GB2386146A - Sash window assemblies - Google Patents

Sash window assemblies Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2386146A
GB2386146A GB0205510A GB0205510A GB2386146A GB 2386146 A GB2386146 A GB 2386146A GB 0205510 A GB0205510 A GB 0205510A GB 0205510 A GB0205510 A GB 0205510A GB 2386146 A GB2386146 A GB 2386146A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
panel
inner frame
window assembly
window
sash window
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0205510A
Other versions
GB0205510D0 (en
GB2386146B (en
Inventor
Alan David Burgess
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB0205510A priority Critical patent/GB2386146B/en
Priority to GB0518490A priority patent/GB2415457B/en
Publication of GB0205510D0 publication Critical patent/GB0205510D0/en
Publication of GB2386146A publication Critical patent/GB2386146A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2386146B publication Critical patent/GB2386146B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/32—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing
    • E06B3/50—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing with more than one kind of movement
    • E06B3/5009—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing with more than one kind of movement where the sliding and rotating movements are necessarily performed simultaneously
    • E06B3/5018—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing with more than one kind of movement where the sliding and rotating movements are necessarily performed simultaneously where the pivot axis slides during pivoting of the wing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/56—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements
    • E05D15/58—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements with both swinging and sliding movements
    • E05D15/582—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements with both swinging and sliding movements with horizontal swinging axis
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • E05F1/08—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
    • E05F1/10—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
    • E05F1/1091—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance with a gas spring
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/32—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing
    • E06B3/50—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing with more than one kind of movement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • E05F1/08—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
    • E05F1/10—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
    • E05F1/1041—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis
    • E05F1/105—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis with a compression spring
    • E05F1/1058—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis with a compression spring for counterbalancing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/148—Windows
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/32—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing
    • E06B3/34—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing with only one kind of movement
    • E06B3/42—Sliding wings; Details of frames with respect to guiding
    • E06B3/44—Vertically-sliding wings

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)

Abstract

A sash window assembly that comprises an outer frame 10 adapted for fitting to a window opening in a building, an inner frame 11 supporting one or more window panels 12 13, and hinge means connecting the inner frame to the outer frame. The hinge means are provided on opposed sides of the frames adjacent the upper edge of the inner frame so the inner frame may hinge about a horizontal axis disposed adjacent the upper edge of the inner frame, to allow escape from the building. There is also provided a sash window assembly having a lower panel 22, which slides vertically to open the window, and balancers disposed to each side of the panel to take the weight of the panel. The balancers being connected by hinge mechanisms to the panel at the upper edge, whereby the panel may be raised vertically and then hinged about a generally horizontal axis, to allow escape through the open window.

Description

<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
SASH WINDOW ASSEMBLIES This invention relates to sash window assemblies, intended for fitting into a window openings in a building.
Sash windows are widely used in both domestic dwellings and offices, in view of the enhanced aesthetic appearance of a building having such windows. Typically, there is a frame secured to the window opening and a pair of vertically slidable panels disposed within the frame such that either panel may be slid to lie alongside the other, to open the window. Each slidable panel has, on each side, a balancer to take at least some of the weight of the panel, to facilitate opening and also the maintenance of the panel at an opened setting. Originally, the balancers comprised weights suspended on cords connected to the panels but more recently compact balancers incorporating spring mechanisms have been employed.
A problem with sash windows is that the maximum possible opening is normally significantly less than half the total area of the frame. This is because, for many designs of sash windows, the two panels cannot be wholly overlapped and so the maximum open area is significantly less than the area of the lower panel itself. Moreover, for windows which are wider than high, the maximum vertical extent of the opening may be relatively small. This leads to significant problems, in the event that the window is to be used as an escape from a building incorporating the window, for example in the case of fire or some other emergency.
Recent regulations in the United Kingdom have required all buildings to have at least one so-called fire window that can serve as an escape route in the event of an emergency. In view of the problems outlined above, many
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
conventional designs of sash windows do not meet the criteria laid down for fire windows.
It is known to provide a sash window specifically adapted to facilitate external cleaning from within a building incorporating the window. In such a window, at least one of the panels, but usually the lower panel, is hinged to the outer frame by a pair of pins projecting laterally from the window adjacent the lower edge thereof. The upper edge of the window is provided with retractable clips, so that when the clips project, the panel may slide normally, but when retracted the lower panel may be hinged inwardly, about the lower edge of the panel with the axis of hinging being defined by the pair of pins. However, when hinged in this way, the inwardly projecting panel restricts access to the window opening and it is at least as difficult, if not more so, to climb through a window with the lower panel hinged inwardly than were the lower panel simply raised vertically.
In an attempt to address the problem of providing a fire window with a sash window assembly, one aspect of the present invention provides a sash window assembly comprising an outer frame adapted for fitting to a window opening in a building, an inner frame supporting one or more window panels, and hinge means connecting the inner frame to the outer frame which hinge means are provided on opposed sides of the frames at or adjacent the upper edge of the inner frame whereby the inner frame may be hinged about a generally horizontal axis disposed at or adjacent the upper edge of the inner frame, out of the plane of the window opening to facilitate egress from a building in which the window assembly is fitted.
<Desc/Clms Page number 3>
In a second, alternative aspect of this invention, there is provided a sash window assembly having a lower panel which is slidable vertically upwardly to open the window and a pair of balancers disposed one to each side of the panel to take at least some of the weight of the panel, in which assembly the balancers are connected to the panel at or in the vicinity of the upper edge of the panel by means of respective hinge mechanisms, whereby the panel may be raised vertically and then be hinged about a generally horizontal axis out of the plane of the window opening, to facilitate egress through the open window, from a building in which the window assembly is fitted.
It will be appreciated that with either form of this invention, the opening of a sash window assembly which can be achieved is significantly greater than were the lower panel merely lifted vertically, or hinged inwardly, about its lower edge. By appropriate configuration, the window assembly can meet the criteria laid down for a fire window, so that sash windows may be incorporated throughout a building.
By way of example, two specific embodiments of sash window assembly of this invention will now be described in detail, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which :- Figure 1 is an elevation of the first embodiment of window assembly as fitted into a window opening and with the window fully closed ; Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1 but with the lower pane raised to its maximum extent; Figure 3 is an elevation of the first embodiment, but when opened by hinging movement of the inner frame;
<Desc/Clms Page number 4>
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic side view of the window, when opened as shown in Figure 3; Figure 5 is an elevation of a second embodiment of window assembly, when opened by hinging movement of the lower panel ; and Figure 6 is a diagrammatic side view of the window of Figure 5.
Referring initially to Figures 1 to 4, the first embodiment of sash window assembly of this invention comprises a rectangular outer frame 10 which is secured in a window opening provided in a wall of a building, using conventional techniques. An inner frame 11 is fitted within the outer frame 10 and is sealed thereto with suitable sealing members provided on abutting surfaces of one or both of the two frames. The inner frame is hinged to the upper frame adjacent the upper edge of the inner frame, as will be described below and at the lower edge of the inner frame, there is a locking mechanism (not shown) to secure the inner frame to the outer frame.
The inwardly directed edges of the inner frame 11 define a pair of parallel channels within which are slidably mounted upper and lower window panels 12 and 13. Conventionally, the lower panel 13 is mounted in the inner channel and the upper panel 12 in the outer channel. For each panel, a pair of balancers are provided one on each side of the panel and connecting between the panel and the inner frame, so as to balance at least most of the weight of the panel. In this way, it is relatively easy to raise and lower a panel and the panel will tend to stay in any given position, once moved there.
Figure 2 shows the lower panel 13 raised to its uppermost position. By virtue of the provision of the balancer between the upper part of the inner frame 11 and the lower panel, the movement of the lower panel upwardly is restricted;
<Desc/Clms Page number 5>
as shown, the lower panel typically can be moved to only 80% of overlap of the upper panel, so giving a free opening below the lower panel of very significantly less than the height of the lower panel.
In the event that clear access through the window opening is required, for example in an emergency so that the window opening may serve as a fire escape for people within the building, the lock mechanism at the lower part of the inner frame may be released, to permit the entire inner frame together with the two panels 12 and 13 carried thereby to be swung inwardly and upwardly, as shown in Figures 3 and 4. In this way, a relatively large opening can be obtained, so facilitating egress from the building.
The weight of the inner frame together with the upper and lower panels 12 and 13 is significant. Consequently, a pair of struts 14 may be provided between the outer frame and the inner frame, on each side thereof. Such struts may be telescopic and incorporate a compressed gas piston and cylinder arrangement whereby the weight of the inner frame and the panels may be carried by the struts. Alternatively, mechanical spring struts could be employed or even simple bars which simply lock out to hold the inner frame in its raised position bearing in mind that the inner frame is likely to be raised as shown in Figures 3 and 4 only very rarely, if at all, in the life of the window assembly.
Referring now to Figures 5 and 6, there is shown a second embodiment of sash window assembly of this invention. In this embodiment, there is provided a frame 20 which is fitted into the window opening in a wall and which defines two parallel channels in which are slidably mounted upper and lower window panels 21 and 22. As with the first embodiment, the upper panel 21 is mounted in the outer channel and the lower panel 22 in the inner channel. Both
<Desc/Clms Page number 6>
panels are provided with a pair of balancers but in the case of the lower panel 22, the balancer 23 (Figure 6) is fitted between the upper edge 24 of the frame 20 and the upper edge of the lower panel 22. The connection (on each side) between the upper edge of the lower panel and the balancer 23 is by means of a pivot pin 25, which extends into the channel so as to constrain the upper edge of the panel for sliding movement with respect to the frame 20. In order to allow the lower panel 22 to slide upwardly to a sufficient extent for normal window operation, a relatively compact form of balancer 23 is employed, typically of telescopic form and exerting a relatively high spring force.
A locking mechanism is provided on the lower edge 26 of the lower panel 22, which mechanism includes a pair of lugs adapted normally to project laterally into the channels of the frame 20, so as to constrain the entire panel for sliding movement with respect to the frame. However, when the mechanism is unlocked, the lugs are withdrawn from the channels so that the lower panel 22 may hinge inwardly of the building in which the sash window is fitted, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. By first raising the lower panel to its maximum extent and then hinging the lower panel inwardly, a significantly wider opening through the window frame is achieved, approximately equal to one half of the area defined by the frame.
As with the first embodiment, a pair of struts 27 may be provided between the lower panel 22 and the frame, to support the lower panel in its inwardly-hinged disposition. Such struts may attempt to balance the weight of the panel and so, for example, could be spring struts or may simply be mechanical struts which lock out when the lower panel 22 has fully been hinged inwardly, so as thereafter to maintain the lower panel in that position.

Claims (10)

  1. CLAIMS 1. A sash window assembly comprising an outer frame adapted for fitting to a window opening in a building, an inner frame supporting one or more window panels, and hinge means connecting the inner frame to the outer frame which hinge means are provided on opposed sides of the frames at or adjacent the upper edge of the inner frame whereby the inner frame may be hinged about a generally horizontal axis disposed at or adjacent the upper edge of the inner frame, out of the plane of the window opening to facilitate egress from a building in which the window assembly is fitted.
  2. 2. A sash window assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein a locking mechanism is provided between the inner and outer frames, to hold the inner frame fixed with respect to the outer frame until the mechanism has been unlocked.
  3. 3. A sash window assembly as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein sealing members are provided between confronting surfaces of the inner and outer frames, to effect a seal therebetween.
  4. 4. A sash window assembly as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein a pair of struts is provided one on each side respectively of the inner frame, to support the inner frame when hinged away from its normal position.
  5. 5. A sash window assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein each of the pair of struts is a spring strut adapted to support at least part of the weight of the inner frame and the carried panels.
  6. 6. A sash window assembly having a lower panel which is slid able vertically upwardly to open the window and a pair of balancers disposed one to each side of the panel to take at least some of the weight of the panel, in which assembly
    <Desc/Clms Page number 8>
    the balancers are connected to the panel at or in the vicinity of the upper edge of the panel by means of respective hinge mechanisms, whereby the panel may be raised vertically and then be hinged about a generally horizontal axis out of the plane of the window opening, to facilitate egress through the open window, from a building in which the window assembly is fitted.
  7. 7. A sash window assembly as claimed in claim 6, wherein a locking mechanism is provided at the lower edge of the lower panel, to constrain the lower panel for sliding movement within the frame until the mechanism has been unlocked.
  8. 8. A sash window assembly as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7, wherein a pair of struts is provided one on each side respectively of the lower panel, to support the lower panel when hinged away from its normal position.
  9. 9. A sash window assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein each of the pair of struts is a spring strut adapted to support at least part of the weight of the lower panel.
  10. 10. A sash window assembly substantially as hereinbefore described, with reference to and as illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 or in Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
GB0205510A 2002-03-08 2002-03-08 Sash window assemblies Expired - Fee Related GB2386146B (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0205510A GB2386146B (en) 2002-03-08 2002-03-08 Sash window assemblies
GB0518490A GB2415457B (en) 2002-03-08 2002-03-08 Sash window assemblies

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0205510A GB2386146B (en) 2002-03-08 2002-03-08 Sash window assemblies

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0205510D0 GB0205510D0 (en) 2002-04-24
GB2386146A true GB2386146A (en) 2003-09-10
GB2386146B GB2386146B (en) 2005-11-30

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ID=9932607

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB0518490A Expired - Fee Related GB2415457B (en) 2002-03-08 2002-03-08 Sash window assemblies
GB0205510A Expired - Fee Related GB2386146B (en) 2002-03-08 2002-03-08 Sash window assemblies

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB0518490A Expired - Fee Related GB2415457B (en) 2002-03-08 2002-03-08 Sash window assemblies

Country Status (1)

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GB (2) GB2415457B (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1029678C2 (en) * 2005-08-04 2007-02-06 Ubbink Bv Hinged window frame assembly.
WO2009056476A1 (en) * 2007-10-30 2009-05-07 Airbus Operations Gmbh Emergency exit hatch for exiting a cabin module in an emergency and entering the same
GB2485549A (en) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-23 R J Parry Ltd Sash window with hinged inner frame
GB2494865A (en) * 2011-09-19 2013-03-27 Stephen John Escape apparatus for a building

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB410623A (en) * 1933-06-14 1934-05-24 Bertram Benjamin Pearson Improvements relating to casement windows, doors and the like
GB2188357A (en) * 1986-01-22 1987-09-30 Ronald Calvey Windows
GB2286619A (en) * 1994-02-04 1995-08-23 Veloc Limited Window assembly
US5581941A (en) * 1994-04-26 1996-12-10 Roto Frank Ag Vent and tilt roof window providing an exit

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1508600A (en) * 1974-11-18 1978-04-26 Braid H Sliding sash windows
GB2245927A (en) * 1990-06-16 1992-01-15 James Blair & Son Ltd Window frame structure
GB2268957B (en) * 1992-07-24 1995-11-22 Paul Ernest Laidman Temple Window assembly
GB2353057B (en) * 1999-07-09 2003-09-24 Boardman Susan Mary Sliding sash windows

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB410623A (en) * 1933-06-14 1934-05-24 Bertram Benjamin Pearson Improvements relating to casement windows, doors and the like
GB2188357A (en) * 1986-01-22 1987-09-30 Ronald Calvey Windows
GB2286619A (en) * 1994-02-04 1995-08-23 Veloc Limited Window assembly
US5581941A (en) * 1994-04-26 1996-12-10 Roto Frank Ag Vent and tilt roof window providing an exit

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1029678C2 (en) * 2005-08-04 2007-02-06 Ubbink Bv Hinged window frame assembly.
EP1749959A1 (en) * 2005-08-04 2007-02-07 Ubbink B.V. Sliding hinge window assembly
WO2009056476A1 (en) * 2007-10-30 2009-05-07 Airbus Operations Gmbh Emergency exit hatch for exiting a cabin module in an emergency and entering the same
US8328137B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2012-12-11 Airbus Operations Gmbh Emergency exit hatch for exiting a cabin module in an emergency and entering the same
GB2485549A (en) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-23 R J Parry Ltd Sash window with hinged inner frame
GB2494865A (en) * 2011-09-19 2013-03-27 Stephen John Escape apparatus for a building

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0518490D0 (en) 2005-10-19
GB0205510D0 (en) 2002-04-24
GB2386146B (en) 2005-11-30
GB2415457B (en) 2006-02-22
GB2415457A (en) 2005-12-28

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Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20161020 AND 20161026

PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20200308