GB2368764A - A digital radiation photographic detection system for large object - Google Patents

A digital radiation photographic detection system for large object Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2368764A
GB2368764A GB0203816A GB0203816A GB2368764A GB 2368764 A GB2368764 A GB 2368764A GB 0203816 A GB0203816 A GB 0203816A GB 0203816 A GB0203816 A GB 0203816A GB 2368764 A GB2368764 A GB 2368764A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
array detector
inspection apparatus
detector
radiation
radiation source
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Granted
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GB0203816A
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GB0203816D0 (en
GB2368764B (en
Inventor
Jigang An
Liye Zhou
Yisi Liu
Haifeng Wu
Zhifang Wu
Xincheng Xiang
Liqiang Wang
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • G01V5/22
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G01V5/226

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of nuclear technology application. The detection system uses a detector including a high-specific-activity isotopic gamma ray source and its shielded container, a chamber for radiating, collimators and a detector array, a signal processing system and a carrying mechanism for translation etc. In addition, the detection system uses a rotary scanner framework of ring-type and its seat. The detector is mounted on the framework. The invention can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of the system significantly by obtaining projective images from any designated direction and cross-sectional images of designated position whilst using only one set of ray sources, detector and signal processing system.

Description

Digital Radiography Inspection Apparatus for Large Object Field of the
Invention
The present invention relates to the field of nuclear technology
application, and particularly to a digital radiography inspection apparatus for large object such as container or missile. High activity ratio radioactive isotopic radiation source ( e.g., 60Co or 137Cs), array detector and circular rotary rack and translational traction mechanism etc are employed such that digital radiation projection images of the object along any given direction can be obtained in real time, and the tomography images of specified portions of the object can also be obtained on demand, the sensitivity and accuracy of inspection of the apparatus can thus be improved significantly.
Background of the Invention
The existing container (large object) radiation imaging detecting apparatus with electron accelerator, radioactive isotopes or X-ray machines as radiation source (such as those described in the product materials of the Shilumberger Ltd. of France, Haimann Ltd. of Germany, Aerospace Ltd. of The United Kingdom, EG&G Co. Of USA, and Beijing Hualixing Sci-Tech Development Co.,Ltd. of China, and US.
Patent No. 4,785, 168 and China Patent Applications No.96102080.6 and 98101501.8) can satisfy the detecting requirements of customs, however, there are the following drawbacks: i) The above mentioned apparatus are only capable of giving the radiation projection image of the detected object in one or two fixed directions ( horizontal, vertical). Once an apparatus has been established, -
the direction and number ( 1 or 2) of projections can not be changed.
ii) If it is necessary for giving proj ection images in two directions, two sets of radiation source, detector and information system must be established, which will result in the significant increase of the cost of equipment. iii) Only the radiation projection image but not the tomography images of an object can be provided by the apparatus.
The above drawbacks severely limit the inspecting capability of the radiography inspection apparatus for complex object. For example, when the contents of a container are complex and smuggled with drug, or when the internal defects of the solid fuel inside a large missile are to be examined, the capability for obtaining tomography images and projection images in any specified directions is extremely required by the inspection apparatus, such that the quality of inspection can be improved significantly. Object of the Invention It is an object of the present invention to overcome the drawbacks of the existing container (large object) inspection technology to provide a large object digital radiography nondestructive detecting apparatus capable of conveniently obtaining projection images in any specified directions and tomography images of specified portions of a large object, while only one set of radiation source, detector and information system is required, thereby the detecting sensibility and accuracy can be improved significantly. Summary of the Invention
A large object digital radiography inspection apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprises a high activity ratio radioactive isotopic radiation source and a shielding housing thereof, a radiating chamber, front and rear collimators, an array detector, a translational traction mechanism, and a signal processing system, which is characterized in farther comprising a circular rotary scanning rack and a base thereof, the detecting section constituted by said high activity ratio radioactive isotopic radiation source with the shielding housing, radiating chamber, collimators and array detector is mounted on said circular rotary rack to perform revolutionary scanning motion synchronously or to be located in a certain specified direction; the translational traction mechanism makes the object to perform uniform linear motion along the axial direction of the circular rack or to be located in a specified position. Under the condition that the detecting section is oriented in a certain specified direction by the circular rotary rack, the object is scanned when it is moved at uniform linear velocity by the translational Faction mechanism to obtain the radiation projection image of the object along this direction.
Under the condition that a specified portion of the object is located in the radiation area of the rays by the translational traction mechanism, a tomography image of that portion of the object is obtained from the rotary scanning motion of the detecting section caused by the circular rotary rack. The radiation source used by the present invention is a high activity ratio 60Co or '37Cs radioactive isotope with only several mm of linearity.
The 60Co projector with activity less than 24 TBq, which has been widely used in the field of industrial nondestructive testing, is of first
preference. The array detector used is constituted by a plurality of
sequentially arranged array detector units, each of which including a fixed number of detector elements, the array detector unit is one of the high gas-pressurized array ionization chamber, multi-wire proportional chamber, Geiger counter array, scintillation array detector or semiconductor array detector, etc., There is a shielding plate (referred to as radiation "collector") in the rear of the array detector for absorbing radiation penetrating outside the detector.
The circular rotary rack of the present invention employs driving means of the stepping or continuous type of revolutionary motion, such that the detecting section performs rotary scanning motion corresponding to the requirements of different image processing modes. The inner radius of the circular rotary rack should be great enough to always contain the large object, such as container, within the sectorial radiation field of the
ray. The translational traction mechanism of the present invention may employ one of a flatbed car, roller conveyer, belt conveyer, or chain conveyer, so as to drag the obj ect to perform translational motion.
Beneficial effects of the present invention One of the significant advantages of the present invention is that, during the procedure of obtaining the tomography images, the object keeps stationary while the detecting section performs rotary scanning motion. This is extremely necessary for an object, such as container and large missile, which is unsuitable to turn around.
Another significant advantage of the present invention is the adoption of the radioactive isotopic radiation source, which may emit ray continuously and automatically without the need for power supply
and the risks of accompanying high voltage and strong microwave. This radiation source can be conveniently mounted on the circular rotary rack to rotate along with the detecting section. This is difficult for the accelerator type detecting system to realize.
The present invention is suitable to be used for nondestructive detection of a large object such as a container and a missile (including container, container truck, freight train, missile and train car). One application situation is the inspection of aviation container or collective goods package at airports, to exclude flammable and exploitable articles to ensure safety of flight. Because the projection image in any specified direction and tomography image of specified portion can be obtained, it is very beneficial to discover and discriminate doubtful articles. Another application situation is the inspection of defects of the solid fuel inside the huge missile. It is necessary to obtain tomography images of each portion in order to discover such defects. However, such a missile is unsuitable to rotate and move due to the huge volume and heavy weight thereof, therefore the adoption of the apparatus of the present invention which performs rotary scanning motion of the detecting section instead of moving the object during inspection is the best choice.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The technique of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is an axonometric drawing of the large object digital radiography inspection apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the large object digital radiography inspection apparatus according to the present invention.
i
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the state of the inspection apparatus according to the present invention when the detecting section is in the vertical direction.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the state of the inspection apparatus according to the present invention when the detecting section is in the horizontal direction.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the state of the inspection apparatus according to the present invention when the detecting section is in the + 45 direction.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the state of the inspection apparatus according to the present invention when the detecting section is in the 45 direction.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
Referring to Fig. 1, the "detecting section" of the detecting apparatus according to the present invention is constituted by a high activity ratio 60Co or '37Cs radioactive isotope source and a housing 1 thereof (with a Shielding shutter), a radiating chamber and front collimator 2, a rear collimator 3, and an array detector 4. They are fixedly integrated together and can be revolved synchronously on the circular rotary rack 5 of the inspection apparatus, and may be positioned in a specified direction or may perform revolutionary scanning motion of 360 . There is a shielding plate ( so called radiation "collector")in the rear of the array detector 4 for absorbing the radiation penetrating outside the detector. The circular rotary rack 5 of the detecting apparatus is fixed on a base 6, and the base 6 is rigidly fixed on preburied members in the foundation. An object 7 (container, missile, or the like) to be detected is
placed on the translational traction mechanism 8, which may move at specified uniform translational velocity along the axial direction of the circular rotary rack, or may move to and stop at a specified position to be revolutionary scanned by the circular rotary rack 5. The traction mechanism 8 may be an electrical flatbed train moving on a Tack, or a roller conveyer or other conveyer mechanism, as shown in the drawings.
During detection, the shielding valve of the radiation source housing 1 is opened to let the ray to emit through the radiating chamber and the narrow gap in the front collimator 2, and to be aligned into a narrow sheet of fan beam. This sheet of radiation beam penetrates through the object 7 and passes through the rear collimator 3 (used for shielding the scattered radiation ray), and irradiates on the aligned array detector 4. The major part of radiation ray unabsorbed by the detector will be shielded by the "collector" behind the detector 4 and will not produce any harmful effect to the surrounding environment.
When it is desired to obtain the radiation projection image of the object in certain direction, the "detecting section" (consisting of parts 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) is instructed to revolute and to be positioned at a respective position, then the object 7 is moved at uniform velocity through the sheet like beam radiation area by the traction mechanism 8, and the signals outputted by the array detector are collected and processed. The radiation projection image of respective different directions of the object can be obtained by positioning the "detecting section"at different positions. State diagrams of the detecting apparatus with the "detecting section"at different positions are illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6.
When it is necessary to obtain tomography radiation images of a certain portion of the object, the traction mechanism 8 is first instructed
o move this portion of the object to be detected into the thin sheet like beam radiation area, then the "detecting section"is instructed to perform 360 rotary scanning motion on the circular rotary rack 5, while the output signals from the array detector 4 are collected and processed simultaneously to obtain the tomography radiation images of this portion of the object. The signal processing system for performing the above-
mentioned functions is well known, so the description therefor is omitted.
The large object remains stationary during the procedure of obtaining the tomography radiation image by the present invention, while the "detecting section" performs rotary scanning motion. It is very advantageous for a large object such as a container or a strategic missile, which are difficult to rotate.
The radiation source 1 employs high activity ratio 60Co or 137Cs radioactive isotope source, the linearity of the active area is several millimeters and the activity thereof is less than 24 TBq. For a large object, 60Co source of high ray energy are employed. The activity ratio and activity value of the 60Co source used by the present invention are substantially consistent with that of the industrial radiation projector apparatus commercially available. Adapting such finalized product of radiation source apparatus with self-contained shielding housing is advantageous to increase the reliability of operation of the inspection apparatus according to the present invention.
The source housing and the shielding value 1 as well as the radiating chamber and the front collimator 2 are made of metals of poor uranium, lead, iron, and etc or alloys thereof. The narrow aligning gap of the front collimator aligns the radiation emitted from the radiation source 1 into a thin sheet as shown in Fig. 1, its flare angle in the direction perpendicular
to the plane of the circular rotary rack is 0.1 to 1.0 ,while the flare angle in the direction of the plane of the circular rotary rack is not greater than 90 The rear collimator 3 is made of lead, iron, and etc or the alloys thereof, the width of the intermediate alignment narrow gap thereof is equal to or slightly less than the pixel width of the array detector 4 and aligned with the alignment gap of the front collimator 2 and the active area of the radiation source 1. Both the rear collimator and the array detector can be made into an arc with the active area of the radiation source as its center, the length of the arc of the rear collimator should guarantee that the radiation field confined by it and the array detector will
completely embrace the object. Of course, it is also possible to make them into a straight or broken line.
The array detector 4 consists of a plurality of sequentially arranged array detector units each including a certain number of pixel detector elements. The array detector 4 also constitutes an arc device with the active area of the radiation source as its center ( or a straight/broken line device). The radiation source 1, the Wont collimator 2' the rear collimator 3 and the array detector 4 should be arranged such that the aligned rays can accurately hit the sensitive volume of each of the pixel detector elements. The array detector 4 serves to convert the v rays penetrating the detected object and hitting the sensitive volume into electrical signals. It is required that the array detector should posses high detection efficiency and sensitivity and should be stable and reliable, and capable of enduring the vibrational interference of the detecting section during its revolutionary scanning motion. The array detector of first preference
which satisfies this requirement is the "Gas ionization array detector for high energy X, radiography" disclosed by the Chinese Patent ZL 93102728.4. Other array detectors such as multi-wire proportional chamber, proportional tube or Geiger counter array, scintillation detector array or semiconductor detector array and etc are also adaptable.
A digital radiation projection image or digital radiation tomography image of the object can be obtained by the processing of the computer after the amplification, A/D conversion and collection of the output signals of the array detector, for inspecting by the administrator, and can also be stored, printed, transmitted, archived, and so on.
The circular rotary rack 5 is a large revolutionary mechanism constructed with conventional process, which makes the 'detecting section" (including radiation source and Shielding shutter 1, radiate chamber and front collimator 2, rear collimator 3, array detector 4, and connecting members, etc) perform revolutionary motion thereon integrally and synchronously. One operation mode is to revolute the detecting section and position it at a specified position, and another operation mode is to make the detecting section perform 360 stepping or continuous revolutionary motion. In the former operation mode, a radiation projection image of the object in the corresponding position will be obtained by the detecting apparatus, while in the latter operation mode, radiation tomography images of the object will be obtained by the inspection apparatus. The circular rotary rack 5 is rigidly fixed on the preburied members in the foundation via the base 6.
The traction mechanism 8 is a moving mechanism independent of the circular rotary rack 5. It is used to trail the object along the axial direction of the circular rotary rack at specified uniform linear velocity, or
to move the object to position a designated portion thereof in the sheet fan radiation area of the rays. The former motion mode corresponds to the obtaining of the radiation projection image, while the latter motion mode corresponds to the obtaining of the radiation tomography images, For a very heavy object, a traction mechanism 8 of an electric flatbed car moving on pre-laid track may be selected for use. The loading of such Faction mechanism may be 40 tons or higher to be adapted for the requirements of detection of heavy and large object such as fully loaded containers or huge missiles. For lighter object ( e.g., aviation container), roller conveyer or other conveyers may be selected as the traction mechanism 8. Whatever traction mechanism is selected, the portion thereof placed in the sheet radiation area should be as little and light as possible to reduce its interference on the obtained radiation image. Since the thickness of the sheet radiation area is only about 1 cm, this requirement is not difficult to realize.
An embodiment according to the present invention suitable to be used as a container detecting apparatus will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as follows: The general structure of the present embodiment is shown in Fig.1.
The large object digital radiography inspection system (abbreviated to "inspection system") consists of a 60Co radiation source and its housing and Shielding shutter 1, a radiating chamber and front collimator 2, a rear collimator 3, an array detector and collector 4 mounted on a circular rotary rack 5, and a base 6, a track flatbed car traction mechanism 8, and a signal acquisition and processing system. A finalized product of 60Co projector commercially available is chosen as the radiation source, the activity of which is 300 Curies (llTBq), and which is accompanied with
a shielding housing in conformity with the related safety standard of I^A. Both the radiating chamber and the front collimator are made of lead. The rear collimator is made of iron. The detecting apparatus described in the Chinese Patent No. ZL93102728.4 is chosen to be the array detector, the cross sectional dimension of the pixel ionization chamber element is 1 X 1 cm, there are 512 elements in total. The dimension of the active area of the radiation source is a cylinder of 6mm in diameter and 6mm in height, and the distance from the center thereof to the front surface of the array detector is 6m. The inner diameter of the circular rotary rack 5 is 5.5m while the outer diameter thereof is 8m. The detecting section may perform stepping (for example, with each step of one degree) revolutionary motion on the circular rotary rack 5, or may perform revolutionary motion continuously, the load of the track flatbed car traction mechanism 8 can be up to 40 tons, the velocity of uniform linear motion is 5-40 cm/sec. This detecting apparatus is suitable to inspect standard containers of 2.5m in width and height.
When obtaining radiation projection image in any specified direction, the present apparatus can discover iron wire with diameter 2.5mm or iron sheet with thickness 0.7mm behind a lOOmm iron plate, and heavy absorbing bodies such as lead blocks can be discovered even behind 240mm iron plate. When obtaining tomography images, the detection index is closely related to the shape, size, material, structure, etc of the object, it can be expected to discover defects of rum or submillimeter orders.

Claims (9)

What is claimed is:
1. A digital radiography inspection apparatus for a large object such as a container, comprising a high activity ratio radioactive isotopic radiation source and a shielding house thereof, a radiating chamber, a front collimator, a rear collimator, an array detector, a translational traction mechanism and a signal processing system, which is characterized in that: said apparatus further comprises a circular rotary scanning rack and a base thereof, wherein a detecting section consisting of said radiation source and the shielding housing thereof, the radiating chamber, the collimators and the array detector is mounted on said circular rotary rack to perform revolutionary scanning motion synchronously or positioned in a specified direction, the translational traction mechanism makes the object perform uniform linear motion along the axial direction of the circular rotary rack or be positioned at a specified position.
2. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said radiation source is a high activity ratio 60Co or '37Cs radioactive isotope with only several millimeters of linearity.
3. The inspection appartus according to claim 1, characterized in that a 60Co projector with activity not greater than 24 TBg is employed as the high activity ratio 60Co radiation source.
4. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said array detector is constituted by a plurality of sequentially arranged array detector units each of which including a definite number of detector elements, wherein each said array detector unit is one of a high gas-pressurized array ionization chamber, a multi-wire proportional chamber, a Geiger counter array, a scintillator array detector or a
semiconductor array detector.
5. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said rear collimator as well as said array detector are formed an arc with the active area of the radiation source as its center, the arc length thereof should guarantee that the radiation field confined by said rear
collimator and said array detector can completely embrace the object.
6. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a shielding plate is provided behind the array detector to absorb the radiation penetrating through the detector.
7. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said circular rotary rack employs a driving mean of either the stepping or continuous mode.
8. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said translational traction mechanism is one of a electric flatbed car running on a track, a roller conveyer, a belt conveyer, or a chain conveyer.
9. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said object to be inspected is one of a container, a container freight car, a missile or a train car
GB0203816A 1999-07-23 2000-06-30 Digital radiography inspection apparatus for large object Expired - Lifetime GB2368764B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN99110839A CN1112583C (en) 1999-07-23 1999-07-23 Digital radiation image forming type apparatus for investigating lorge guest materials
PCT/CN2000/000186 WO2001007900A1 (en) 1999-07-23 2000-06-30 A digital radiation photographic detection system for large object

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GB0203816D0 GB0203816D0 (en) 2002-04-03
GB2368764A true GB2368764A (en) 2002-05-08
GB2368764B GB2368764B (en) 2004-02-18

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AU (1) AU5519500A (en)
GB (1) GB2368764B (en)
WO (1) WO2001007900A1 (en)

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GB2420682A (en) * 2004-11-26 2006-05-31 Nuctech Co Ltd Shipping container inspection system with CT scanning function
GB2420682B (en) * 2004-11-26 2006-12-06 Nuctech Co Ltd Container inspection system with ct tomographic scanning function
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US7636418B2 (en) 2004-12-03 2009-12-22 Eg&G Middle East Container inspection system
WO2007071890A1 (en) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Eg & G Middle East Container inspection system
US9632206B2 (en) 2011-09-07 2017-04-25 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. X-ray inspection system that integrates manifest data with imaging/detection processing
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CN1242519A (en) 2000-01-26
GB0203816D0 (en) 2002-04-03
AU5519500A (en) 2001-02-13
CN1112583C (en) 2003-06-25
GB2368764B (en) 2004-02-18

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