired - Fee Related GB2382846B (en) 2001-12-04 2001-12-04 Turbocharger

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2382846B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2415469A (en) * 2004-06-09 2005-12-28 Man B & W Diesel Ag Turbocharger compressor cooling

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4502420A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-03-05 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Reciprocating piston combustion engine with water injection
US4630642A (en) * 1984-12-03 1986-12-23 Tom Mcguane Industries, Inc. Check valve and water injection systems and fuel systems utilizing the same
US4653268A (en) * 1981-12-10 1987-03-31 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc. Regenerative gas turbine cycle
US5125377A (en) * 1991-11-25 1992-06-30 Mezheritsky Anatoly D Apparatus to clean an engine without dismantling the engine
DE4218145C1 (en) * 1992-06-02 1993-05-06 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh IC engine turbocharging system - has two part housing with water jacket within to allow circulation of cooling water around turbine
US6082311A (en) * 1996-09-09 2000-07-04 Lars Collin Consult Ab Drive arrangement and method of reducing the amount of nox in the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine
WO2001077504A1 (en) * 2000-04-10 2001-10-18 Wärtsilä Technology Oy Ab Method of utilising waste heat in turbocharger unit of an internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine arrangement
WO2001081744A1 (en) * 2000-04-20 2001-11-01 Daimlerchrysler Ag Turbocharger device for an internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4653268A (en) * 1981-12-10 1987-03-31 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc. Regenerative gas turbine cycle
US4502420A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-03-05 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Reciprocating piston combustion engine with water injection
US4630642A (en) * 1984-12-03 1986-12-23 Tom Mcguane Industries, Inc. Check valve and water injection systems and fuel systems utilizing the same
US5125377A (en) * 1991-11-25 1992-06-30 Mezheritsky Anatoly D Apparatus to clean an engine without dismantling the engine
DE4218145C1 (en) * 1992-06-02 1993-05-06 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh IC engine turbocharging system - has two part housing with water jacket within to allow circulation of cooling water around turbine
US6082311A (en) * 1996-09-09 2000-07-04 Lars Collin Consult Ab Drive arrangement and method of reducing the amount of nox in the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine
WO2001077504A1 (en) * 2000-04-10 2001-10-18 Wärtsilä Technology Oy Ab Method of utilising waste heat in turbocharger unit of an internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine arrangement
WO2001081744A1 (en) * 2000-04-20 2001-11-01 Daimlerchrysler Ag Turbocharger device for an internal combustion engine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2415469A (en) * 2004-06-09 2005-12-28 Man B & W Diesel Ag Turbocharger compressor cooling
GB2415469B (en) * 2004-06-09 2009-01-28 Man B & W Diesel Ag Turbocharger and method of operation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0128942D0 (en) 2002-01-23
GB2382846B (en) 2005-11-16

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
732E Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977)
732E Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977)
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20161204