GB2350154A - Fuel injection system with solenoid valve in high-pressure pump cylinder - Google Patents
Fuel injection system with solenoid valve in high-pressure pump cylinder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2350154A GB2350154A GB0011377A GB0011377A GB2350154A GB 2350154 A GB2350154 A GB 2350154A GB 0011377 A GB0011377 A GB 0011377A GB 0011377 A GB0011377 A GB 0011377A GB 2350154 A GB2350154 A GB 2350154A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- control piston
- pump
- pressure
- injection
- solenoid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
- F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
- F02M59/46—Valves
- F02M59/466—Electrically operated valves, e.g. using electromagnetic or piezoelectric operating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
- F02M59/36—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
- F02M59/366—Valves being actuated electrically
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
Abstract
An electronic injection system, eg a Pump Nozzle Unit (PNU) or a Pump Line Nozzle (PLN), for fuels of higher viscosity and operating temperature than diesel fuel, eg heavy oil, has the high-pressure space 2 of a mechanically or hydraulically actuated high-pressure pump connectable to an injector 6 by bores 3, 4 and line 5. The fuel is fed by a low-pressure pump 9 to a low-pressure pump chamber 12 formed in a through-bore 13 in the pump cylinder 1. The through-bore 13 is sealed at one end by a stop plate 17 and contains a guide sleeve 16 for a hollow control piston (valve spool) 18 which, in its open position, is urged by a spring 29 against the stop plate 17 so that high-pressure pump space 2 and low-pressure space 10 are connected and injection is prevented. When solenoid 35 is actuated, the control piston 18 moves to begin injection. The armature plate 36 and the solenoid 35 are shielded from the fuel by a protective sleeve 31 which supports the valve spring 29 and to which is attached a skin (membrane) 30 which extends between the valve spring 29 and the control piston 18. Coolant can pass through a space 41 via bores 39, 40. The invention provides a simple, compact and reliable system.
Description
-. - i- - - -11 J 2350154 DESCRUIPTION ELECTRONIC INJECTION SYSTEM The
present invention relates to electronic injection systems and is concerned in particular with an electronic injection system, in particular a Pump Nozzle Unit (PNU) or Pump Line Nozzle (PLN) for fuels with a higher viscosity and operating temperature than diesel fuel, such as heavy oil, having a mechanically or hydraulically actuated high- pressure injection pump comprising a pump cylinder wherein the fuel discharged by a low-pressure supply pump from a fuel tank by way of a low- pressure circulation system is at the required injection pressure, and having a solenoid valve comprising an armature plate, which can be actuated by a solenoid and is coupled with a control piston for the purpose of controlling the injection start and injection quantity.
In conventional injection systems the control piston is indirectly actuated by way of a hydraulic fluid. The fuel that is to be injected is used as the hydraulic fluid. Depending upon the viscosity of the fuel used, high operating temperatures occur at the solenoid of the solenoid valve. This can lead to malfunctions or damage as a consequence of cavitation.
An object of the invention is to produce a compact injection system that functions faultlessly, even with highly viscous fuels. Furthermore the injection system according to the invention should be simply constructed and cost effective to produce.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided an electronic injection system, in particular a Pump Nozzle Unit (PNU) or Pump Line Nozzle (PLN) for fuels with a higher viscosity and operating temperature than diesel fuel, such as heavy oil, having a mechanically or hydraulically actuated highpressure injection pump comprising a pump cylinder wherein the fuel discharged by a low-pressure supply pump from a fuel tank by way of a lowpressure circulation system is at the required injection pressure, and having a 2 solenoid valve comprising an armature plate, which can be actuated by a solenoid and is coupled with a control piston for the purpose of controlling the injection start and injection quantity, the control piston of the solenoid valve being integrated into the pump cylinder of the high-pressure injection pump and being directly controllable. A direct control of the injection processes is thereby permitted without servo support with additional tolerances.
A particular embodiment of the invention is characterised in that the armature plate and the solenoid of the solenoid valve are shielded from the fuel by a protective sleeve. Heating of the armature plate and the solenoid by hot fuel during operation is thereby avoided. If the solenoid comes into contact only with air and not with hot fuel, smaller distances between the armature plate and the solenoid can be achieved. This leads to greater magnetic forces and to shorter switching times.
A further particular embodiment of the invention is characterised in that the shielded area around the armature plate and the solenoid is subjected during operation to a through-flow of air or a coolant by way of bores. This thereby prevents a high fuel temperature, which can reach, for example, 140 Q from leading to damage to the solenoid.
A further particular embodiment of the invention is characterised in that the control piston is guided so as to be able to move in a reciprocating manner between an opened valve position, in which the pump area of the high-pressure injection pump is connected to a low-pressure chamber, which low-pressure chamber is formed concentrically with respect to the control piston in the pump cylinder, and a closed valve position against the pre-stressing force of a valve spring in a guide sleeve formed from a wear-resistant material, which guide sleeve is shrunk into the pump cylinder and sealed by a stop plate. The guide sleeve has the advantage that, as a component which is particularly subject to wear, it is easy to replace. When wear occurs, therefore, the entirepump cylinder need not be replaced immediately. The low-pressure chamber serves for flushing purposes and has the advantage that the fuel drawn in is always 3 fresh.
A further particular embodiment of the invention is characterised in that the control piston is formed in such a way as to be hollow inside and the inner space of the control piston is connected to an annular space, which is not subject to pressure, which annular space is formed concentrically with respect to the control piston in the region of the valve spring in the pump cylinder and connected by way of a bore to the fuel tank. Fuel leakages occurring during the operation are collected in the annular space, from where the fuel passes back into the fuel tank.
A further particular embodiment of the invention is characterised in that a sealing element is integrated into the protective sleeve and a skin is affixed to the protective sleeve, which skin extends as far as the control piston. The sleeve serves as a holding device for the valve spring. The skin serves additionally to shield the armature plate and the solenoid.
A further particular embodiment of the invention is characterised in that the solenoid is thermally separated from the pump cylinder and the fuel by a distance plate formed from a special material. This thereby guarantees a safe functioning of the solenoid.
Further advantages, characteristics and details of the invention are provided in the following description, wherein an exemplified embodiment of the invention is described in detail with reference to the drawing. At the same time, the characteristics mentioned in the claims and in the description can be essential to the invention at any one time individually per se or in any combination. The drawings show
Fig. 1 a section of a part of an injection system according to the invention; and Fig. 2 an enlarged extract from Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 shows a pump cylinder 1 of a high-pressure injection pump. In the lower part of the pump cylinder 1 in Fig. 1 can be seen a part of a pump area 2. The pump area 2 is connected by bores 3 and 4 and a high-pressure line 5 to an 1 4 injection nozzle 6.
The fuel to be injected is discharged from a fuel tank 8 with the aid of a low-pressure supply pump 9 into a low-pressure pump area 10. From the lowpressure pump area 10 the fuel to be injected reaches a low-pressure chamber 12 via an inlet 11, which low-pressure chamber 12 is formed in a portion 14 with an enlarged diameter of a through-going bore 13 in the pump cylinder 1. A guide sleeve 16 is shrunk into the through-going bore 13. The guide sleeve 16 is formed from a particularly wear-resistant material. On the right-hand side in Fig. 1 a stop plate 17 seals the through-going bore 13. A control piston 18 strikes the stop plate 17, which control piston 18 is associated with a valve, which valve is integrated into the pump cylinder I of the high-pressure injection pump. In the opened position of the valve, the control piston 18 is pushed by a valve spring 19 against the stop plate 17.
In the opened valve position, the high-pressure pump area 2 is connected by way of the bore 3 and past a valve seat 20, and by way of a throughgoing passage 21, which through-going passage 21 acts as a throttle, to the lowpressure chamber 12. The low-pressure chamber 12 for its part is connected via an outlet 15 to the low-pressure pump area 10.
The control piston 18 is formed in such a manner as to be hollow inside. The inner space 19 of the control piston 18 is connected by two throughgoing passages 22 to an annular space 23, which annular space 23 is formed concentrically with respect to one end of the control piston 18 in a portion 24 with a widened diameter of the through-going bore 13. The control piston 18, being formed as a hollow cylinder, comprises 4 portions 25, 26, 27 and 28 with different diameters. The portion 28 has a somewhat larger diameter than the portion 26. The diameter of the portion 27 is smaller than the diameter of portions 26 and 28, but larger than the diameter of the portion 25. The valve seat 20 is formed between the portion 27 and the portion 28 of the control piston 18.
In the portion 25 is affixed a skin 30 between a valve spring 29 and the control piston 18. The end of the skin 30 facing the free end of the control piston 18 is fastened to a protective sleeve 31. In addition, the valve spring 29 is supported on the protective sleeve 31. Between the protective sleeve 31 and the pump cylinder 1 is disposed a sealing element 32. The protective sleeve 31 is fixed onto a distance plate 33 formed from a thermally insulating material.
The distance plate 33 is disposed between the pump cylinder 1 and a solenoid 35. The solenoid 35 operates together with an armature plate 36, which armature plate 36 is fastened by a screw 37 to the control piston 18. When the solenoid 35 is actuated, the control piston 18.in Fig. 1 is pushed to the left and the valve seat 20 is closed. The control of the solenoid 35 takes place by way of a control unit 38.
In the distance plate 33 are disposed bores 39 and 40, through which a coolant can enter and exit an area 41, which area 41 is shielded by the protective sleeve 31.
The injection system according to the invention Rinctions as follows In the opened condition, the valve spring 29 holds open the valve seat 20 and pushes the control piston 18 against a stroke stop 42, which stroke stop 42 is formed on the stop plate 17. In the opened valve position, the lowpressure pump area 10 and the high-pressure pump area 2 are mutually connected. The filling of the high-pressure pump area 2 is thereby guaranteed and a transfer to the injection nozzle 6 is prevented. t' When the solenoid 35 is subjected to flow, which flow is controlled by the control unit 38, the control piston 18 is drawn along as far as the valve seat 20. The diameter of the valve seat 20 corresponds to the diameter of the portion 26 of the control piston 18. The control piston 18 is located in the closed valve position and the transfer of fuel to the injection nozzle 6 begins.
The duration of the control signal of the control unit 38 defines the injected fuel quantity. At the end of the control signal the control piston 18, on the basis of the pre-stressing force of the valve spring 29 and the diameter difference between the portions 26 and 28 of the control piston 18, is moved as 6 far as the stroke stop 42. At the same time the high-pressure line 5 is no longer subjected to pressure a's a consequence of the connection to the low-pressure pump area 10. This brings about the end of the injection.
The control piston 18 is inserted in the guide sleeve 16. The guide sleeve 16 is shrunk into the pump cylinder I and sealed with the stop plate 17 with respect to the low-pressure pump area 10. The stroke movement of the control piston 18 to the stroke stop 42 is hydraulically dampened on the basis of the difference between the diameter of the portion 28 of the control piston 18 and the diameter of a section 44, which section 44 is formed at the end of the control piston 18.
The fuel leakages are collected in the annular space 23, which is not subject to pressure, and drained off through a bore 45 and a collecting line 46 to the fuel tank 8.
The armature plate and solenoid area 41 is sealed by the protective sleeve 31 with respect to the annular space 23, which is not subject to pressure.
As can be most clearly seen in Fig. 2, the protective sleeve 31 is fixed to the skin 30. The skin 30 is sealed by a sealing ring 49 on the control piston 18.
7
Claims (8)
1. An electronic injection system for fuels with a higher viscosity and operating temperature than diesel fuel, such as heavy oil, having a mechanically or hydraulically actuated high-pressure injection pump, comprising a pump cylinder wherein the fuel discharged by a low-pressure supply pump from a fuel tank by way of a low-pressure circulation system is at the required injection pressure, and having a solenoid valve comprising an armature plate capable of being actuated by a solenoid, which armature plate is coupled with a control piston for the purpose of controlling the injection start and injection quantity, the control piston of the solenoid valve being integrated into the pump cylinder of the high-pressure injection pump and being directly controllable.
2. An injection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the armature plate and the solenoid of the solenoid valve are shielded from the fuel by a protective sleeve.
3. An injection system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the shielded area around the armature plate and the solenoid is subjected to a through-flow of air or coolant during operation by way of bores.
4. An injection system as claimed in any of the previous claims, wherein the control piston is guided so as to be able to move in a reciprocating manner between an opened valve position, and wherein the pump area of the high-pressure injection pump is connected to a low-pressure chamber, which low-pressure chamber is formed concentrically with respect to the control piston in the pump cylinder, and a closed valve position against the prestressing force of a valve spring in a guide sleeve formed from a wearresistant material, which guide sleeve is shrunk into the pump cylinder and sealed by a stop plate.
5. An injection system as claimed in any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the 1 8 control piston is formed in such a manner that it is hollow inside and the inner space of the control piston is connected to an annular space, which is not subject to pressure, and which annular space is formed concentrically with respect to the control piston in the region of the valve spring in the pump cylinder and connected by way of a bore to the fuel tank.
6. An injection system as claimed in any of claims 2 to 5, wherein a sealing element is integrated into the protective sleeve and a skin is affixed to the protective sleeve, which skin extends as far as the control piston.
7. An injection system according to any of the previous claims, wherein the solenoid is thermally separated from the pump cylinder and the fuel by a distance plate formed from a special material.
8. An injection system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19923422A DE19923422C2 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 1999-05-21 | Electronic injection system |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0011377D0 GB0011377D0 (en) | 2000-06-28 |
| GB2350154A true GB2350154A (en) | 2000-11-22 |
| GB2350154B GB2350154B (en) | 2001-07-18 |
Family
ID=7908795
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0011377A Expired - Fee Related GB2350154B (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2000-05-12 | Electronic injection system |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4612149B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100668577B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19923422C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2795777B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2350154B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19923422C2 (en) * | 1999-05-21 | 2003-05-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electronic injection system |
| JP2012197698A (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-10-18 | Yanmar Co Ltd | Fuel injection pump |
| DE102017113520A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2017-08-03 | FEV Europe GmbH | Valve device for injection system |
| US10174725B1 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-01-08 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fuel pump coolant cap assembly |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5106019A (en) * | 1988-12-09 | 1992-04-21 | Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag | Fuel injector |
| US5125807A (en) * | 1989-04-04 | 1992-06-30 | Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag | Fuel injection device |
| WO1997001031A1 (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1997-01-09 | Diesel Technology Company | Fuel pump and method of operating same |
| US5636615A (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1997-06-10 | Diesel Technology Company | Fuel pumping and injection systems |
| US5749717A (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1998-05-12 | Deisel Technology Company | Electromagnetic fuel pump for a common rail fuel injection system |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57136859U (en) * | 1981-02-18 | 1982-08-26 | ||
| JPS62112369U (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1987-07-17 | ||
| DE3705771A1 (en) * | 1987-02-24 | 1988-09-01 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Solenoid valve |
| DE3928613A1 (en) * | 1989-08-30 | 1991-03-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL VALVE |
| DE4020951A1 (en) * | 1990-06-30 | 1992-01-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | MAGNETIC VALVE |
| DE4221921B4 (en) * | 1991-09-21 | 2005-12-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines |
| DE4142940C2 (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1994-01-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electrically controlled pump nozzle |
| DE4320620B4 (en) * | 1993-06-22 | 2004-04-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection device for internal combustion engines |
| DE4322546A1 (en) * | 1993-07-07 | 1995-01-12 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection device for internal combustion engines |
| US5540564A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1996-07-30 | Stanadyne Automotive Corp. | Rotary distributor type fuel injection pump |
| US5697342A (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1997-12-16 | Caterpillar Inc. | Hydraulically-actuated fuel injector with direct control needle valve |
| DE19645243C2 (en) * | 1996-11-02 | 1998-10-29 | Orange Gmbh | Accumulator injector |
| US5826561A (en) * | 1996-12-10 | 1998-10-27 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method and apparatus for injecting fuel using control fluid to control the injection's pressure and time |
| DE19712921A1 (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-10-01 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injector with piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator |
| DE19744235A1 (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 1999-04-08 | Fev Motorentech Gmbh & Co Kg | Fuel injection nozzle for IC engine |
| DE19809627A1 (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 1999-09-09 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engine |
| DE19923422C2 (en) * | 1999-05-21 | 2003-05-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electronic injection system |
-
1999
- 1999-05-21 DE DE19923422A patent/DE19923422C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-05-12 GB GB0011377A patent/GB2350154B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-18 JP JP2000146723A patent/JP4612149B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-19 FR FR0006415A patent/FR2795777B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-20 KR KR1020000027203A patent/KR100668577B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5106019A (en) * | 1988-12-09 | 1992-04-21 | Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag | Fuel injector |
| US5125807A (en) * | 1989-04-04 | 1992-06-30 | Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag | Fuel injection device |
| US5636615A (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1997-06-10 | Diesel Technology Company | Fuel pumping and injection systems |
| WO1997001031A1 (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1997-01-09 | Diesel Technology Company | Fuel pump and method of operating same |
| US5749717A (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1998-05-12 | Deisel Technology Company | Electromagnetic fuel pump for a common rail fuel injection system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2795777B1 (en) | 2005-11-11 |
| GB0011377D0 (en) | 2000-06-28 |
| JP2001003838A (en) | 2001-01-09 |
| DE19923422C2 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
| JP4612149B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
| GB2350154B (en) | 2001-07-18 |
| FR2795777A1 (en) | 2001-01-05 |
| DE19923422A1 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
| KR100668577B1 (en) | 2007-01-16 |
| KR20010014946A (en) | 2001-02-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20160512 |